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LITERARY LANDMARKS 
OF LONDON 



By LAURENCE BUTTON 



iFourtfj iStJitfon 



REVISED AND ENLARGED 




;.APRIli888 ^ 



^■' ik.^-!- 



BOSTON 
TICKNOR AND COMPANY 

211 Crentant ^txttt 
1888 



THi'o 




Copyright, 1885 and 1888, 
By Laurence Hutton. 



All rizhts reserved. 



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John Wilson and Son, Cambridge. 



^^s 



PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. 



'^"^HIS edition of The Liteeary Landmarks of 
London, printed in cheaper and more popular 
form, has been thoroughly revised; a few supple- 
mentary Notes have been added by way of Appendix ; 
and as far as possible it has been brought down to 
the present time. 

L. H. 

January, 1888. 



INTRODUCTION. 



T ONDON has no associations so interesting as those con- 
■*--' nected with its literary men. To the cultivated reader 
the Temple owes its greatest charm to the fact that it was 
the birthplace of Lamb, the home of Fielding, and that it 
contains Goldsmith's grave. Addison and Steele have hal- 
lowed the now unholy precincts of Charter House Square 
and Covent Garden; the shade of Chatterton still haunts 
Shoe Lane; Fleet Street, to this day, echoes with the pon- 
derous tread of Dr. Johnson; and the modest dwelling that 
was once Will's Coffee House is of far more interest now 
than all that is left of the royal palaces of Whitehall and 
St. James. 

The Society of Arts, in marking with its tablets certain of 
the historic houses of London, is deserving of much praise; 
but only a few of the many famous old buildings which 
still exist in the metropolis are thus distinguished, and no 
definite clew to their position is given, even in the best 
of guide-books. When the houses themselves have disap- 
peared, the ordinary searcher, in nearly all instances, has 
the utmost difficulty in finding anything more than a faint 
indication of their site. To remedy this in some measure is 
what is designed in the following pages. They are intended 
simply as a guide to a side of London which has never before 
received particular attention. The places of literary asso- 
ciation in the metropolis and in the suburbs are noted with 



vi INTRODUCTION. 

more or less accuracy in the ordinary hand-books and in 
the thousands of volumes — historical, traditional, local, 
and anecdotal — that have been published about the Great 
City ; but in no single work has any attempt hitherto been 
made to follow the literary worthies of England to the spots 
they have known and loved in London as they have journeyed 
from the cradle to the grave. 

The chief aims of this book have been completeness and 
exactness. It contains not only a great deal of matter which 
has never been printed before, but it verifies the statements 
and corrects the mistakes of the works that have gone before 
it. Innumerable volumes upon London have been consulted, 
from Stow and Strype to the younger Dickens ; early insur- 
ance surveys, containing the number and position of every 
house in Loudon since houses were first numbered, in 1767, 
have been compared with similar surveys of the present, by 
means of tracings and by actual measurements of the streets 
themselves ; the first maps of London have been examined 
and compared in like manner with later and contemporary 
plans ; directories for the last century and a half have been 
studied carefully ; and it has been possible by these means 
to discover and note the exact sites of many interesting build- 
ings, the position of which has hitherto been merely a matter 
of conjecture or entirely unknown. 

The history of the London Directory has yet to be written. 
The oldest volume of that kind in the Library of the British 
Museum was " Published and sold by Henry Kent in Finch 
Lane, near the Eoyal Exchange," in 1736. It is a small 
pamphlet of fifty pages, and the original price was sixpence. 
It is prefaced by the following remarks : " The Difficulty 
which People are continually under, who have Business to 
transact, for Want of knowing where to find One Another, 
makes such a little Piece as this very Useful, by saving a 
great deal of Trouble, Expense, and Loss of Time, in Dispatch 



mTRODUCTION. vil 

of Affairs, especially to Merchants, Bankers and others who 
deal in Notes and Bills of Exchange." ^ 

This directory was published at irregular intervals until 
1827. In the earlier volumes, as the houses were not num- 
bered, only the business streets and the names of residents 
who were business men were inserted. It was followed in 
1772 by a rival Directory " Printed for T. Lowndes, No. 77 
Fleet Street," the price of which was one shilling, and 
which contained, as the advertisement stated, " An Alpha- 
betical List of the Names and Places of Abode of the 
Merchants and Principal Traders of the City of London, 
and Westminster, and the Borough of Southwark and their 
Environs, with the number of each House." This series 
lived only until 1799. The numbers of the houses were 
given first in Kent's Directory for 1768. 

The official Post Office Directory was first published when 
Lowndes retired in 1799 ; and the separate Trades and Court 
departments first appeared in 1841. The initial number of 
" Boyle's Fashionable Court and Country Guide " is dated 
1796, and it is continued to the present day. It contained 
from the outset an irregular court and street directory, both 
of the City and West ends of the town ; but it was naturally 
less complete and thorough than the official Post Office 
Directory of the present day. 

The difficulties met with in the preparation of the fol- 
lowing pages have been many and great. Old houses have 
disappeared, streets have been renamed and renumbered, 
and in many instances entire streets have been swept away 
in the dreadful march of improvement. It is easier to-day 
to discover the house of a man who died two hundred years 
ago, before streets were numbered at all, than to identify 
the houses of men who have died within a few years, and 
since the mania for changing the names and numbers of 
streets began. Dryden, for instance, was living in 1686 in a 



Viii INTRODUCTION. 

house ' on the north side of Long Acre, over against Rose 
Street,' and easily traced now by the Dryden Press, which 
stands upon its site ; while the house in which Carlyle lived 
for nearly half a century, and in which he died in 1881, when 
it was No. 5 Great Cheyne Row, Chelsea, was in 1885 No. 
24 Great Cheyne Row, with nothing to distinguish it from 
the new No. 5 on the opposite side of the way. 

The confusion caused by this renumbering and renaming 
can hardly be expressed in words, nor does there seem to the 
ordinary observer to be any good reason for these changes. 
Oxford Street, which Pennant described in 1790 as the 
longest street in Europe, was considered not fong enough, 
and has been extended by the absorption of New Oxford 
Street, and renumbered; while the New Road, an equally 
important thoroughfare running nearly parallel with it from 
City Rdad to Edgeware Road, was deemed too long, and has 
been divided into Pentonville Road, Euston Road, and Mary- 
lebone Road, and of course renumbered. The following 
note, quoted in full from the London Post Office Directory 
for 1882, will give some faint idea of the confusion of 
numbers : — 

That part of Oxford Street which lies to the west of Tottenham 
Court Eoad has been renumbered, the numbers beginning at 
Tottenham Court Road, and ending at the Marble Arch, — the 
even numbers being on the north, and the odd numbers on the 
south side ; but the numbers of that part of the street which lies 
to the east of Tottenham Court Road not having been altered, 
many of the numbers in that part of the street are duplicates of 
new numbers which are near the Marble Arch : these duplicate 
numbers are distinguished here by being printed in black type, 
thus (463). To avoid confusion, care should be taken, in ad- 
dressing letters, to add the correct postal initials ; and it may be 
desirable for the duplicated numbers to add either 'near Marble 
Arch/ or 'near Holborn,' as the case may be, as part of the 
address. 



INTRODUCTION. ix 

I rest this portion of my case here. 

By some strange fatality the most interesting of the old 
buildings in London have been removed or — what is often 
worse — restored, while adjacent old buildings about which 
no tradition or association lingers are left intact. Drayton's 
house, in Fleet Street, has been altered and changed beyond 
recognition, but the two houses next door to it remain as in 
Drayton's day. The Bell Inn at Edmonton — Gilpin's Bell, 
and a favorite haunt of Charles Lamb during the last years 
of his life — has been taken down, in favor of a dull, common- 
place public house, about which there is nothing attractive 
except its name. The Bell; while on all sides of it there 
exist, from the days of Lamb and Cowper and long before, 
and in all their old-fashioned picturesque beauty, the con- 
temporary inns which neither of them chanced to make 
immortal. 

It will be observed that no attempt has been made here 
to write a text-book or a biographical dictionary. Nothing 
has been preserved in these pages concerning the members 
of the guild of literature from Addison to Young excepting 
what may relate to their career in London ; and the book 
appeals only to those who love and are familiar with Pepys 
and Johnson and Thackeray, and who wnsh to follow them 
to their homes and their haunts in the metropolis, — not to 
those who need to be told who Pepys and Johnson and 
Thackeray were, and what they have done. It will be 
observed, too, that the rank of these men in the world 
of letters is not to be inferred from the amount of space 
devoted to them here. Wordsworth and Herrick have as- 
signed to them but a few lines, simply because they were not 
poets of brick and mortar, and knew almost nothing of town 
life ; while whole pages are sometimes bestowed upon the 
half- forgotten authors of one immortal song, who spent all 
their davs in London, and loved it well. A few writers will 



X INTRODUCTION. 

be missed, who, although British, — as Burns, Lever, and the 
Kingsleys, — have little or no association with London ; 
while others have not been included, because, like Blake, 
they may be better known as painters, or, like Garrick, more 
famous as actors than as men of letters. These will find 
place, perhaps, in succeeding volumes, to be devoted to the 
artistic and dramatic memories of the metropolis. Living 
writers, of course, are not mentioned at all. 

For the convenience of those interested in any particular 
writer, it has been thought best to arrange the worlc in the 
alphabetical sequence of the authors' names, and not topo- 
graphically or chronologically; as is the ordinary plan ; and 
to add to the interest, an attempt has been made to let the 
different subjects of the work speak for themselves, or to let 
their contemporaries speak for them, wherever it is possible 
so to do, giving in every instance in the margin the authorities 
quoted. 

It is hoped that the full indices, local as well as personal, 
will enable the general reader to find, in any particular part 
of the town, what appeals to him most, and show him what 
is within his reach, no matter where he may be. By means 
of these, for example, it will be very easy, in walking with 
Johnson and Boswell from the club in Gerard Street through 
Long Acre and Bow Street, to Tom Davies's shop in Russell 
Street, Covent Garden, to call by the way on Dryden, Wycher- 
ley, Waller, Fielding, Charles Lamb, and Evelyn ; to stop for 
refreshments at Will's or Button's or Tom's with Steele, 
Addison, Colley Gibber, Pepys, Davenant, and Pope; and 
going a step or two further to utter a silent prayer perhaps 
in the Church of St. Paul, Covent Garden, for the repose of 
the souls of Butler, Wycherley, Mrs. Centlivre, and 'Peter 
Pindar/ who sleep within its gates. 

L. H. 

April 7, 1885. 



LITERARY LANDMARKS OF LONDON. 



LITERARY LANDMARKS OF LONDON. 



JOSEPH ADDISON. 

1672-1719. 

A LTHOUGH Addison wrote his name strongly and 
"^"^ clearly in the literature and politics of England in 
the eighteenth century, and although he was closely iden- 
tified with London, the traces he has left of his actual 
presence in the metropolis are few and slight. 

Concerning his London hom^m^ until his marriage in 
1716 and settlement in Holland House, his biographers ure 
strangely silent, and but little is to be gathered from the 
gossip of his contemporaries. It is only known that he lived 
in the Haymarket, in Kensington Square, in St. James's 
Place, St. James's Street, at Fulham, and at Chelsea. 

His earliest associations with London were with the 
Charter House School, to which, after studying under his 
father's eye at Lichfield and Salisbury, he was sent as a 
private pupil. Here he was carefully drilled in the classics, 
and here too he first made the acquaintance of Steele, with 
whom in after years he was so intimately connected. The 
Charter House School stood, through many generations of 
boys, in Charter House Square, Smithfield. In 1872 those 
portions of the grounds which belonged to the school itself 
were transferred to the Merchant Taylors' Company, by 
whom new school-buildings were erected; but the Charter 

1 



2 JOSEPH ADDISON. [1672-1719. 

House proper remained in 1885, as in Addison's day, with 
its chapel and cloisters, and its Pensioner's Hall, the home 
of the Poor Brethren, so familiar to all readers of 'The 
Newcomes.' 

Addison left the Charter House in 1687 to enter Queen's 
College, Oxford ; but he returned to London in 1 703, and 
found lodgings in the Hay market. 

Pope was one day taking his usual walk with Harte in the 
Haymarket, when he desired him to enter a little shop. 

Literary where, going up three pairs of stairs into a small 
room, Pope said, ' In this garret Addison wrote his 

"Campaign."' 

There is, unfortunately, no hint given by Pope, or by any 
of Addison's biographers, as to the position or number of 
Addison's Haymarket home.^ His mode of life at this period, 
however, is thus described : — 

We find it to have hee^he custom of Addison to. be scarcely 
ever unprovided of some retreat in the immediate neighborhood 

of London, where he might employ his evenings and 
Life^f Addi^ ^^^ leisure hours in study and the labor of composition ; 
son, chap, q^ satisfactory refutation of the injurious account given 

by Speiice, on the authority of Pope, which repre- 
sents him as habitually passing his evenings, often far into the 
night, in coffee-houses and taverns with a few convivial and ob- 
sequious companions. Sandy End, a hamlet of Fulham, was at 
this time [1707] his country retirement. He appears to have 
occupied apartments in a lodging or boarding house established 
at this place, whence several of the published letters of Steele 
are dated, written at times when he seems to have been the 
guest of Addison. 

When the time came to leave, Esmond marched 
Esmond^^ ^ homeward to his lodgings, and met Mr. Addison on the 

book ill. road, walking to a cottage which he had at Fulham, 
chap. IX. ' o ^ ^ 

the moon shining on his handsome serene face. ' What 
cheer, brother ? ' says Addison, laughing. ' I thought it was 



1672-1719,] JOSEPH ADDISON. 3 

a, footpad advancing in the dark, and behold, it is an old friend. 
We may shake hands. Colonel, in the dark ; 't is better than fight- 
ing by daylight. Why should we -quarrel because I am a Whig 
alid thou art a Tory ? Turn thy steps and walk with me to Ful- 
ham, where there is a nightingale still singing in the garden, and 
a cool bottle in a cave I know of. You shall drink to the Pre- 
tender, if you like. I will drink my liquor in my own way.' 

Letters of Addison to the young Earl of Warwick, dated 
simply at Chelsea, are said to have been written — but this 
is merely traditional — in Sandford Manor House, at one 
time the residence of Nell Gwynne. This house, standing 
in 1885, was a little south of King's Koad, towards the 
Thames. 

That Addison was living in the village of Kensington in 
1712, when Swift was his neighbor, there seems to 'be no 
question, although the site or the character of his house 
there is not now known. 

t 

The parish books do not give the name of Addison in either 
row (houses were not numbered in London till 1764), so that it 
is impossible to identify any particular dwelling now 
with the house of one of the kindest benefactors that Kensington 
society ever had. Still, it is pleasing to picture some- ^'^^^^^• 
where in the old square [Kensington Square] one of whom 
Thackeray, a hundred and forty years after, thus wrote from the 
same place : 'When this man looks from the world, whose weak- 
nesses he describes so benevolently, up to Heaven, which shines 
on us all, I can hardly fancy a human face lighted up with more 
serene rapture, or a human intellect thrilling with a purer love 
and adoration, than that of Joseph Addison.' 

Addison was married, in 1716, to the dowager Countess 
of Warwick ; and their courtship Johnson likens to that of 
Sir Eoger de Coverley with his disdainful widow. They 
do not seem to have been very happy in their union, which 
began and ended in the famous Holland House, Kensington 
Boad, Kensington, one of the most interesting spots in all 



4 JOSEPH ADDISON. [1672-1719, 

England for the sake of its literary associations, and still 
standing in its noble grounds, in 1885. 

Addison, according to the traditions of Holland House, used, 

when composing, to walk up and down the long gallery 

Moon?s Dia- there, with a bottle of wine at each end of it, which 

ry, Oct. 23, ]^q finished during the operation. There is a little 

white house, too, near the turnpike, to which he used 

to retire when the Countess was particularly troublesome. | 

This 'little white house' was the White Horse Inn, 
which stood on the corner of what have since been called 
Holland Lane and Kensington Road. It has disappeared ; 
but on its site was built, in 1866, a public house called the 
Holland Arms Inn, where were preserved, in 1885, the fine 
old mahogany fittings of the original tavern, — benches upon 
which Addison and Steele have often sat, and tables which 
have held their bottles and their elbows, and heard their 
familiar talk. 

It seems to have been in Holland House (for he died shortly 

afterwards) that Addison v/as visited by Milton's daughter, when 

he requested her to bring him some evidences of her 

Hunt's Old birth. The moment he beheld her he exclaimed : 

Court Sub- , , r 1 1 J 1 1 p ' 

urb, chap. * Madam, you need no other voucher ; your lace is a 
^^' sufilcient testimonial whose daughter you are.' It 

must have been very pleasing to Addison to befriend Milton's 
daughter, for he had been the first to popularize the great poet 
by his critiques on ' Paradise Lost,' in the ' Spectator.' 

Addison died in Holland House, June 17, 1719. 

The end of this useful life was now approaching. Addison 
had for some time been oppressed by shortness of breath, which 

was now aggravated by a dropsy, and, finding his dan- 
L^ves'of the g^^ pressing, he prepared to die conformably to his 
Poets: Q^j^ precepts and professions. . . . Lord Warwick 

[his step-son] was a young man of very irregular life, 
and perhaps of loose opinions. Addison, for whom he did not 



1672-1719.] JOSEPH ADDISON. f 5 

want respect, had very diligently endeavored to reclaim him, but 
his arguments and expostulations had no effect. One experi- 
ment, however, remained to be tried. When he found his life 
near its end, he directed the young Lord to be called, and when 
he desired, with great tenderness, to hear his last injunction, told 
him : 'I have sent for you that you may see how a Christian 
can die.' 

This account of Addison's last hours is not entirely 
credited by later writers. Hunt, in his ^ Old Court Sub- 
urb ' (chap. XV.), says : — 

The story originated with Young, who said he had it from 
Tickell, adding that the Earl led an irregular life which Addison 
wished to reclaim. But, according to Malone, who was a scrupu- 
lous inquirer, there is no evidence of the Earl's having led any 
such life ; and Walpole, in one of his letters that were published 
not long ago, startled — we should rather say shocked — the 
world by telling them that Addison died of brandy. It is ac- 
knowledged by his best friends that the gentle moralist, whose 
bodily temperament was a sorry one as his mind was otherwise, 
had gradually been tempted to stimulate it with wine till he 
became intemperate in the indulgence. It is impossible to say 
what other stimulants might not gradually have crept in ; nor is 
it impossible that during the patient's last hours the physician 
himself might have ordered them. 

It was but fitting that Addison, whose description of 
Westminster Abbey has been written in letters that cannot 
fade, should have found a resting-place within its walls, to 
await there, as he expresses it ('Spectator,' jNTo. 26), 'that 
great day wh6n we shall all of us be contemporaries, and 
make our appearance together.' He was buried in the 
north aisle of Henry the Seventh's Chapel ; but his grave 
was unmarked for nearly a century, and the monument to 
his memory in the Poets' Corner was not erected until 1808. 

Addison's body lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, and 
was borne thence to the Abbey at dead of night. The choir 



Q JOSEPH ADDISON. [1672-1719. 

sanw a funeral hymn. Bishop Atterbury, one of those Tories wha 
had loved and honored the most accomplished of the 
Es^says,^^ ^ Whigs, met the corpse, and led the procession by torch- 
voi. lu. -^gj^^ round the shrine of St. Edward, and the graven 

of the Plantagenets, to the Chapel of Henry VII. 

Addison, even after his marriage, as has been seen, was 
not one of the most domestic of men ; and it is easier now 
to trace him to his clubs and his taverns than to his own 
firesides. 

Addison^s chief companions, before he married Lady Warwick, 
were Steele, Davenant, etc. He used to breakfast with 

Spence s ' ' , 

Anecdotes : one or other of them at his lodgings in St. James's 

!PoT)G S6C— 

tionv.,1737- Place, dine at taverns with them, then to Button's, 
^^' and then to some tavern again for supper in the even- 

ing ; and this was then the usual round of his life. 

Addison studied all morning, then dined at a tavern, and 
went afterwards to Button's. Button had been a servant in the 

Countess of Warwick's family, who [sic], under the 
Lives' 'S the patronage of Addison, kept a coffee-house on the south 
d^cm * ^^ ^^^^ ^^ Eussell Street, about two doors from Covent 

Garden. Here it was that the wits of that time used 
to assemble. It is said that when Addison had suffered any 
vexation from the Countess he withdrew the company from But- 
ton's house. Prom this coffee-house he went again to a tavern, 
where he often sat late and drank too much wine. 

It is reported to have been one of the most exquisite entertain- 
ments to the choice spirits, in the beginning of this [eighteenth] 

century, to get Addison and Steele together in com- 
nofss^u?" pany for the evening. Steele entertained them till 
No. 92. jjg .^^^g ti-psj, when the same wine that stupefied 

him only served to elevate Addison, who took up the ball just a» 
Steele dropped it, and kept it up for the rest of the evening. 

Addison frequented also the Devil Tavern in Fleet 
Street, opposite St. Dunstan's Church, the famous Devil 
Tavern of Ben Jonson (q. v.). Child's Bank, No. 1 Fleet 
Street, stands, upon its site. 



1672-1719. j JOSEPH ADDISON. ^T 

I dined to-day [October 1-2] with Dr. Garth and Mr. Addison 
at the Devil Tavern, near Temple Bar ; and Garth ^ . 
treated. And it is well I dine every day, else I should Journal to 
be longer making out my letters. . . . Mr. Addison's ' 

election has passed easy and undisputed, and I believe if he had 
a mind to be chosen King he would not be refused. 

Addison himself, in the ' Spectator,' tells of his familiarity 
with other well-known lo^nging-places of his day : — 

Sometimes I am seen thrusting my head into a round of 
politicians at Will's, and listening with great attention to the 
narratiA^es that are made in those little circular audi- spectator 
ences. Sometimes I smoke a pipe at Child's, and ■^°- ^• 
while I seem attentive to nothing but the ' Postman,' overhear the 
conversation of every table in the room. I " appear on Sunday 
nights at the St. James's Coffee House, and sometimes join the 
committee of politics in the inner room as one who comes there 
to hear and improve. My face is likewise very well known in 
the Grecian, the Cocoa Tree, and in the theatres. 

Will's Coffee House, the father of the modern Club, 
played a very important part in the literature of the seven- 
teenth and eighteenth centuries. It was on the northwest 
corner of Eussell Street and Bow Street, Covent Garden, and 
included the two adjoining houses, one in each street. The 
old house, J^o. 21 Russell Street, still standing in 1885, is 
no doubt one of the original buildings. 

Of Child's, in St. Paul's Churchyard, there is no trace left 
to-day, and even its exact site is unknown. The St. James's 
Coffee House was ' the last house but one on the southwest 
corner of St. James's Street, facing Pall Mall,' and was taken 
down in 1806. The Grecian stood on the site of a portion 
of Eldon Chambers, Devereux Court, Strand, between Essex 
Court and New Court in the Temple. It is marked by a 
tablet, and a bust of Essex, said to be the work of Caius 
Gabriel Gibber ; and the Grecian Chambers at its back per- 
petuate its name. The Cocoa Tree Tavern stood at No. 64 



8 JOSEPH ADDISON. [1672-1719. 

St. James's Street, Piccadilly, where the Cocoa Tree Club 
afterwards was built. 

Among his other places of resort were Squire's Coffee 
House in Fulwood's Rents, No. 34 High Holborn, where 
were, in 1885, old houses dating back to Addison's time; 
Serle's Coffee House, on the corner of Serle and Portugal 
Streets, Lincoln's Inn Fields, the old-fashioned door-posts of 
which were preserved in the stationer's shop on its site in 
1885 ; " Dick's," No. 8 Fleet Street, a modernized French 
restaurant in 1885, the windows of whose square room at 
the back looked on the trees of Hare Court in the Temple ; 
and the Bull and Bush, a quaint and picturesque old coun- 
trified inn, still Standing in 1885, at the bottom of North 
End Road, Hammersmith. 

Addison, after his return from the Continent in 1704, 
joined the famous Kit Kat Club, which was 'composed of 
thirty-nine noblemen and gentlemen, zealously attached to 
the Protestant succession of the House of Hanover.' It 
met originally in Shire Lane, at the Cat and Fiddle, which 
is said to have been called subsequently the Trumpet, and 
as such, is mentioned by Steele in the ' Tatler.' Still later 
it was known as the Duke of York's. With the street in which 
it stood, it has long since disappeared. Shire Lane itself, 
afterwards called Lower Serle's Place, was swept out of ex- 
istence in 1868, with feome thirty other disreputable lanes 
and alleys, to make way for the new Law Courts in Fleet 
Street and the Strand. It was on the east side of the pres- 
ent buildings, and had several outlets into the Strand at or 
near Temple Bar. Its reputation was always bad, and in 
the reign of the first James it was known as Rogue's Lane. 

Spence's You have heard of the Kit Kat Club. . . . The 

Anecdotes : ■, r^^ ' 

Pope. master of the house where the club met was Christo- 

pher Kat. . . . Steele, Addison, Congreve, Garth, Vanbrugh, 
etc., were of it. . . . Jacob [Tonson] had his own and all their 



1672-1719.] JOSEPH ADDISON. 9 

pictures by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Each member gave his ; and 

he is going to build a room for them at Barn-Elms. 

The forty-two pictures presented by the members of this club 

to Tonson the bookseller were removed by him in the beginning 

of the last century to Barn-Elms, and placed near his smith's 

house, in a handsome room lately standing on the Antiquarian 
\ f T-r TT -n T T T . ■. Rambles in 

grounds oi Henry Hoare, Esq. It was uned with red London, 

cloth, and measured forty feet in length, twenty in 
width, and eighteen in height. At the death of Mr. Tonson, in 
1736, they became the property of his great-nephew, who died 
in 1767. They were then removed to Water Oakley, near Wind- 
sor, and afterwards to Mr, Baker's, in Hertingfordbury. 

Barn-Elms was at Barnes on the Thames, between Putney 
and Mortlake. Copies of the Kit Kat portrait of Addison 
are in the National Portrait Gallery, South Kensington, and 
in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The club met later at the 
King's Arms Tavern, which stood on the north side of Pall 
Mall, near the Haymarket, and on the site of the Opera 
Colonnade. It went out of existence as a club early in the 
eighteenth century. Its place of summer resort was the 
Upper Flask, a tavern on the edge of Hampstead Heath, 
which has been for many years a private house. It was on 
the corner of East Heath Road in 1885 ; its old entrance- 
hall and low-ceilinged rooms still unchanged, although many 
additions and alterations had been made. And in its 
gardens, nearly opposite the Pool, stood, until destroyed in 
the great storm of Christmas, 1876, the famous mulberry- 
tree, showing every sign of its gray old age, under which 
had sat, through so many Arcadian afternoons, Addison, 
Pope, Steele, Congreve, and their compeers, when, because 
of their presence, 

* Hampstead, towering in superior sky, 
Did with Parnassus in honor vie.' 



10 MAEK AKENSLDE. [1721-1770. 



MAKK AKENSIDK 

1721-1770. 

A KENSIDE came to London in 1747, when he took 
•^"^ up his residence for a year or two in the house of 
his warm friend and patron, Jeremiah Dyson, on the top 
of Golder's Hill, near North End, Fulham. In 1749 or 
1750, through Dyson's generosity, he was established as 
a practising physician in Bloomsbury Square. 

Mr. Dyson parted with his villa at North End, and settled 

his friend [Akenside] in a sensible house in Blooms- 

Hampstead buiy Square, assigning him, with unexampled liber- 

^ ^'P- • ality, ^£300 a year, which enabled him to keep a 

chariot and make a proper appearance in the world. 

Although Bucke, in his ' Life of Akenside,' says that the 
remainder of his life was passed in Bloomsbury Square, 
he is known to have been living in Craven Street, Strand, 
in 1759, before houses were numbered; and in 1762 he 
took a house in Old Bnrlington Street, Burlington Gardens, 
where, in 1770, he died. He was buried in an unmarked 
grave in St. James's Church, Piccadilly. 

Akenside, in 1759, was appointed physician to St. 
Thomas's Hospital, then situated in Southwark, on the 
Borough High Street, between Thomas, Denman, and Joiner 
Streets. It was removed in 1871. Akenside's favorite re- 
sorts were Serle's Coffee House, on the corner of Serle and 
Portugal Streets (see Addison, p. 8) ; the Grecian, Devereux 
Court, Strand (see Addison, p. 7) ; and Tom's Coffee House, 
also in Devereux Court, which no longer exists, but which is 



1560-61-1626.] FRANCIS BACON. > H 

not to be confounded with the Tom's of Russell Street, Co- 
vent Garden. He was also frequently to be found at the 
sign of The TuUy's Head, the book-shop of Eobert Dodsley, 
and a popular meeting-place of men of letters in London for 
several generations. It stood at the present JS^o. 51 Pall 
Mall, ' the house with the archway leading into King's 
Place.' King's Place, running from King Street to Pall 
Mall, and subsequently called Pall Mall Place for some mys- 
terious reason, was arched over, in 1885, by an old house; 
but no book-shop existed there, although there were book- 
dealers in plenty in its immediate neighborhood. 



FEANCIS BACOK 

1560-61-1626. 

TI) AGON was born at York House, on the Thames, in 
-*-^ January, 1560-61, and christened in the old Church 
of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, standing on the site of the 
present structure. 

He returned to York House in later years, and lived 
there for a time as Lord Chancellor of England, when it 
is recorded that in 1620 he kept his birthday in great 
splendor and magnificence, Ben Jonson celebrating the occa- 
sion by a ' short performance in verse.' 

Lord Bacon, being in Yorke House garden looking on fishers 
throwing their nett, asked them what they would take for their 
draught. They answered so much. His lordship j^^-^^^ -g 
would offer them no more, hut so much. They drew Lives of 
up their nett, and in it were only two or three little Persons : 
fishes. His lordship told them it had been better for ^^^''°' 
them to have taken his offer. They replied they hoped to have 



12 FRANCIS BACON. [1660-61-1626, 

had a better draught. But said his lordship : Hope is a good 

breakfast, hut an ill supper. , 

York House, afterwards the property of the Dukes of 
Buckingham, when it was still called York House, stood 
on the site of George Court, and of Villiers, Duke, and 
Buckingham Streets, Strand ; its later tenants perpetuating 
their names and their occupancy of the mansion in that 
way. Nothing is left of it now but the grand old water- 
gate at the foot of Buckingham Street, the work of Inigo 
Jones ; although portions of the old house, with the original 
highly decorated ceilings, were preserved until 1863, when 
the erection of the Charing Cross Railway Station and 
Hotel wiped them completely out of existence. 

In 1592 Bacon entertained Queen Elizabeth at Twicken- 
ham Park, Twickenham, but his house has been taken down. 
The estate is covered with villas; and no trace of it, as it 
existed at that time, remains. 

Bacon was married, in 1606, at the Chapel of St. Maryle- 
bone, described by Hepworth Dixon, in his 'Personal His- 
tory of Bacon,' as standing then ' two miles from the Strand^ 
among the lanes and suburbs wandering towards the foot 
of Hampstead Hill.' This church was on the site of the 
parish church built in 1741 on Marylebone Road, near Mary- 
lebone High Street. 

Bacon was a member of Gray's Inn, and occupied cham- 
bers there for many years. 

Lord Bacon, whom we have already mentioned as a member 
of Gray's Inn, lived at No. 1 Coney Court, which was unfor- 
Jesse's tunately burnt down in 1678, The site is occupied 

nrfarajJ^f ■ ^y t^^ present [1868] row of buildings at the west end 
Inn. - of Gray's Inn Square, adjoining the gardens in which 
the great philosopher took such delight. 

He is said to have designed these gardens, and to have 
planted the old catalpa-tree still standing there in 1885. 



1560-61-1626.] FRANCIS BACON. 13 

Bacon is said to have found a temporary retreat at 
Parson's Green, Fulham; but the character of the Green 
has greatly changed of late years (see Eichardson), and 
neither the biographers of Bacon nor the local historians 
give any decided information as to the positive site of his 
Fulham home. 

When the great Lord Bacon fell into disgrace, and was for- 
bidden to appear at Court, be procured a license, dated September 
13, 1621, to retire for six weeks to the house of his Brayiey's 
friend. Sir John Vaughan. at Parson's Green, who jj'JSc^JJJeT^ 
'probably resided in the bouse now [1816] occupied vol. v. 
by Mr. Maxwell as a boarding-school, a spacious mansion, built 
in tbat st}de of architecture which prevailed at tbe commence- 
ment of the reign of James I. 

Bacon died at the house of the Earl of Arundel, at High- 
gate, April 9, 1626, and was buried in St. Michael's Church, 
within the precincts of old Verulam. 

The cause of his lordsbip's death was trying an experiment as 
he was taking aire in the coach of Dr. Witherborne, a Aubrey's 
Scotchman, physitian to the King. Towards Higbgate '^'^'^^^■ 
Bnow lay on the ground, and it came into my lord's thoughts why 
flesh migbt not be preserved in snow as in salt. They were re- 
solved they would try the experiment. Presently they alighted 
out of the coach, and went into a poore woman's house at the 
bottom of Higbgate Hill, and bought a hen, and made her exen- 
terate, and then stuffed the bodie with snow, and my lord did 
help to doe it himself. The snow so chilled him that he immedi- 
ately fell so ill that he could not return to his lodgings (I suppose 
then at Gray's Inn), but Went to the Earl of Arundel's house at 
Highgate, where they put him into a good bed, warmed with a 
panne ; but it was a dampe bed that had not been layn in for 
about a year before, which gave him such a colde that in two 
or three days he died of suffocation. 

Arundel House stood on the slope of Highgate Hill. It 
is known to have been occupied as a school in its later days* 



14 JOANNA BAILLIE. [1762-1851. 

and according to Thorne, in his 'Hand-Book of the Envi- 
rons of London,' it was pulled down in 1825 ; but neither 
Thorne nor any other writers upon the subject have been 
able to discover its exact position. 

Eliza No account of the site of Lord Arundel's house at 

Hallowed^ Highgate has been preserved. To clear up this point, 
Spots of _^j.^ Montague made many inquiries, though to no pur- 
London, pose. We have likewise sought in vain. It is sup- 
posed, however, to have been the most considerable 
house in the parish. 



JOAITNA BAILLIE. 

l'762-1851. 

^^T^HE Baillies came to London in 1791, when they lived 
-*- in Great Windmill Street, Piccadilly, in the house of 
their brother. Dr. Matthew Baillie, who took possession 
of it after the death of their uncle, the famous Dr. Hunter. 
It was a large, square, double house, on the east side, 
standing back from the street, and was numbered 16 in 
1885. 

In 1802 they went to Eed Lion Hill, Hampstead, and 
on the death of their mother, in 1806, they took Bolton 
House, at Hampstead, where they spent the remainder of 
their uneventful lives, and where at the end of half a cen- 
tury they died. Bolton House, still standing in 1.885, was 
a quiet, picturesque, old-fashioned mansion, on the top of 
Windmill Hill, built of red brick and three stories in height. 
It was the centre house of a row of three companion build- 
ings, facing the Holly Bush Inn, and at the end of the street 
called Hollv Hill. 



1762-1851.] JOANNA BAILLIE. 15 

Joanna Baillie lived many years at Hampsteacl, in Bolton 
House, on Windmill Hill, a Kttle below the Clock House. Per- 
haps no person of literary distinction ever led a more 
secluded and unambitious life so near the metropolis. Howftt's 
In the society of her sister, Miss Agnes Baillie, she Hefht^^f 
seemed to care but little whether the world forgot London: 
her or not. But of this forgetfulness there was no 
danger. Every man of pre-eminent genius delighted to do her 
honor. The last time I saw the poet Eogers he was returning 
from a call on Joanna Baillie. 

Henry Crabb Robinson thus describes a visit to Joanna 
Baillie, in May, 1812 : — 

We [Wordsworth and Robinson] met Miss Joanna Baillie and 
accompanied her home. She is small in figure, and her gait is 
mean and shuffling, but her manners are those of a well-bred lady. 
She has none of the unpleasant airs too common to literary 
ladies. Her conversation is sensible. . . . Wordsworth said of 
her with warmth : 'If I had to present to a foreigner an 3'- one 
as a model of an English gentlewoman, it would be Joanna 
Baillie.' 

Joanna Baillie was buried in an altar tomb surrounded by 
iron railings, in Hampstead Churchyard, on the southeast 
side of the church, and near the gate and the churchyard 
wall. Within the church a mural tablet has been erected 
to her memory. Agnes Baillie, who survived her sister ten 
years, lived to the great age of an hundred and one. She 
lies in the same grave. 



16 ANNA LETITIA EARBAULD. [1743-1825. 



I 



ANNA LETITIA BAEBAULD. 

1743-1825. 

N 1785 Mrs. Barbauld was living with her husband at 
Well Walk, Hampstead ; and there the ' Correspondence 
of Richardson ' was edited and given to the public. Later, 
she occupied a house on the west side of Rosslyn Hill, Hamp- 
stead, while Mr. Barbauld, a dissenting minister, preached 
in the Presbyterian chapel on the High Street there. This 
chapel was taken down in 1828. His next charge was at 
Newington Green ; and - his chapel on the north side of the 
Green, built in 1708, enlarged in 1860, was still standing in 
1885. Mrs. Barbauld died in Church Street, Stoke Newing- 
ton, in 1825, and was buried near the southern entrance of 
Stoke Newington Churchyard. 



EICHARD BAXTER. 

1615-1691. 

'T^HE domestic life of Baxter was very happy, but as un- 
■*■ settled as the times in which he lived. He was fre- 
quently in London, and had many temporary homes in and 
about the city. He was married, September 10, 1662, to 
Margaret Charlton, — ' A Breviate ' of whose life he wrote, 
— in the Church of St. Bennet Fink, Broad Street Ward, 
near Finch Lane, Cornhill. This church was destroyed in 
the Great Fire, fcrar years later. 



1616-1691.] RICHARD BAXTER. 17 

For some years after the Restoration Baxter lived at Acton, 
a village on the Uxbridge Road, five miles beyond the Marble 
Arch, in a house no longer standing, and only described as 
being ' near the Church.' While here he was arrested and 
confined for a short time in the King's Bench Prison, then 
on the east side of the Borough High Street, Southwark, 
immediately adjoining the Marshalsea (see Dickens). This 
building was taken down towards the close of the last cen- 
tury ; and the new prison, built on the Borough Road, cor- 
ner of Blackman Street, not very far distant, has itself since 
disappeared. Of his life here he wrote : — 

My imprisonment was no great suffering to m«, for I had an 
honest jailer who showed me all the kindness he could. I had a 
large room and liberty to walk in a fair garden, and my wife was 
never so cheerful a companion to me as in prison, and was very 
much against my seeking to be relieved, and she brought me so 
many necessaries that we kept house as contentedly and comfort- 
ably as at home, though in a narrower room ; and I had a sight of 
more friends in a day than I had at home in half a year. 

His wife died in his * most pleasant and convenient 
house' in Southampton Square, now Bloomsbury Square, 
in 1681. 

He preached and lectured frequently in London : in the 
old church, of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, Fleet Street, just 
inside Temple Bar; in St. Mary Magdalen's, Milk Street, 
Cheapside, destroyed in the Great Fire, and never rebuilt; 
in Park Street, Southwark, ' not far from the Brewery ' (of 
Barclay and Perkins) ; in Swallow Street, Piccadilly ; in 
Pinner's Hall, and in St. James's Market Place. 

After the indulgence in 1672, he returned into the city, and 
was one of the Tuesday lecturers in Pinner's Hall, and 
had a Friday lecture in Fetter Lane [near Neville Britannica: 
Court]; but on the Lord's days he for some time ^^^*^^- 
preached only occasionally, and afterwards more statedly, in St. 

2 



18 RICHARD BAXTER. [1616-1691. 

James's Market Place, where, in 1671, he had a wonderful deliv- 
ery, by almost a miracle, from a crack in the floor. 

Swallow Street ran from Piccadilly in a direct line to 
Oxford Street, a few yards west of what has since been called 
Oxford Circus. Its site is the present Eegent Street, built 
in 1813 to connect Carlton House with Regent's Park» 
Strype described it as * being very long . . . but of no 
great account for buildings or inhabitants.' Swallow Street^ 
Piccadilly, and Swallow Place, Oxford Street, perpetuated its 
name as late as 1885. Of course no traces of Baxter's 
chapels remain, either here or in the neighborhood of Park 
Street, the enormous works of the great brewing firm having 
replaced whole blocks of houses in Southwark (see Shak- 
spbre). 

Pinner's Hall stood behind Pinner's Court, No. 54J Old 
Broad Street. The modern Pinner's Hall, on the corner of 
Old Broad and Great Winchester Streets, and built partly 
on its site, was, in 1885, entirely devoted to business 
purposes. 

St. James's Market, very much curtailed, stood, in 1885, 
in the block of buildings between Jermyn Street, Charles 
Street, the present Regent Street, and the Haymarket. 

Another of his chaj)els was in Oxendon Street, on the west 
side, near Coventry Street. It backed upon the gardens 
of Mr. Secretary Coventry, who was not in sympathy with 
Baxter, or his form of worship, and who drove the congrega- 
tion to other quarters by the disturbances he caused to bo 
made under the chapel windows. This building stood until 
within a few years, and was latterly the home of a Scottish 
congregation. 

Baxter spent the last years of his life in Charter House 
Lane, where he died December 8, 1691. He was buried, 
a few days later, in Christ Church, Newgate Street, by the 
side of his wife, 'next to the old altar, or table, in the 



1585-1615-16.] FEANCIS BEAUMONT. 19 

chancel.' On his tomb was inscribed ' The Saint's Rest,* 
but no trace of it is now to be found. 

Among the many houses demoHshed in 1864, for the piu^oses 
of the Metropolitan Meat Market and Metropolitan Railway- 
Extensions, was that in which once resided, and where 
died, this eminent Non-conformist minister [Baxter], nStory of 
in 1691. The dwelling stood for many years ; and ^p^endix:^*^ 
although it was frequently repaired, the larger portion 
of it remained until 1864, on the eastern side of Charter House 
Lane, near to the Charter House. 

Charter House Lane was the eastern end of the present 
Charter House Street, running from St. John Street to the 
Square. 



FEANCIS BEAUMONT. 

1585-1615-16. 

TI) EAUMONT was entered a member of the Inner Temple 
■*-^ November 3, 1600; but of his life in London little is 
known, and that only during his association with Fletcher 
(see Fletcher). Aubrey says : — ""^^ 

There was a wonderful consimilarity of phansy between him 
and Mr. Jo. Fletcher, which caused that dearnesse of friendship 
between them. I thinke they were both of Queene's Coll, in 
Cambridge. I have heard Dr. Jo. Earle say, who knew them, 
that his maine business was to correct the overflowing of Mr. 
Fletcher's witt. They lived together on the Bankside, not 
far from the Play House. . . . [They had] the same deaths 
and cloaks &tc. between them. 

The Play House was the Globe Theatre, the site of which 
is now covered by the Brewery of Barclay and Perkins, 



20 ROBERT BLOOMFIELD. [1766-1823. 

near South wark Bridge Eoad (see Shakspere). There re- 
mained in 1885 a number of quaint, plastered, two-storied 
houses on the Bankside, which were old enough to have 
harbored these twin spirits. 

Tradition says that Beaumont and Fletcher were fre- 
quenters of the Mermaid Tavern in Cheapside, where Jon- 
son and Shakspere were their companions (see Jonson). 
Beaumont was buried, according to the Register of West- 
minster Abbey, ' at the entrance of St. Benedict's Chapel, 
March 9, 1615-16.' He lies near Chaucer, in an unmarked 
grave. 



EOBEET BLOOMFIELD. 

1766-1823- 

"p OBERT BLOOMFIELD, the son of a tailor, came to 
-''-^ London in 1781 to learn the shoemaker's trade. He 
lodged first, in a very humble way, at No. 7 Pitcher's 
Court, Great Bell Alley, Coleman Street, City ; and later 
in Blue Hart Court, in the same alley. The character 
of the alley and its courts has entirely changed during 
the century that has passed, and no traces of any of his 
homes here are left. 

After his marriage, in 1790, and w^hile working at his 
cobbler's bench in Great Bell Yard, he wrote 'The Farm- 
er's Boy.' 

Cunning- I ^^"^ ^^ ^^* Upcott's hand the poet's shop card, 

ham's Hand- neatlv enofraved and inscribed ' Bloomfield, Ladies' 

Book of " ^ 

London : Shoe Maker, No. 14 Great Bell Yard, Coleman Street, 
street. The best real Spanish Leather at reasonable prices.' 

Great Bell Yard was opposite Great Bell Alley ; but its 
name has been changed to Telegraph Street, and it has been 



1740-1795.] JAMES BOSWELL. 21 

entirely rebuilt. No. 14 Telegraph Street was in 1885 a 
very new and glaring white glazed tile structure, let out as 
offices, and called ' The White House.' 



JAMES BOSWELL. 

1740-1795. 

/^F Boswell's life in London, so closely identified with 
^-^ that of the subject of his famous biography, but little 
is to be said, except in connection with Dr. Johnson (q. v.). 

He came to the metropolis in 1760, and first 'met 
Johnson, in May, 1763, at the shop of Tom Davies, No. 8 
Russell Street, Covent Garden (see Johnson). In July 
of the same year he removed from Downing Street to 
Hhe bottom of Inner Temple Lane,' where Johnson was liv- 
ing, in order to be nearer to the object of his devotion. His 
chambers w^ere in Farrar's Building, now rebuilt ; Johnson's, 
at No. 1 Inner Temple Lane, opposite, are also rebuilt. 

In 1768 Boswell was in Half Moon Street, Piccadilly; in 
1769, in Old Bond Street, where on the 16th of October he 
entertained Johnson, Reynolds, Garrick, and Goldsmith ; and 
in 1772 he was lodging in Conduit Street. 

He died at No. 47 Great Portland Street, Oxford Street, 
in 1795. This street has been extended, renumbered and 
rebuilt. Boswell's house was on the east side, the seventh 
from the corner of Marylebone Street, towards Langham 
Street, then Queen Anne Street. 

He was buried at his family seat in Scotland. 

Johnson succeeded in electing Boswell a member of The 
Club (see Goldsmith and Johnson). 



22 CHARLOTTE BRONTE. [1816-1855. 

Life and I was Well pleased to meet The Club for the first 

Lord^^ time. ... I was amused, in turning over the rec- 

Macaulay, ^^^^ ^j.- rp|^^ qI^^]^^ ^^ ^,^5^^ ^^p^^^ p^^j, Bozzy's sigua- 

chap. viii. -t^rg^ evidently affixed when he was too drunk to 
guide his pen. 



CHAKLOTTE BEONTE. 

1816-1855. 

WHEN Charlotte and Anne Bronte came to London 
in 1848, without male escort, they stopped at the 
Chapter Coffee House, No. 50 Paternoster Row, the tavern 
frequented by their father, the only one of which they had 
any knowledge in the metropolis, and to which, as guests 
perhaps, no other women ever went. Erom here they 
sallied out to see their publisher, and astonish him with 
their identity as the authors of ' Jane Eyre ' and ' The 
Tenant of Wildfell Hall.' Although Charlotte afterwards 
made short visits to London, and was entertained by Rogers 
and other noted men, she gives no hint in her letters as to 
where she lodged in later years. The Chapter Coffee House 
was in existence in 1885, as a place of refreshment, and 
but little changed (see Chatterton).® 

Half-way up, on the left-hand side [of Paternoster Row], is 

the Chapter Coffee House. I visited it last June [1856]. It was 

■jj^,g then unoccupied. It had the appearance of a dwelling- 

Gaskell's house two hundred years old or so, such as one some- 
Life of . . . "^ . .1 -T n 

Charlotte times sees m ancient country towns ; the ceilings oi 
voMi!' the small rooms were low, and had heavy beams run- 
chap, ii. nins across them ; the walls were wainscoted, breast- 
high ; the stairs were shallow, broad, and dark, taking up much 
space in the centre of the house. The gray-haired elderly 



1803-1873.] BULWER LYTTON. 23 

man who officiated as waiter seems to have been touched from 
the very first by the quiet simplicity of the two ladies, and he 
tried to make them feel comfortable and at home in the long, low, 
dingy room upstairs. The high narrow windows looked into the 
gloomy Eow ; the sisters, clinging together in the most remote 
window-seat (as Mr. Smith tells me he found them when he 
came that Saturday evening to take them to the Opera), could see 
nothing of motion or of change in the grim dark houses opposite, 
so near and close, although the whole breadth of the Row was 
between. 



BULWEE LYTTON" • 

1803-1873. 

T3ULWER was born at No. 31 Baker Street, a three- 
-■^ storied plain brick house, standing in 1885, on the 
east side and next to the corner of Dorset Street ; but 
in his youth his mother lived in Montague Square, in Not- 
tingham Place, Marylebone, and at No. 5 Upper Seymour 
(now Seymour) Street, Portman Square, corner of Berkeley 
Mews, and numbered 10 in 1885. His first school was at 
Fulham, where he remained only a fortnight ; his second at 
Sunbury, in Middlesex, fifteen miles from London, where, as 
he says in his Autobiography, he * wasted two years.' 

In 1829 he purchased and furnished the house No. 36 
Hertford Street, Park Lane, to which he took his wife and 
infant daughter. It was unchanged in 1885, In 1837 a 
letter of Eulwer's was dated from * The Albany ' (see 
Byron, p. 32). 

In the year 1839 James Smith, in a letter, relates : *I dined 
yesterday with E. L. Bulwer at his new residence in Charles 
Street, Berkeley Square, a splendidly and classically fitted up 



24 BTJLWER LYTTON. [1803-1873. 

mansion. One of the drawing-rooms is si. facsimile of a chamber 
which our host visited at Pompeii. Vases, candelabra, chairs, 
tables to correspond. He lighted a perfumed pastille modelled 
from Vesuvius. As soon as the cone of the mountain 
Wits and ^ began to blaze I found myself an inhabitant of the 
Humorists, ^^voted city. . . .' There must be some mistake in 
James this record : the house in Charles Street on the north 

Smith, . -i . . , . , T IT f. 

side IS certainly not a mansion, but a dwelling oi 
moderate size, and the Running Footman public house. 

At the time of the publication of 'Zanoni,' in 1841, Bul- 
wer was living at No. 1 Park Lane, in a house since rebuilt. 

Dr. Charles J. B. Williams, in his ' Recollections,' pub- 
lished in 1884, thus speaks of Bulwer, who was one of his 
patients : — "* 

When I visited him at his residence in Park Lane, even on 
entrance at the outer door, I began to find myself in an atmos- 
phere of perfume, or rather of perfume mixed with tobacco fume. 
On proceeding further through a long corridor and anteroom the 
fume waxed stronger, and on entrance to the presence chamber, 
on a divan at the further end, through a haze of smoke loomed his 
lordship's figure, wrapt in an Oriental dressing-robe, with a 
colored fez, and half recKned upon the ottoman. 

In 1843 Bulwer occupied Craven Cottage at Fulham, 
on the banks of the Thames, just beyond the Bishop of 
London's Meadows. It stood in 1885, a complete but 
picturesque ruin, and must have been, in its day, a very 
remarkable specimen of fantastic architecture, embracing 
the Persian, Gothic, Moorish, and Egyptian styles. In the 
library Bulwer is said to have written more than one of his 
novels. He lived later in life at No. 12 Grosvenor Square, 
on the north side. He died at Torquay, and was buried 
from his own house, Grosvenor Square, in Westminster 
Abbey. 

His favorite club was the Athenaeum, on the southwest 
corner of Pall Mall and Waterloo Place. 



1628-1688.] JOHN BUNYAN. 25 



JOHN BUNYAN. 

1628-1688. 

JOHN BUNYAN during his lifetime had few associations 
with London, although his bones lie not very far from 
those of the author of ' Robinson Crusoe ' in the Cemetery 
of Bunhill Fields. He made occasional professional visits 
to town, however, when he usually preached in the meeting- 
house in Zoar Street, Southwark, *near the sign of the 
Faulcon ' (see Shaksperb) . This Zoar Chapel was about 
one hundred feet from Gravel Lane, on the left hand 
of the street going towards that lane. It was used as a 
wheelwright's shop after Bunyan's time ; and when it was 
d«stroyed, its pulpit was carried to the Methodist Chapel in 
Palace Yard, Lambeth. Bunyan gathered together congre- 
gations of three thousand persons on Sundays, and twelve 
or fifteen hundred on week days. 

There is a tradition that he had lodgings at one time 
on London Bridge, but there seems to be but little foun- 
dation for the story. While he was on one of these visits 
to town, in 1688, he died at the house of his friend 
Mr. Strudwick, a grocer, 'at the Sign of the Star on 
Snow Hill.' Robert Philips, in his 'Life of Bunyan' 
(chap, xlv.), quotes, from a manuscript in the Library of 
the British Museum, the following account of his death : — 

Taking a tedious joiu?ney in a slabby, rainy day, and return- 
ing late to London, he was entertained by one Mr. Strudwick, a 
grocer on Snow Hill, with all the kind endearments of a lovins 
friend, but soon found himself indisposed with a kind of shaking, 
as it were an ague, which increasing to a kind of fever, he took 



26 JOHN BUNYAN. [1628-1688. 

to Ms bed, where, growing worse, he found that he had not long 
to last in this world, and therefore prepared himself for another, 
towards which he had been journeying as a Pilgrim and Stranger 
upon earth the x^rime of his days. 

Snow Hill, in the seventeenth century, is described as 
having been a circuitous highway, between Holborn Bridge 
and Newgate, very narrow, very steep, and very dangerous. 
Pink, in his ' History of Clerkenwell,' believes that the house 
in which Bunyan died must have been removed when Skin- 
ner Street was formed, in 1802, if it existed so long as that. 
Skinner Street ran by the south side of St. Sepulchre's 
Church, but was itself wiped out of existence when the Hol- 
born Viaduct was built. It would appear, therefore, that 
the Sign of the Star was directly under the eastern pier of 
the Viaduct. 

An altar tomb with his recumbent figure upon it, on the 
southern side of Bunhill Fields Burial Ground, City Road, 
has been erected to Bunyan's memory, although there seenis 
to be some doubt as to where he was actually buried there. 

He was interred at first in the back part of that ground 
known as 'Baptists' Corner.' The tradition (and I think the 
Philips' Life P^'o^^^ili^y) is, "that his friend Mr. Strudwick 'had 
of Bunyan, given commandment concerning his bones ' that they 
should be transferred to the present vault whenever 
an interment took place. ... It does not say, however, that 
Bunyan is imderneath ; and I know persons of respectability 
who affirm that he is not there. One gentleman assures me 
that the coffin was shown to him in another vault in quite 
another quarter of the ground. ... On the other hand, the 
nephew of the late chaplain of Bunhill Fields informs me that 
his uncle invited him to see Bunyan's coffin in Strudwick's vault ; 
and the son of the late Manager of the Graves always understood 
his father to mean, when he said ' that Bunyan was not buried 
there,' that it was not his original grave. 



1730-1797.] EDMUND BURKE. 27 



EDMUND BUEKE. 

1730-1797. 

OUEKE arrived in London in 1750, and kept terms 
regularly in the Middle Temple. Of the details of his 
early life and struggles he rarely spoke ; and almost nothing 
is known, except that he lived at 'The Pope's Head, over 
the shop of Jacoh Eobinson, bookseller and pub^sher, just 
within the Inner Temple Gateway,' and that shortly after 
his marriage, in 1756, he lived in Wimpole Street, Oxford 
Street. 

The shop of Jacob Eobinson has now disappeared, al- 
though just within the adjoining Middle Temple Gateway 
was, in 1885, a curious old house, occupied by a firm of 
law stationers, who were doing a business which their sign 
declared to have been * established two hundred years.' 
Eobinson's shop was on the west side of the Gateway, next 
the Eainbow Tavern, and was numbered afterwards 16 Fleet 
Street. 

In 1764 Burke was living in Queen Anne Street, Oxford 
Street, and watching the debates in the House of Com- 
mons from the Strangers' Gallery. 

In 1780 he occupied a house in Westminster, one side of 
which, according to Walcott in his * Memorials of West- 
minster,' contained * an arch of the eastern wall of the Old 
Gate leading into Dean's Yard.' This was a portion of the 
famous Gate House in which were confined so many illus- 
trious state prisoners. It stood at the end of Tothill Street, 
covering considerable space on each side of that thorough- 
fare, and extending from Dean's Yard to the site of the 



28 SAMUEL BUTLER. [1612-1680. 

Westminster Hospital. Burke's house here was taken down 
some years ago. 

In 1781 Burke had removed to the more fashionable 
neighborhood of St. James's Square. 

From St. James's Square we pass eastward into Charles Street, 
Jesse's Lon- interesting from its having been for a time the resi- 
srjJmei^s' ^^^c^ of Burke. It was here [in 1781] that Crabbe 
Square. addressed to him that touching letter, and was admitted 
to that affectionate interview which happily so revolutionized the 
poet's fortunes. 

In 1787 Burke lived at No. 37 Gerard Street, Soho, in a 
house marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts. In 1793 
he lodged at No. 6, and in 1794 at No. 25, Duke Street, St. 
James's, in houses greatly changed since his day. 

He died at Beaconsfield in Buckinghamshire. 

Burke's earliest flights of oratory were made in a debating- 
club held in the Bobin Hood Tavern, Essex Street, Strand, 
of which no trace is now left. He was in after years a mem- 
ber of Brooks's Club, No. 60 St. James's Street, and an 
original member of The Club (see Johnson). He was also 
frequently to be found at The Tully's Head, Dodsley's Shop, 
No. 51 Pall Mall (see Akenside). 



SAMUEL BUTLER 

1612-1680. 

T3 UTLER'S life in London was neither happy nor prosper- 
"^ ous, and but few records are left of his existence here. 
He is believed to have had .chambers at one time in Gray's 
Inn, although he was not a member of that Society. His 
later years were passed in poverty, and he died in Rose 



1612-1680.] SAMUEL BUTLER. 29 

Street, Covent Garden, which runs from No. 2 Garrick Street 
to No. 11 Long Acre (see Dryden), and was pronounced by 
Aubrey ' one of the meanest streets in that part of the city.' 
Butler was buried in the yard of St. Paul's Church, Covent 
Garden ; but contemporary authorities differ as to the exact 
position of his grave. 

Butler was of a middle stature, strong sett, high coloured, with 
a heacle of sorrell hair, a good fellowe and latterly much troubled 
with the gowt. . . , He dyed of a consumption Sep- ^,j-jjj.gy»g 
tember 25 CAnno D™ 1680 circiter) and was buried Lives: 

. . , , 1 Butler. 

27, according to his owne appomtment m the church 
yard of Covent Garden in the north part, next the church, at 
the east end. His feet touch the wall. His grave two yards dis- 
tant from the piUaster of the dore (by his desire) 6 foot deepe. 
About 25 of his old acc[uaintances at his funerall, I, myself, 
being one. 

This Samuel Butler, who was a boon and witty companion, 
especially among the company he knew well, died of a consump- 
tion, September 25th, 1680, and was, according to his Anthony 
desire, buried six feet deep in the yard belonging to ^"^^^'f ^ 
the Church of St. Paul in Covent Garden, within the onienses, 
liberty of Westminster, viz. at the west end of the said 
yard, on the north side and under the wall of the church, and 
under that wall which parts the yard from the common highway. 

A tablet to the memory of Butler was placed on the south 
side of the church 'by the inhabitants of the parish' in 
1786, nine years before the old edifice was destroyed by 
fire. It was not renewed when the church was rebuilt ; 
and the clerk of the vestry in 1885 had no knowledge of it, 
or of the position of Butler's grave. The churchyard has 
been levelled and covered with grass, where it is not paved 
with fragments of the old tombstones it used to contain, 
and few memorials to its illustrious dead are now to be 
found. 



30 LORD BYRON. [1788-1824. 



LOED BYEON. 

1788-1824. 

73YR0N was born at No. 16^ Holies Street, Cavendish 
■^-^ Square, in a house since numbered 24, and marked 
by the tablet of the Society of Arts. It is probably un- 
changed. He was christened in St. Marylebone Church, on 
the Marylebone Road near the High Street, when he was 
about six weeks old ; but Mrs. Byron took her son to Scot- 
land in his infancy, and he did not again see London until 
1799, when he was brought to a house in Sloane Terrace, 
Sloane Street, while an eminent surgeon was preparing 
an instrument for the support of his ankle. He was then 
sent to a school which stood near the Saline Spring, on 
Wells Lane, Sydenham, but has now disappeared. 

Moore, in his ' Life of Byron,' makes few allusions to his 
subject's different homes in London and elsewhere, or to 
his home life ; and it is only by the occasional headings 
of his letters, and by their indirect personal allusions, that 
he can be traced to his various lodgings in town. In 
August, 1806, he wrote to a college friend from No. 16 Pic- 
cadilly ; but he does not appear to have remained then long 
in London. No. 16 Piccadilly Was on the site of Piccadilly 
Circus, and the house disappeared when Regent Street was 
formed, a few years later. 

In the winter of the same year Byron was for a short 
time at Dorant's Hotel, which stood in Jermyn Street, 
nearly opposite Bury Street. Coz's Hotel, No. 56 Jermyn 
Street, was its direct successor in 1885; and here it was 
that he read the criticism of the ' Edinburgh Review ' upon 



1788-1824.] LORD BYRON. 31 

his * Hours of Idleness/ which had such an effect upon him 
that the friend who found him in the first moments of 
excitement, fancied he had received a challenge to fight a 
duel, not being able in any other way to account for the 
hatred and defiance expressed in his face. 

Byron occupied lodgings at No. 8 St. James's Street at 
various times, from early in the year 1808 to 1814. Here 
he published his 'Satire' in 1809, and from here, on the 
30th March in the same year, he drove to take his seat for 
the first time in the House of Lords. Mr. Dallas writes : — 

On that day, passing down St. James's Street, but with no 
intention of calling, I saw his chariot at his door, and went in.* 
His countenance, paler than usual, showed that his 

. \ ^^ .^ ' ,^ , ^ Moore's Life 

mind was agitated. . . . He said to me, ' 1 am glad of Byron, 
you happened to come in ; I am going to take my seat, "^° • ^•' 
perhaps you will go with me.' I expressed my readiness to attend 
him ; while at the same time I concealed the shock I felt on 
thinking that this young man, who by birth, fortune, and talents, 
stood high in life, should have lived so unconnected and neglected 
by persons of his own rank, that there was not a single member 
of the Senate to which he belonged, to whom he could or would 
apply to introduce him in a manner becoming his birth. I saw 
that he felt the situation, and I fully partook of his indignation. 

While living in this house, No. 8 St. James's Street, in 
1812, and shortly after the publication of ' Childe Harold,* 
he woke up on that historic morning to find himself famous. 
The house, still standing in 1885, had been altered, and a 
storj/ added ; but the adjoining house, No. 7, showed how 
it appeared in Byron's time. 

A number of letters of his are addressed from No. 4 
Bennet Street, St. James's Street, which he sometimes called 
* Benedictine Street,' a house that was still used as a lodging- 
house half a century later. During these seven or eight 
years before his marriage he occasionally lived at Stevens's 
(afterwards Fischer's) Hotel, No. 18 New Bond Street, 



82 LORD BYRON. [178&-1824. 

with an entrance on Clifford Street, opposite Long's ; and at 
Gordon's Hotel, No. 1 Albemarle Street, corner of Piccadilly. 
According to Mr. Jesse, the greater part of ' The Corsair ' 
was composed by Byron while he was walking up and down 
Albemarle Street, between Grafton Street and Piccadilly. 

On the 9th of April, 1814, Byron wrote to Moore from 
A, No. 2, The Albany: — 

Yiscount Althorp is about to be married, and I have gotten his 
spacious bachelor apartments in the Albany, to which I hope you 
will address a speedy answer to this mine epistle. 

The Albany is a long row of semi-detached buildings, 
extending from Piccadilly through to Burlington Gardens, 
just east of the Royal Academy of Arts. It is let out in 
chambers to single gentlemen, and has had many distin- 
guished occupants. Here Byron wrote the * Ode on the 
Fall of Napoleon,' and herefrom he set out to be married 
to Miss Milbanke, on January 2, 1815. 

Lord and Lady Byron, in the spring of 1815, took pos- 
session of the mansion No. 13 Piccadilly Terrace, where in 
December of the same year the sole daughter of his house 
and heart was born; and this house, in January, 1816, 
Lady Byron quitted, never to see her lord again. It was 
still standing in 1885, near Park Lane, and numbered 139 
Piccadilly. 

Moore first met Byron at Samuel Rogers's, No. 22 St. 
James's Place, Piccadilly, in 1811 (see Rogeks). 

It was at first intended by Mr. Rogers that his company at 
dinner should not extend beyond Lord Byron and myself; but 
, Mr. Thomas Campbell, having called upon our host 

Byron, vol. that morning, was invited to join the party, and 
"■' " ■ consented. Such a meeting could not be otherwise 
than interesting to us all. It was the first time that Lord Byron 
was ever seen by any of his three companions ; while he, on his 
side, for the first time found himself in the society of persons 



1788-1824.] LORD BYRON. 33 

whose names had been associated with his first literary dreams^ 
and to two of whom he looked up with that tributary admiration 
which youthful genius is ever ready to pay its precursors. Among 
the impressions which this meeting left upon me, what I chiefly 
remember to have remarked, was the nobleness of his air, his 
beauty, the gentleness of his voice and manners, and — what was 
naturally not the least attraction — his marked kindness to 
myself. Being in mourning for his mother, the color as well 
of his dress as of his glossy, curling, and picturesque hair gave 
more effect to the pure, spiritual paleness of his features, in the 
expression of which, when he spoke, there was a perpetual play 
of lively thought, though melancholy was their habitual character 
when in repose. As we had none of us been apprised of his 
peculiarities with respect to food, the embarrassment of our host 
was not a little on discovering that there was nothing upon the 
table which his noble guest could eat or drink. Neither meat. 
fish, nor wine would Lord Byron touch, and of biscuits and soda- 
water, which he asked for, there had been unluckily no provision. 
He professed, however, to be equally well pleased with potatoes 
and vinegar, and of these meagre materials contrived to make 
rather a hearty dinner. 

Some days after, meeting Hobhouse, I said to him, * How long 
will Lord Byron persevere in his present diet?' He replied, 
' Just as long as you continue to notice it.' I did not Rogers's 
then know what I now know to be a fact, — that Byron, "^^^^^ ^^^^• 
after leaving my house, had gone to a club in St. James's Street, 
and eaten a hearty meat supper. 

Byron's meeting with Sir Walter Scott, the latter thus de- 
scribes in a letter to Moore, written after Byron's death : — 

It was in the spring of 1815 that, chancing to be in London, 
I had the advantage of a personal introduction to Lord Byron. 
Report had prepared me to meet a man of peculiar 

Loekhart's 

habits and a quick temper; and I had some doubts Life of Scott,, 
whether we were likely to suit each other in society, xxxiv.^ ^^' 
I was most agreeably disappointed in this respect. I 
found Lord Byron in the highest degree courteous and even kind. 
We met for an hour or two almost daily in Mr. Murray's drawing- 
room [No. 50 A, Albemarle Street], and found a great deal to say 



34 LORD BYRON. [1788-1824. 

to each other. ... I saw Lord Byron for the last time in 1815, 
after I returned from France. He dined, or lunched, with me at 
Long's, in Bond Street. I never saw him so full of gajety or good- 
humor, to which the presence of Mr. Mathews, the comedian, added 
not a little. After one of the gayest parties I ever was present at, 
T set off for Scotland, and I never saw Lord Byron again. 

Long's Hotel still stood, in 1885, at No. 16 New Bond 
Street,^ and Murray's Publishing House was still in Albemarle 
Street, near Piccadilly, on the same spot as in the days of 
Scott and Byron. 

Lord Byron died in Missolonghi, Greece, on the 19th of 
April, 1824. His remains were carried to England, lay in 
state in the house of Sir Edward KnatchbuU, No. 25 Great 
George Street, Westminster (the Institution of Civil Engi- 
neers in 1885), on the 9th and 10th of July, and on the 
16th of July were buried by the side of those of his mother 
in the family vault near Newstead Abbey. 

"Was with Rogers at half past eight ; set off for George Street, 
Westminster, at half past nine. When I approached the house 
„ , and saw the crowd assembled, felt a nervous trembling 

Moore s ' ° 

Diary, July come over me which lasted till the whole ceremony 

12 1824 

was over. . . . The riotous curiosity of the mob, the 
bustle of the undertakers, etc., and all the other vulgar accompani- 
ment of the ceremony mixing with tjolj recollections of him who 
was gone, produced a combination of disgust and sadness that was 
deeply painful to me.'. . . Saw a lady crying in a barouche as 
we turned out of George Street, and said to myself, ' Bless her 
heart, whoever she is ! ' There were, however, few respectable 
persons in the crowd, and the whole ceremony was anything but 
what it ought to have been. Left the hearse as soon as it was off 
the stones, and returned home to get rid of my black clothes and 
try to forget as much as possible the wretched feelings I had 
experienced in them. 

Byron's clubs were Watier's, a gambling-house. No. 81 
Piccadilly, corner of Bolton Street, and the Alfred, No. 



1777-1844.] THOMAS CAMPBELL. 35 

23 Albemarle Street, neither of which is now in existence. 
He was also a member of the Cocoa Tree Club, which still 
had the house No. 64 St. James's Street in 1885. 
On the 9th of April, 1814, he wrote to Moore : — 

I have also been drinking, and on one occasion, with three 
other friends of the Cocoa Tree, from six till four, yea, five in the 
matin. We clareted and champagned till two, then supped, and 
finished with a kind of Kegency punch, composed of Madeira, 
brandy, and green tea, no real water being admitted therein. 
There was a night for you ! without once cLuitting the table, ex- 
cepting to ambulate home, which I did alone, and in utter con- 
tempt of a hackney coach, and my own vis, both of which were 
deemed necessary for our conveyance. 



THOMAS CAMPBELL. 

1777-1844. 

/^^AMPBELL saw almost nothing of London until his 
^-^ marriage, which took place in the Church of St. Mar- 
garet, Westminster, in 1803. He shortly afterwards hired a 
house at Sydenham, where he lived for seventeen years, and 
where the whole of ' Gertrude of Wyoming ' was written. 

In November, 1804, Campbell wrote from Sydenham to 
Constable : — 

If yon come to London and drink to the health of Auld 
Reekie over my new mahogany table, if you take a walk round 
my garden, and see my braw house, my court-yard, 

T T J. 1 -J.! 1 1 / • Constable 

nens, geese and turkeys, or view the lovely country m and his Lit- 
my neighborhood, you will think this fixture and gpo^fdents^' 
furniture money well bestowed. I shall indeed be 
nobly settled, and the devil is in it if I don't work as nobly 
for it. 



36 THOMAS CAMPBELL. [1777-1844. 

Jum 25, 1815. — Mr. Campbell asked me to come out and 

see Mm to-day, and make it a long day's visit. So after the 

^. , mornina; service I drove out, and stayed with him until 

George Tick- ° _ ' ^ •' ^ ^ 

iior's Life nearly nine o'clock this evening. He lives in a pleas- 
voi. i. chap. ' ant little box at Sydenham, nine miles from town, a 
"^' beautiful village, which looks more like an American 

village than any I have seen in England. His wife is a bonny 
little Scotch woman, with a great deal of natural vivacity. 

His mode of life at Sydenham was almost uniformly that 
which he afterwards followed in London, when he made it a con- 
stant residence. He rose not very early, breakfasted, 

Cyrus Red- tip t ti i iin 

ding's Recoi- studied lor an hour or two, dmed at two or three o'clock, 
Fifty Years, '^^^l then made a call or two. . . . He would return 
home to tea, and then retire early to his study, remain- 
ing there till a late hour ; sometimes even tiU an early one. His 
life was strictly domestic ; he gave a dinner-party now and then, 
and at some of them Thomas Moore, Rogers, and other literary 
friends from town were present. His table was plain, hospitable, 
and cheered by a hearty welcome. 

Thorne, in his 'Hand-Book of the Environs of London/ 
described this house in 1876 as on Peak Hill, 'the third on 
the right before reaching Sydenham Station.' It still stood 
in 1885, unaltered since Campbell's occupancy of it, except 
that the gardens about it had been covered with modern 
villas, and that its rural character had disappeared. It was 
one of a row of tall red brick buildings near Peak Hill Road, 
with nothing to distinguish it from its neighbors, and was 
numbered 13 Peak Hill Avenue. 

In 1820 Campbell settled in London, on his appointment 
as editor of the 'New Monthly Magazine.' He lodged for 
a time in Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, but soon took 
the house, then No. 10 Upper Seymour Street, since known 
as No. 18 Seymour Street, Portman Square, and unchanged in 
1885, where he wrote ' Theodoric,' ' The Last Man,' etc., and 
where he remained until he lost his wife, in 1828. Greatly 
depressed in spirit after his bereavement, he resigned his 



1777-1844,] THOMAS CAMPBELL. 87 

editorship and lived in loneliness and retirement at No. 61 
Lincoln's Inn Fields. His chambers here were on the sec- 
ond floor, and the mansion was still standing in 1885. 

In 18S0 he was living at No. 1 Middle Scotland Yard, 
afterwards the Almonry Office. His other lodgings and 
homes in London were at 42 Eaton Street, Stockbridge Ter- 
race, Pimlico, — a street since absorbed in Grosvenor Place, 
and of course numbered ; No. 18 Old Cavendish Street, 
Oxford Street, on the west side; in York Chambers, St. 
James's Street, on the northeast corner of Piccadilly ; and at 
No. 30 Foley Place, Eegent Street, a fev/ doors from Mid- 
dleton Buildings. Foley Place v/as afterwards called Lang- 
ham Street, and renumbered. In 1832, while devoting 
himself to the cause of Poland, he occupied an attic at the 
Polish Headquarters, in Sussex Chambers, No. 10 Duke 
Street, St. James's Street, still in existence in 1885. 
August 25, he writes : — 

Here in the Polish Chambers I daily parade the main room, 
a superb hall, where all my books are ensconced, ^j. gg^i-. 
and where old Nol used to give audiences to his *l®!! Memoir 

. ° of Campbell, 

foreign ambassadors. 18S2. 

Again, September 28, he writes : — 

I am not dissatisfied with my existence as it is now occu- 
pied. ... I get up at seven, write letters for the Polish Asso- 
ciation until half past nine, breakfast, aro to the club 

Ibid, 
and read the new^spaper until twelve. Then I sit down 

to my own studies, and with many and also vexatious interrup- 
tions, do what I can till four. I then walk round the Park, and 
generally dine out at six. Between nine and ten I return to cham- 
bers, read a book or write a letter, and go to bed before twelve. 

In 1840 Campbell leased the house No. 8 Victoria 
Square, Buckingham Palace Eoad, Pimlico. It still stood 
in 1885, on the south side and unaltered. He died at 
Boulogne, France, June 15, 1844, and on the 3d of July 
was buried in the Poets' Corner. 



38 THOMAS CAELYLE. [1795-1881. 



THOMAS CAELYLE. 

1795-1881. 

CARLYLE came first to London in 1824, and lodged 
with Charles Buller at Kew Green. Later, he was 
in the house of Edward Irving in Pentonville ; and during 
the same year he took other rooms in Pentonville, not 
very far from his friend. He had various residences dur- 
ing his short visits to London; but it was not until 1834 
that he finally went to the house at No. 5 Great Cheyne 
Row, Chelsea, which was his .home until his death in 1881. 
Great Cheyne Row has been renumbered since Carlyle died ; 
but his house, then No. 24, w^as standing in 1885. At the 
time of his taking possession he wrote to his wife : — 

The street runs down upon the river, which I suppose you 
might see by stretching out your head from the front window, at 
a distance of fifty yards on the left. We are called 
Cariyie,%ol. Cheyne Row (pronounced Chainie Row), and are a 
ii. chap. genteel neighborhood. The street is flag-paved, sunk- 
storied, iron-railed, all old-fashioned and tightly done 
up. The house itself is eminent, antique, w^ainscoted to the very 
ceiling, and has all been new painted and repaired ; broadish stairs 
with massive balustrades (in the old style) corniced, and as thick as 
one's thigh ; floors thick as a rock, wood of them here and " there 
worm-eaten, yet capable of cleanness, and still wdth thrice the 
strength of a modern floor. And then as to rooms: Goody! 
Three stories besides the sunk story, — in every one of them 
three apartments, in depth something like forty feet in all, a front 
dining-room (marble chimne^^-piece, etc.), then a back dining- 
room or breakfast-room, a little narrower by reason of the kitchen 
stairs; then out of this, and narrower still (to allow a back 
window, you consider) a china room or pantry, or I know not 



1795-1881.] THOMAS CARLYLE. 39 

what, all shelved and fit to hold crockery for the whole street. 
Such is the ground area, which, of course, continues to the top, 
and furnishes every bedroom with a dressing-room, or second bed- 
room ; on the whole, a most massive, roomy, sufficient old house, 
with places, for example, to hang, say, three dozen hats or cloaks 
on, and as many curious and queer old presses and shelved closets 
(all tight and new painted in their way) as would gratify the 
most covetous Goody : rent thirty-five pounds. . . . We lie safe 
at a bend of the river, away from all the great roads, have air and 
quiet hardly inferior to Craigenputtock, an outlook from the back 
windows into more leafy regions, with here and there a red high- 
peaked old roof looking through, and see nothing of London 
except by day the summits of St. Paul's Cathedral and West- 
minster Abbey, and by night the gleam of the great Babylon, 
affronting the peaceful skies. The house itself is probably the 
best we have ever lived in, — a right old strong, roomy brick 
house built nearly one hundred and fifty years ago [written in 
1834], and likely to see three races of these modern fashionables 
fall before it comes down. 

There he sat, aged, honored, famous, — the leading man of 
letters, perhaps, of his generation. An old dressing-gown wrapped 
around him, slippers on his feet, his face grim as „ , . 
granite, and his eyes with that sad prophetic gaze Buchanan's 
which is reproduced in all the photographs. On the Macpher- 
book-shelves close around him were well-thumbed ^°"' 
volumes, nearly all of them presentation copies, with the auto- 
graphs of their mighty authors, chief among them a set of Goethe 
with notes in the poet's own handwriting, . , . Only the day 
before he had been sent for by the Queen of England as one of 
the two or three great men it behooved her to know and honor ; 
and having spent several hours of conversation with her, he had 
pronounced her ' a nice homely body, just like scores of farmers' 
wives he had met in Allandale.' 

t Froude, in his 'Carlyle' (vol. iv. chap, xxxv.), thus de- 
scribes his last hours : — 

His bed had been moved into the drawing-room, which stiU 
bore the stamp of his wife's hand upon it. Her work-box and 



40 ELIZABETH CARTER. [1717-1806, 

other ladies' trifles lay about in their old places. He had for- 
bidden them to be removed, and they stood within reach oi his 
dying hand. He was wandering when I came to his side. He 
recognized me. ' I am very ill,' he said. ' Is it not strange that 
those people should have chosen the very oldest man in all 
Britain to make suffer this way V . . . When I saw him next, 
his speech was gone. His eyes w^ere as if they did not see, 
or were fixed on something far away. . . . This was on the 4th 
of February, 1881. The morning following he died. He had 
been gone an hour when I reached the house. He lay calm and 
still, an expression of exquisite tenderness subduing his rugged 
features into feminine beauty. I have seen something like it in 
Catholic pictures of dead saints, but never before or since on any 
human countenance. 



ELIZABETH CAETER 

1717-1806. 

T^ROM the age of nineteen until her death, Miss Carter — 
■^ or Mrs. Carter, as she was called later in life — spent 
much of her time in London. As a yonng girl she visited 
her paternal uncle, who was a silk-mercer in the city, and 
other friends, until 1762, when the success of her 'Epic- 
tetus' made her comparatively independent, and she took 
apartments at No. 20 Clarges Street, Piccadilly, on the first 
floor. Here she lodged at intervals for many years. Upon 
the death of her landlord, and the breaking up of his estab- 
lishment, she went for a season or two to a lodging-house in 
Chapel Street, May Fair ; but she ultimately came back t5 
the old neighborhood, and settled at No. 21 Clarges Street, 
where she died a very old woman in 1806. The numbers 
in Clarges Street have not been changed since her day. 



1667 (?)-1723.] SUSANNA CENTLIVRE. 41 

There is a tradition that Miss Carter, while writing for the 
* Gentleman's Magazine ' under the name ' Eliza/ lodged 
for a time at St. John's Gate (see Johnson). She was 
buried in Grosvenor Chapel, an appendage to St. George's 
Church, Hanover Square. It is situated in South Audley 
Street, opposite Chapel Street. 



SUSANNA CENTLIVEE. 

1667(?)-1723. . 

'T^HE history of the early part of Mrs. Centlivre's life is 
-^ involved in obscurity. Even the place of her birth 
and the exact date are unknown; and until 1706, when she 
married Queen Anne's Yeoman of the Mouth, — or, as Pope 
more roughly expressed it, she became ' that Cook's wife of 
Buckingham Court,' — she never had permanent local habi- 
tation or a reputable name in the metropolis. She spent 
the last and happiest days of her life in Spring Gardens, 
Charingj Cross. Her husband's house was on the corner 
of Buckingham Court. Spring Gardens — garden only in 
name — is a curiously crooked little street, immediately 
west of Trafalgar Square, connecting Whitehall with the 
east end of the Mall, and St. James's Park. 

The place of Mrs. Centlivre's burial has been for many 
years undetermined, many of the older authorities — among 
others, the ' Biographia Dramatica ' — placing it in the 
Church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, in which parish she died. 
But search of the Register of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, 
shows that she was buried in that church, ^Decemb'r 4*, 
1723.' The date of her birth or the position of her grave 
is not recorded. 



42 THOMAS CHATTERTON. [1752-177a 



THOMAS CHATTERTON. 

1752-1770. 

/^HATTERTON'S career in London was crowded into 
^^ four short melancholy months, and almost nothing is 
known of his life here. He found lodgings at first in a 
garret in the house of a Mr. Walmsley, a plasterer, in 
Shoreditch ; he died by his own hands, in the house of a 
stay-maker in Brooke Street, Holborn ; and he found rest in 
a pauper's grave in the burial-ground of the workhouse in 
Shoe Lane. 

All that his biographers and admirers have been able to 
learn about his sad London experiences is given below : — 

This hoy [a nephew of Mr. Walmsley], who was the bed- 
fellow of Chatterton, informed Mr. Croft that Chatterton used to 

sit up all night readino^ and writing^ ; that he never 
John Davis's ^ , ^ °.-, ° „ , ^ , , -, 

Life of came to bed till very late, oiten three or tour o clock, 

^ *'"■ but that he was always awake when he waked, and 
got up at the same time. He lived chiefly upon a halfpenny 
roll, or a tart and some water, ... He did not, however, wholly 
abstain from meat, for he was once or twice known to take 
a sheep's tongue out of his pocket. . . . Early in July Chat- 
terton left his lodgings in Shoreditch, and went to lodge with 
Mrs, Angel, a sack-maker, in Brooke Street, Holborn. It were 
an injury not to mention historically the lodgings of Chatterton, 
for every spot he made his residence has become poetical ground, 
... Of his extreme indigence there is positive testimony. Mrs. 
Angel remembers that for two days, when he did not absent 
himself from his room, he went without food. . . . Mr. Cross, 
an apothecary in Brooke Street, bore evidence that while Chatter- 
ton lived with Mrs. Angel, he frequently called at the shop, and 



1752-1770.] THOMAS CHATTERTON. 43 

was repeatedly pressed by Mr. Cross to dine or sup with him, but 
always in vain. One evening, however, hunger so far prevailed 
over his pride as to tempt him to partake of a barrel of oysters, 
when he was observed to eat most voraciously. . . . Pressed 
hard by indigence and its companions, gloom and despondency, 
the mind of Chatterton became disordered, and on the night of the 
24th of August, 1770, he swallowed a large dose of opium, which 
caused his death. . . . The inquest of the jury was brought 
in insanity, and the body of Chatterton was put into a shell, and 
carried unwept, unheeded, and unowned to the burying-ground of 
the workhouse in Shoe Lane. 

We know, from the account of Sir Herbert Croft, that Chatter- 
ton occupied the garret, a room looking out into the street, as the 
only garret in this house does. ... It was a square Hotten'a 
and rather large room for an attic. It had two win- ^^iversana. 
dows in it, — lattice windows, or casements, built in a style which 
I think is called ' dormer,' Outside ran the gutter, with a low 
parapet wall, over which you could look into the street below. 
The roof was very low, so low that I, who am not a tall man, 
could hardly stand upright in it with my hat on ; and it had a 
long slope, extending from the middle of the room down to the 
windows. 

No. 4 Brooke Street, Holborn, would be an interesting number 

if it remained ; but as if everything connected with the history of 

this ill-fated youth, except his fame, should be con- 

William 
demned to the most singular fatality, there is no Hewitt's 

No. 4 ; it is swallowed up by an enormous furniture Hamits of 

warehouse, fronting into Holborn, and occupying what P"Vf^ 

used to be numbers one, two, three, and four Brooke vol. i. : 
n, mi 1 1 1 . . ^ , , 1 Chatterton. 

btreet. ihus the whole interior oi these houses has 

been cleared awaj^-, and they have been converted into one long 

show-shop below. . . . Thus all memory of the particular spot 

which was the room of Chatterton, and where he committed 

suicide, is refoted out. What is still more strange, the very same 

fate has attended his place of sepulture. He was buried among 

the paupers in Shoe Lane ; so little was known or cared about 

him and his fate, that it was some time, as stated, before his 

friends learned the sad story ; in the mean time the exact site of 



44 THOMAS CHATTERTON. [1752-1770. 

his grave was well-nigli become unknown. It appears, however, 
from inquiries which I have made, that the spot was recognized ; 
and when the public became at length aware of the genius that 
had been suffered to perish in despair, a head stone was erected by 
subscription among some admirers of his productions. . . . The 
very resting-place of Chatterton could not escape the ungenial 
character of his fate. London, which seemed to refuse to' know 
him when alive, refused a quiet repose to his ashes. . . . The 
burial-ground in Shoe Lane was sold to form Farringdon Market, 
and tombs and memorials of the deceased disappeared to make 
way for the shambles and cabbage stalls of the living. 

On the 24th of August, 1770, at the age of seventeen years, 
Cunning- ^^^^^^ months, and a few days, Chatterton put an end to 

ham's Hand- j^js life by swallowing arsenic in water in the house 

Book of , "^ . ° 

London: of a Mrs. Angel, a sack-maker in this street [Brooke 

Street, Street], then No. 4, now [1850] occupied by Steffenoni's 

Holborn. furniture warehouse. His room, when broken open, 

was found covered with scraps of paper. 

Contemporary directories show Steffenoni's to have been 
on the northeast corner of Holborn and Brooke Street. His 
number was 142 Holborn, occupied in 1885 by the estab- 
lishment of the Universal Building Society. Mrs. AngeFs 
was about two hundred feet from Holborn. 

Chatterton, writing to his mother. May 6, 1770, says : — 

I am quite familiar at the Chapter Coffee House, and know 
all the geniuses there. A character is now unnecessary ; an au- 
thor carries his genius in his pen. 

And on the 30th May he wrote to his sister from ' Tom's 
Coffee House in Birchin Lane.' 

The Chapter Coffee House stood at No. 50 Paternoster 
Eow, on the south side of that street, on the corner of Chap- 
ter House Court and nearly opposite Ivy Lane. It ceased 
to exist as a coffee-house in 1854, but was opened as a tav- 
ern a few years later; and in 1885 the fine mahogany bal- 
ustrades of the stairs, and the dining-rooms themselves, 



1328-1400.] GEOFFREY CIIAUCER. 45 

remained, comparatively unchanged since Chatterton's day 
{see Bronte, p. 22).^ 

* Tom's ' stood in Cowper's Court, Birchin Lane ; but no 
trace of it remains. 



GEOFEEEY CHAUCER. 

13 — 1400. 

IVTOTHIKG positive is known of the place of Chaucer's 
''- ^ birth or education, although some of his commentators, 
upon the dubious authority of the following lines in the 
* Testament of Love,' claim that he was a native of London. 

Also in the Citie of London, that is to mee soe deare and 
sweete, in which I was foorth grown ; and more kindely love 
have I to that place than to any other in yerth, as every kindely 
creature hath full appetite to that place of his kindely ingendure. 

Richard Chawcer, the father of the poet, citizen and vintner, 
gave to the church of Aldermary, Bow Lane, his tenement and 
tavern, corner of Kerion Lane. It is not certain that 
the father of English poetry was born here ; some Antiquarian 
claim the honor of his birthplace for Oxfordshire, and London^ '^ 
some for Berkshire. Camden says he was born in ^^^- "• 
London ; and if so, most probably at the corner of this lane, in 
the house just mentioned. 

The Church of St. Mary Aldermary, destroyed by the 
Great Fire, was rebuilt by Wren, and stands in Watling 
Street, near Bow Lane. Kerion Lane was never rebuilt after 
the Fire. It ran parallel with Upper Thames Street, north of 
St. James's Church, Garlickhithe. The present Maiden Lane 
is very near its site. It is by no means certain, however, 
that the poet was the son of the Richard Chawcer who is 
mentioned above. 



46 GEOFFREY CHAUCER. [1328-1400. 

The story of Chaucer being a member of the Temple, 
and while there beating the Friar in Fleet Street, is ^Iso 
thought now to be merely legendary. There is no absolute 
reason for supposing that he was the Chaucer whose name 
appeared upon the records. 

Chaucer's It seemeth that both of these learned men [Gower 

Spe^'iif'^' ^^^^ Chancer] were of the Inner Temple ; for not 

prefixed to many years since Master Buckley did see a record in 

Letter Folio the same house where Geoffrey Chaucer was fined two 

of 1598 

shillings for beating a Franciscan Friar in Fleet Street. 

Chaucer is believed to have been married in the chapel 
of the Savoy Palace, and to have written certain of his 
poems in the Palace itself It stood on the north bank of 
the Thames, west of Somerset House ; and the last remnants 
of it were removed on the building of the approach to 
Waterloo Bridge. Its name is retained in Savoy Hill, Sa- 
voy Chapel, and Savoy Street, Strand. The present Savoy 
Chapel w^as built a century after Chaucer's death, the church 
in which he was married having stood on the site of the 
Admiralty Department of Somerset House. 

Henry Thomas Riley, in his ' Memorials of London and 
London Life in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth 
Centuries,' published in 1868, and compiled from the 'Early 
Archives of the City of London,' quotes in full the ' Lease 
to Geoffrey Chaucer of the dwelling house at Aldgate 48 
Edward IIL a. d. 1374,' as follows: — 

To all persons to whom this present writing indented shall 
come : Adam de Bevry, Mayor, the Aldermen and Commonalty 
of the City of London, Greeting : Know ye that we, with unan- 
imous will and assent, have granted and released by these presents 
unto Geoffrey Chaucer, the whole of the dwelling house above 
the gate of Aldgate, with the rooms built over, and a certain 
cellar beneath the same Gate, on the south side of that Gate, and 
the appurtenances thereof ; to have and to hold the whole of the 



1328 1400.] GEOFFREY CHAUCER. 47 

house aforesaid, with the rooms so built over and the said cellar 
and the appurtenances thereof, unto the aforesaid Geoffrey, for 
the whole life of him the same- Geoffrey. 

This gate was taken down in 1606 ; and another, built 
upon the same spot, was also removed entirely one hundred 
^nd fifty years later. Its site, by comparison with con- 
temporary maps and plans, would seem to have been across 
the present Aldgate, about one hundred feet west of Hounds- 
ditch and the Minories, say half-way between Houndsditch 
and Duke Street on the north side, and between the 
Minories and Jewry Street on the south ; probably at the 
junction of the parishes of St. Botolph Aldgate and St. 
Katherine Cree, marked on the house numbered 2 Aldgate 
in 1885. 

Tradition also says that Chaucer wrote his ' Testament 
of Love' in the Tower, that he spent some of the later 
years of his life in Thames Street, and that he died in the 
immediate neighborhood of Westminster Abbey, where, in 
the Poets' Corner, all that is mortal of him lies. 

Geoffrey Chaucer, 'the first illuminer of the English language,* 
had the lease for a tenement adjoining the White Rose Tavern, 
which abutted upon the Old Lady Chapel of the -^^ q 
Abbey, at a yearlv rent of 53s. 4d. from Christmas Waicott's 

'^ ' J - Memorials of 

A. D. 1399, for fifty-three years. Here probably he Westmin- 
died, on October 25, 1400. This house, the tavern, '^' 
and St. Mary's Chapel were demolished in 1502, to give place to 
the gorgeous Mausoleum of King Henry VII. 

There is still preserved a lease granted to him by the keeper 
of the Lady Chapel, which makes over to him a tenement in the 
garden attached to that building on the ground now ^^^^ 
covered by the enlarged Chapel of Henry VII. • In Stanley's 

Westminster 

this house he died, October 25th, in the last year of Abbey, 
the fourteenth century. . . . Probably from the cir- ^'^^p- ^^'■ 
cumstances of his dying so close at hand, combined with the 
royal favor still continuecfby Henry IV., he was brought to the 



48 GEOFFREY CHAUCER. [1328-1400. 

Abbey, and buried, where the functionaries of the monastery were 
beginning to be interred, at the entrance of St. Benedict's Chapel. 
There was nothing to mark the grave except a plain slab, which 
was sawn up when Dryden's monument was erected. ... It was 
not until the reign of Edward VI. [1551] that the present tomb, to 
which apparently the poet's ashes were removed, was raised near 
the grave by Nicholas Brighani, himself a poet, who was buried 
close beside, with his daughter Rachel. Tlie inscription closes 
with the echo of the poet's own expiring counsel '^Erumnarum 
requies mors.' Originally the back of "the tomb contained a 
portrait of Chaucer. 

Chaucer's association with the Tabard Inn is well known. 
In the ' Canterbury Tales ' he says it 

' Befel that in that season on a day, 
. At Southwark at the Tabard as 1 lay 
Ready to wenden on my pilgrimage 
To Canterbury with devoute courage 
At night we came into that hostelry.' 

The original Tabard, known to Chaucer, was taken down 
early in the seventeenth century. According to Stow 
(1598), it was amongst the most ancient of the many inns 
for receipt of travellers in Southwark. It was situated 
immediate^ opposite what was at that time known as St. 
Margaret's Hill. On its site was built a second Tabard, 
which stood until 1874, and was by many later-day pil- 
grims believed to be the original. 'The Talbot Inn' was 
painted above its gateway, and there was also a sign bear- 
ing the following inscription : * This is the Inne where Sir 
JefFry Chaucer and the nine and twenty pilgrims lay, in 
their journey to Canterbury, Anno 1383.' The latest Ta- 
bard, at No. 85 High Street, Borough, on the corner of Tal- 
bot Inn Yard, is of no interest in itself, except as marking 
the site and perpetuating the name of one of the most 
famous of old London hostelries. 



1694-1773.] THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD. 4^ 



THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD. 

' 1694-1773. 

'"PHE Earl of Chesterfield, born in London, was christened 
■"- in St. James's Church, Piccadilly, and spent the greater 
part of his life in the metropolis. He lived at one time in 
St. James's Square, and later in Bedford Street, Covent 
Garden ; but his most important London home was the 
mansion bearing his name in South Audiey Street, May 
Fair. It was commenced in 1747, and was still standing-^ 
in 1885, although its gardens have been built upon, and 
are shorn of their fair proportions. 

But perhaps the most interesting apartment in the whole 
house [Chesterfield House] is the library ; there, where Lord 
Chesterfield used to sit and write, still stand [1869] the 
books which it is only fair to suppose that he read, — Londoniana, 
books of wide- world and enduring interest, and which ^°^ "• '-. 
stand in goodly array, one row above another, by hun- 
dreds. High above them, in separate panels, are 'Kit Kat' sized 
portraits of all the great English poets and dramatists, down to the 
time of Chesterfield. ... In another room not far from the 
library, one seems to gain an idea of the noble letter- writer's daily 
life ; for it is a room which has not only its antechamber, in 
which the aspirants for his lordship's favor were sometimes kept 
waiting, but on its garden side a stone or marble terrace over- 
looking the large garden, stretching out in lawn and flower-beds, 
behind the house. Upon this terrace Chesterfield doubtless often 
walked, snuff-box in hand, and in company with some choice 
friend. 

This room is the subject of E. M. Ward's well-known pic- 
ture, ' Dr. Johnson in the Anteroom of Lord Chesterfield,' — 

4 



50 CHARLES CHURCHILL. . [1731-1764. 

an incident which is said to have occurred in 1749, although 
good authorities assert that the Earl did not occupy the 
house until three years later. 

Chesterfield died in Chesterfield House in 1773, and was 
buried in Grosvenor Chapel, South Audley Street (see 
Carter), according to the instructions contained in his will 
that he should be placed in the graveyard nearest to the 
spot where he might happen to die, and that the expenses 
of his funeral should not exceed one hundred pounds. His 
# remains were afterwards removed to the family burial-place 
in Shelford Church, Nottinghamshire. 



CHAKLES CHUECHILL. 

1731-1764. 

/"^HUBCHILL was born in Vine Street, Westminster, in 
^-^ 1731, and was probably christened in the neighboring 
Church of St. John the Evangelist, Smith Square, of which 
his father was curate at the time of his birth. 

Churchill was sent to Westminster School in 1739, where 
he remained ten years. 

Shortly after [1746], having by some misdemeanor displeased 
his masters, he was compelled to compose and recite in the school- 
' room a poetical declamation in Latin, by way of pen- 
Life of ance. This he accomplished in a masterly manner, 
to the astonishment of his masters and the delio;ht of 
his schoolfellows, some of whom became afterwards distinguished 
men. We can fancy the scene at the day of recitation, — the grave 
and big-wigged schoolmasters looking grimly on, their aspect 
however, becoming softer and brighter, as one large hexameter 
rolls out after another ; the strong, awkward, ugly boy un- 



1731-1764.] CHARLES CHURCHILL. 51 

blushingly pouring forth his energetic lines, cheered by the sight 
of the relaxing gravity of his teachers' looks ; while around you 
see the bashful, tremulous figure of poor Cowper, the small, thin 
shape and bright eye of Warren Hastings, and the waggish 
countenance of Colman [the elder], all eagerly watching the re- 
cital, and all at last distended and brightened with joy at his 
signal triumph. 

St. Peter's College — or, as it is more familiarly called, 
Westminster School — in which have been educated so many 
famous Englishmen, is immediately adjoining the cloisters 
of the Abbey, the entrance being through the old gateway, 
said to have been designed by Inigo Jones, in Little Dean's 
Yard. 

Churchill contracted a Fleet marriage at an early age, and 
lived unhappily with his wife. In 1758 he was appointed 
successor to his father in the Church of St. John, and is said 
to have preached his father's old sermons, and generally to 
have conducted himself in a manner unbecoming a clergy- 
man. At the same time he was acting as tutor in a girls' 
seminary at Queen Square, Bloomsbury ; but his habits were 
so irregular that he was compelled to resign both his church 
and his school. 

One of Churchill's favorite places of resort was the Bed- 
ford, ' under the piazza in Covent Garden.' It was on the 
corner near the entrance to the theatre, and its name was 
perpetuated in 1885 in the Bedford Hotel. 

He was a member of the Beefsteak Club, which met in 
a room at the top of Covent Garden Theatre in Churchill's 
time. Wilkes was his sponsor in the society; but his con- 
duct was such as to shock and disgust even an assemblage 
of men not over particular; and to avoid expulsion, after 
the publication of his desertion of his wife, he resigned. 



62 COLLEY GIBBER. [1671-175T. 



COLLEY GIBBER. 

1671-1757. 

COLLEY GIBBER, according to his own statement, ' was 
born in London on the 6th of November, 1671, in 
Southampton Street, facing Southampton House.' 

Southampton House, afterwards Bedford House, taken 
down in the beginning of the present century, occupied the 
north side of Bloomsburj Square. Evelyn speaks of it in 
his Diary, October, 1664, as in course of construction. 
Another and an earlier Southampton House in Holborn, 
'a httle above Holborn Bars,' was removed some twenty 
years before Gibber's birth. He was, therefore, probably 
born at the upper or north end of Southampton Street, 
facing Bloomsbury Square, where now are comparatively 
modern buildings, and not in Southampton Street, Strand, 
as is generally supposed. 

Gibber, in his 'Apology,' says nothing of his home life 
or of his social haunts, although he speaks frequently and 
freely of the scenes of his professional labors. 

From 1711 until 1714 he lived in Spring Gardens, White- 
hall (see Mrs. Gentlivre), ' near the Bull Head Tavern,' of 
which now there is no trace left. 

Gunningham, in his ' Hand-Book,' quotes the following 
advertisement from the ^ Daily Goura^t,' January 20, 1703 
[sic, probably 1713]: — 

In or near the old play house in Drury Lane on Monday last 

— the 19th of January — a watch was dropped having a Tortoise 
shell case inlaid with silver, a silver chain and a gold seal ring 

— the arms a cross wavy and cheque. Whoever brings it to 



1671-1757.] COLLEY GIBBER. 53 

Mr. Gibber at his bouse near the Bull Head Tavern in Old Spring 
Gardens, at Gharing Gross, shall have three guineas reward. 

Walpole declared that Gibber wrote one of his plays in 
the little cottage which stood on the site of the afterwards 
famous Strawberry Hill (see Walpole). 

He is known to have lived at Islington, and in Berke- 
ley Square, iu an old-fashioned town mansion, standing 
iu 1885. 

Golley Gibber lived in Berkeley Square at the north corner 
of Bruton Street, where my mother told 2ne she saw 
him once standing at his parlor window, drumming ]^h?"r^^.' 
with his hands on the frame. She said he appeared ^r^sofmy 
like a calm, grave, and reverend old gentleman. 

Among them all, Golley kept his own to the last. A short 

time before the last hour arrived, Horace Walpole hailed him on 

his birthday with a good-morrow, and ' I am glad, sir, 

to see you looking so well.' 'Egad, sir,' replied the naisofthe " 

old gentleman, all diamonded and powdered and dan- ^}^'4^^ ^'^.V 
o ' ^ 11. cuap. 11. 

dified, ' at eighty-four it is well for a man that he can 
look at all.' . . . And now he crosses Piccadilly and passes through 
Albemarle Street, slowly but cheerfully, with an eye and a salu- 
tation for any pretty woman of his acquaintance, and with a word 
for any ' good fellow ' whose purse he has lightened, or who has 
lightened his, at dice or whist. And so he turns into the adja- 
cent square; and as his servant closes the door, after admitting 
him, neither of them wots that the master has passed over the 
threshold for the last time a living man. In December, 1757, I 
read in contemporary publications that 'there died at his house 
in Berkeley Square, Golley Gibber, Esq., Poet Laureate.' . . . 
Golley Gibber was carried to sleep with kings and heroes in 
Westminster Abbey. 

Dr. Doran is not to be relied upon here. Gibber certainly 
was not buried in the Abbej^ and according to other authj;^ri- 
ties he died at Islington. A careful search through files of 
contemporary publications in the British Museum has failed 
to reveal any mention of the place of his death. 



54 COLLET GIBBER. [1671-1757. 

Samuel Lewis, in his ' History of Islington,' published 
in 1842, describes the 'Castle public house and tea gardens 
at the northern termination of Colebrooke (sic) Eow, Isling- 
ton ' (see Lamb), and asserts that ' in the house next to this 
tavern, Colley Gibber lived and died ' (chap. ix. pp. 351, 352). 
The Castle no longer exists. 

Cibber was buried by the side of his father and mother, 
in a vault under the Danish Church, situated in Wellclose 
Square, Ratcliffe Highway (since named St. George Street). 
This church, according to an inscription placed over the 
doorway, was built in 1696 by Gains Gabriel Cibber himself, 
by order of the King of Denmark, for the use of such of his 
Majesty's subjects as might visit the port of London. The 
church was taken down some years ago (1868-70), and St. 
Paul's Schools were erected on its foundation, which was left 
intact. Rev. Dan. Greatorex, Vicar of the Parish of St. 
Paul, Dock Street, in a private note written in the sum- 
mer of 1883, says : — 

Colley Cibber and his father and mother were buried in the 
vault of the old Danish Church. When the church was removed, 
the coffins were all removed carefully into the crypt under the 
apse, and then bricked up. So the bodies are still there. The 
Danish Consul was with me when I moved the bodies. The cof- 
fins had perished except the bottoms. I carefully removed them 
myself personally, and laid" them side by side at the back of the 
crypt, and covered them with earth. 

Cibber was the only English actor ever elected a member 
of White's, which originally was situated at Nos. 69 and 70 
St. James's Street, ' near the bottom on the west side.' In 
1755, two years before Gibber's death, it was removed to the 
position it has so long held, Nos. 37 and 38 St. James's 
Street. He was also one of the original members of the 
* Spiller's Head Club,' which met at the Inn of John Spiller, 
Clare Market, Lincoln's Inn Fields. The house, if standing, 



1671-1757.] COLLET CtBBEB. 65 

cannot now be identified, and Clare Market has changed 
greatly for the worse since Gibber's day. 

He was frequently found at Tom's Coffee House, which 
stood at No. 17 Russell Street, Covent Garden, This build- 
ing was taken down in 1865, and on its site was erected the 
National Deposit Bank. 

Mr. Murphy told me also that he was once present at Tom's 
Coffee House, which was only open to subscribers, when Colley 
was engaged at whist, and an old general was his part- 
ner. As the cards were dealt to him, he took up every i^vl^jieJ' 
one in turn, and expressed his disappointment. at every ^.^^ of my 
indifferent one. In the progress of the game he did 
not follow suit, and his partner said, ' What, have you not a spade, 
Mr. Cibber ? ' The latter, looking at his hand, answered, ' Oh, 
yes, a thousand ! ' which drew a very peevish comment from the 
General. On v^^hich, Cibber, who was shockingly addicted to 

swearing, said, ' Don't be angry; for, — , I can play ten 

times worse if I like,' 

I cannot let slip the present opportunity in mentioning that the 

house in which I reside (No. 17 Russell Street, Covent Garden) 

was the famous Tom's Coffee House, memorable in the rpj^.g pg. 

reign of Queen Anne, and for more than half a century scriptive 

>=> ^ ' . -^ Particulars 

afterwards ; the room in which I conduct my busmess of the Eug- 

as a coin-dealer is that which in 1764, by a guinea tion Med- 
subscription among nearly seven hundred of the nobil- ^^^" 
ity, foreign ministers, gentry, and geniuses of the age, became 
the card .room and place of meeting for m-any of the now illus- 
trious dead, till in 1768, when a voluntary subscription among its 
members induced Mr. Haines, the then proprietor, to take in the 
next room westward as a coffee room, and the whole floor en suite 
was constructed card and conversation rooms. 



66 SAMUEL TAYLOtl COLERIDGE. [1772-1834. 



SAMUEL TAYLOE COLEEIDGE. 

1772-1834. 

f~^ OLERIDGE'S associations with London began when he 
^^ was but ten years old. He entered the Bhie Coat 
School on the 18th of July, 1782. Charles Lamb, in his 
Essay, ' Christ-Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago,' describes 
Coleridge's experiences there ; and Coleridge himself has 
frequently told the story of his school life. 

The discipline of Christ-Hospital in my day was extra Spar- 
tan. All domestic ties were to he put aside. ' Boy,' I remember 
^ , ., . Boyer sayiusr to me once when I was cryincj, the first 

Colericlges J J a ^ j o' 

Table Talk, day of my return after the holidays, — ' boy, the school 
is your father ; boy, the school is your mother ; boy, 
the school is your brother ; the school is your sister, boy ; the 
school is your first cousin and your second cousin, and all the rest 
of your relations. Let us have no more crying.' 

Continuing an account of himself at school, Coleridge says : 
'From eight to fourteen I was a playless day-dreamer, a helluo 
librorum, my appetite for which was indulged by a 
man's Life singular incident ; a stranger who was struck by my 
voM c^hatft conversation made me free of a circulating library in 
King Street, Cheapside.' The incident incleed was 
singular. Going down the Strand in one of his day-dreams, fancy- 
ing himself swimming across the Hellespont, thrusting his hands 
before him as in the act of swimming, his hand came in contact 
with a gentleman's pocket ; the gentleman seized his hand, and 
turning round . . . accused him of an attempt to pick his 
pocket ; the frightened boy sobbed out his denial of the intention, 
and explained to him that he thought himself swimming the 
Hellespont. 

Coleridge went to town [in 1782], and Buller placed him in 
the Blue Coat School. The family, being proud, thought them- 



1772-1834.] SAMUEL TAYLOE COLEEIDGE. 67 

selves disgraced by this. His brothers would not let him visit 
them in the school dress, and he would not go in any uenry 
other. The judge invited him to dine in his house Crabb 
every Sunday. One day, however, there was company, Diary, "Au- 
aiid the Blue Coat boy was sent to the second table, s^^^^^'^^^^. 
He was then only nine years old, but he would never go to the 
house again. 

I heard this anecdote from a gentleman who was a school- 
fellow of Coleridge's. Coleridge was wildly rushing through New- 
gate Street to be in time for school, when he upset an „ ^ „ „. 

" ' . / S. C. Halls 

old woman's apple-stall. ' Oh, you little devil ! ' she Retrospect 
exclaimed bitterly. But the boy, noting the mischief Life : Coie- 
he had done, ran back and strove to make the best ^'^^s^- 
amends he could by gathering up the scattered fruit and lament- 
ing the accident. The grateful woman changed her tone, patted 
the lad on the head, and said, 'Oh, you little angel! ' 

Christ-Hospital, in Newgate Street, better known as the 
Blue Coat School, was built in 1553, on the site of the old 
Monastery of Grey Friars. The pupils in 1885 still wore 
the uncomfortable although picturesque dress originally de- 
signed for them in the reign of Edward, the Boy King, who 
was founder of the institution ; and the ' Blue Coat Boys,' 
so frequently met with in the streets of London, are clad 
precisely as were Coleridge, Charles Lamb, Leigh Hunt, and 
many others who became afterwards distinguished men. 

Coleridge was only occasionally in London in the early 
part of the century ; the Continent or the Lake Country of 
England being more to his liking. In 1799 he lodged in 
King Street, Covent Garden; in 1801 he was found in 
Bridge Street, Westminster, the character of which street has 
entirely changed ; and, according to Mr. Rogers, he lodged 
once in Pall Mall. 

Coleridge was a marvellous talker. One morning he talked 
three hours without intermission about poetry, and so admirably 
that I wish every word he uttered had been written down. But 
sometimes his harangues were quite unintelligible, not only to 



58 SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE. [1772^1834. 

myself but to others. Wordsworth and I called upon him one 
forenoon when he was lodging in Pall Mall. He talked uninter- 
ruptedly for about two hours, during which Words- 
m^^wr^n worth listened to him with profound attention, every 

J. Rule X^lK. 

now and then nodding his head as if in assent. On 
quitting the lodging I said to Wordsworth, ' Well, for my own 
part I could not make head or tail of Coleridge's oration ; pray, 
did you understand it ? ' ' Not one syllable of it,' was Words- 
worth's reply. 

In 1810 Coleridge was living at No. 7 Portland Place, 
Hammersmith, a short street off Hammersmith Road ; and 
it is said that he once had lodgings in Edwardes Square, 
Kensington, although his biographers do not record it. In 
1816 he went from No. 42 Norfolk Street, one of a row of 
old-fashioned houses still standing in 1885, next to the Strand 
end of the street, to the house of his friend and biographer, 
John Gilman at the Grove, Highgate, where he spent in com- 
parative retirement the last years of life, and where in 1834 
he died. 

Coleridge's Highgate house was the third in the Grove, — 
counting from the top of Highgate Hill, — facing the Grove, 
and obliquely opposite St. Michael's Church, in which is a 
mural tablet to Coleridge's memory. The house — a roomy, 
respectable brick mansion, two stories high, with a fine out- 
look over Nightingale Lane and Lord Mansfield's Woods, 
towards Hampstead — was standing in 1885 as when Cole- 
ridge died in it fifty years before, except that a new brick 
gable had been lately added, blocking up the end window of 
Coleridge's bedroom, the room in which he breathed his last. 

Dr. B. E. Martin, in a private letter from Highgate in 
J 884, writes : — 

Recently an old laborer here, very old and fearing death, 
sent for the curate of the parish, who discovered that he was 
using laudanum for his rheumatism, and warned him of the 
risks he ran. The old man replied : ' Why, I know better. Par- 



1772-1834.] SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE. 69 

son ; my brother was doctor's boy to Mr. Gilman fifty years or 
more ago, and there was an old chap there called Colingrigs, or 
some such name, as Mr. Gilman thought he was a-curing of drink- 
ing laudanum, and my brother he used to fill a bottle with that 
stuff from Mr. Oilman's own bottles, and hand it to me, and I used 
to put it under my jacket and give it to h'old Colingrigs, and we 
did that for years and it never hurted him.' . . . Mrs. Dutton, a 
charming old lady greatly respected in Highgate, lives in an ivy- 
covered cottage on the Grove, and remembers Coleridge well. 
She used to sit on his knee and prattle to him, and she tells how 
he was followed about the Grove by troops of children for the sake 
of the sweeties of which his pockets were always full. 

Another old lady, as recorded by Hodder in his * Memoirs 
of my Time ' (chap, v.), gives another account of Coleridge's 
life in Highgate : — 

Meadows, in these our pleasant perambulations, was wont to 
speak of an old lady who kept the Lion and Sum Hotel in that 
neighborhood [Highgate]. This was a favorite resort of Coleridge ; 
and the communicative landlady used to remark that he was a 
great talker, and ' when he began there was no stopping him.' 
Whenever she returned to the room, she said, after leaving it for 
a short time, he would still ' be going on,' and sometimes he made 
such a noise that she wished him further. 

The Red Lion and Sun Tavern, an old-fashioned two- 
storied red-tiled sloping-roofed little inn on the North Rpad, 
just beyond Hampstead Lane and the old Gate House, 
was standing in 1885. 

Coleridge was buried in the yard of the old chapel in High- 
gate. His tomb was covered by a large slab. In 1866 the 
New Grammar School was built on these grounds, and the 
grave of Coleridge was enclosed in the crypt of its chapel. 
William Winter, in his 'English Rambles,' published in 
1883, thus describes it as he saw it at that time : — 

He should have been laid in some wild, free place, where the 
grass could grow, and the trees could wave their bTau9hes over 



60 WILLIAM COLLINS. [1720-1757. 

his head. They placed him in-._a ponderous tomb, of gray stone, 
in Highgate Churchyard ; and in later times they reared a new 
building above it, — the Grammar School of the village, — so that 
now the tomb, fenced round with iron, is in a cold, barren, gloomy 
crypt, accessible, indeed, from the churchyard, through several 
arches, but dim and doleful in its surroundings, as if the evil 
and cruel fate that marred his life were, still triumphant over his 
ashes. 

Coleridge in his young days was fond of the Salutation 
and Cat, a public house at No. 17 Newgate Street, where his 
companions at times were Southey and Charles Lamb. This 
tavern, with an entrance on Rose Street, was known of late 
years simply as the Salutation. It was partly destroyed 
by fire in the year 1883. A much earlier Salutation Inn, 
which stood nearly opposite it, between the lodges of Christ- 
Hospital and a few yards back from Newgate Street, has 
long since disappeared. 



WILLIAM COLLINS. 

. 1720-1757. 

TTtTHEN Collins arrived in London in 1744, fresh from 
^ ^ the University, he seems to have made himself very 
conspicuous by his fine clothes, empty pockets, and magnifi- 
cent opinion of his own genius. He was to be found in the 
coffee-houses ; but no record is left of his lodging or home 
life, except that Dr. Johnson visited him once at Islington, 
in what part of that suburb is not known, and that he lived 
at one time iiear Soho Square. 

Going from Oxford to London, he [Collins] commenced a man 
of the town, spending his time in all the dissipation of Banelagh, 



1732-1794.] GEOEGE COLMAN, Sk. 61 

Vauxhall, and the Play houses ; and was romantic enough to 

suppose that his superior abilities would draw the (jju^gj,!- 

attention of the great world by means of whom he winte, in the 
" - . . .. , Gentleman's 

was to make his lortune. ... I met him oiten, and Magazine, 

1781 

remember he lodged in a little house with a Miss 

Bundy, at the corner of King's Square Court, Soho, now [1781] 

a warehouse. 

King's Square Court is that part of the street since called 
Carlisle Street, which runs from Dean Street, Soho, to Great 
Chapel Street. In Collins's day Soho Square was King's 
Square. 

Collins strutted about the Bedford Coffee House on the 
Piazza, Covent Garden (see Churchill), and Slaughter's 
Coffee House, which stood on the west side of St. Martin's 
Lane, three doors from Newport Street, but which was taken 
down when Cranbourn Street was cut through the houses 
of that vicinity to make a new thoroughfare between Long 
Acre and Leicester Square. 



GEOEGE COLMAK, Sr. 

1732-1794. 

/^EORGE COLMAN, Sr., 'the elder Colman,' was a 
^-^ pupil of Westminster School (see Churchill, p. 50). 

In his youth he lived with his widowed mother near Rosa- 
mond's Pond in the southwest corner of St. James's Park. 
The pond was filled up in 1772, and the house taken down. 

Colman was a member of the Society of Lincoln's Inn, 
and lived at one time in Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn 
Fields. He also lived in the left-hand corner of Bateman's 
Buildings, on the south side of Soho Square. It occupies 
the site of the gardens of the Puke of Monmouth, whose 



62 GEORGE COLMAN, Jk. [1762-1836. 

watchword on the night of Sedgemoor was ' Soho,' and was 
unchanged in 1885. Some years before his death, Colman 
lived in retirement in Richmond, a short distance west of 
Richmond Bridge, and he died in a retreat for the insane at 
Paddington. He was buried in the Church of St. Mary the 
Virgin, Kensington High Street. The old church has been 
removed, but a tablet to Colman's memory is to be found in 
the north transept of the new building erected on its site. 

Kensington Church, as I remember it in my boyhood, was 

one of the few really picturesque buildings of the kind near 

London. It was, of course, by no means worthy of a 

mstoi'^' of parish which can boast of such aristocratic residents 

London, vol. and neighbors as the Kensington of to-day, but it har- 

ii. chap. XXI. ° _ _ " 

monized well with what is left of Old Kensington 
Square. . . . The old church, with its quaint curved gable to 
the street corner, and its well-weathered red brick, has also dis- 
appeared. 

Colman frequented Tom's Coffee House, No. 17 Russell 
Street, Covent Garden (see Cibber). Among other clubs, 
he was a member of the Beefsteak Club, which met in Co- 
vent Garden Theatre (see Churchill), and of the Dilettanti 
Society, which met, in Colman's day, at Parsloe's, St. 
James's Street, a tavern familiar to the literary men of more 
than one generation. It disappeared early in the nineteenth 
century. 



GEORGE COLMAN, Jr. 

1762-1836. 

' npHE younger Colman.' like his father, was educated 
at Westminster School. He was a student of Lin- 
coln's Inn, and occupied chambers in King's Bench W^Ik, 
Inner Temple, 



1670-1729.] WILLIAM CONGREVE. 63 

He lived with his father for a time in Soho Square, and 
was a member of the Beefsteak Club. 

He was married in St. Luke's, Chelsea (Chelsea Old 
Church), in 1788, and died at No. 22 Brompton Square, 
Knightsbridge, the numbers of which have not been 
changed. 

He was buried by the side of his father in the vaults of 
Kensington Church. 



WILLIAM CONGEEVE. 

1670-1729. 

/'"^ONGREVE came to London in his twenty-first year, 
^-^ and entered the Middle Temple, where he remained 
for some time. He lived, successively, in Southampton 
Street, Howard Street, and Surrey Street, Strand, in houses 
that it is not possible to identify now, even if they stilh 
stand, which is not at all probable. Streets were not num- 
bered until after Congreve's day. In Howard Street Mrs. 
Bracegirdle was his neighbor. 

Congreve was very intimate for years with Mrs. Bracegirdle, 
and lived in the same street, his house very near hers, 
until his acquaintance with the young Duchess of Anecdotes: 
Marlborough. He then quitted that house. The Memoran- 
Duchess showed me [Dr. Youngl a diamond necklace ^^^"^ Book, 

i- ^-^ 1757. 

that cost seven thousand pounds, and was purchased 

with the money Congreve left her. How much better would it 

have been to have given it to poor Mrs. Bracegirdle ! 

It was while living in Surrey Street, in 1728, that Con- 
gi'eve received the memorable visit from Voltaire, in which 
he was so justly rebuked by the French philosopher. 



64 ABEAHAM COWLEY. [1618-1667. 

Congreve spoke of his works as trifles that were beneath him, 
and hinted to me in our first conversation that I should visit him 

upon no other footing than upon that of a gentle- 
Letters^on 1^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^® °^ plainness and simplicity. I 
the English answered that had he been so unfortunate as to be a 
Nation. , t i -i i 7 1 • 

mere gentleman, I should never have come to see him ; 

and I was very much disgusted at so unreasonable a piece of 
vanity. 

Congreve died in Surrey Street, and lies in the south aisle 
of the nave of Westminster Abbey, not far from the grave 
of Mrs. Oldfield. 

Having lain in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, he was 

buried in Westminster Abbey, where a monument 

Lh'esofthe ^^ erected to his memory by Henrietta, Duchess of 

Poets : Con- Marlborough, to whom, for reasons either not known 

■ or not mentioned, he bequeathed a legacy of about ten 

thousand pounds. 

One of Congreve's favorite taverns was the Half Moon, 
which has long since disappeared, but the site of which is 
believed to be marked by Half Moon Passage, No. 158 
Aldersgate Street. 

He was also a member of the Kit Kat Club (see Addi- 
son, p. 8). 



ABEAHAM COWLEY. 

1618-1667. 

^ OWLEY, the son of a grocer, was born in Fleet Street, 
^-^ near Chancery Lane. His father's house is known 
to have 'abutted on Sargeant's Inn,' but no trace of it 
now remains. • Izaak Walton must have been his near 
neighbor there. 



1618-1667.1 ABRAtlAM COWLEY. 65 

He was a pupil of Westminster School (see Churchill, 
p. 50), and went to Cambridge in 1636. In his Essays 
(XL, ' On Myself,') he says : — 

When I was a very young lad at school, instead of running on 
holidays and playing with my fellows, I was wont to steal from 
them and walk in the fields, either alone with a book or with 
some one companion, if I could find any of the same temper. 

Cowley had but little experience of London ; and as his 
biographies show, he soon grew weary of city life, and sought 
rural quiet and retirement, first at Battersea, then at Barn- 
Elms, and finally at Chertsey, where he died. In his later 
years he is said to have shown a strange and marked aversion 
to female society, leaving a room the moment a woman 
entered it. 

Cowley House ... in which Cowley spent his last days, is 
on the west side of Guildford Street [Chertsey], near the railway 
station. ... It was a little house, with ample gardens 

. . Thome's 

and pleasant meadows attached. Not of brick indeed, Hand-Book 
but half timber, with a fine old oak staircase and chertsey.^' 
balusters, and one or two wainscoted chambers, which 
yet [1876] remain much as when Cowley dwelt there, as do also 
the poet's study, a small closet with a view meadow-ward to St. 
Anne's Hill, and the room, overlooking the road, in which he 
died. He lived here little more than two years in all. 

The greater part of this house was taken down, and again 
rebuilt in 1878. 

Cowley's allowance was at last not above three hundred a 

year. He died at Chertsey ; and his death was occasioned by a 

mean accident, whilst his great friend. Dean Sprat, was 

.... ' . . , ° ^, , , , 1 Spence's 

With hun on a visit there. They had been together Anecdotes, 

to see a neighbor of Cowley's, who, according to the 1728-30. ' 

fashion of those times, made them too welcome. 

They did not set out for their walk home till it was too late, 

and had drank so deep that they lay in the fields all night. 

5 



66 WILLIAM COWPEE. [1731-1800. 

This gave Cowley the fever that carried him. off. The parish, 
still talks of the drunken Dean. 

It is but just to the memory of Cowley to say that other 
authorities assert that the cold which ended his life was con- 
tracted while he was ' staying too long in the fields to give 
directions to his laborers.' When Charles II. heard of his 
death he is said to have exclaimed, 'Mr. Cowley has not 
left behind him a better man in England.' Few men of 
Mr. Cowley's guild in England are more entirely forgotten 
in the Victorian age. 

Cowley was buried in the Abbey, ' next to Chaucer's monu- 
ment,' August 3, 1667. 

Went to Mr. Cowley's funeral, whose corpse lay at Walling- 
ford House [the site of which is occupied by the Admiralty 
Office on Whitehall], and was thence conveyed to 
Diary, An- Westminster Abbey, in a hearse with six horses, and 
gusts, 1667. ^Yl funeral decency ; near a hundred coaches, of noble- 
men and persons of quality following, among them all the wits 
of the town, divers bishops and clergymen. 



WILLIAM COWPER 

• 1731-1800. 

/"^OWPER was a pupil of Westminster School from his 
^-^ tenth to his eighteenth year, which were probably the 
happiest years of his life. Among his schoolfellows were 
Warren Hastings, Cumberland, and Churchill. 

The time of William Cowper seems now, so far as West- 
minster is concerned, equally remote. It was in the churchyard 
of St. Margaret's, while he was a scholar at Westminster, that he 



1731-1800.] WILLIAM COWPEB. 67 

received one of those impressions wliicli had so strong an effect 
on his after life. Crossing the burial-ground one dark evening, 
towards his home in the school, he saw the glimmering Lof^jg-g 
lantern of a grave-digger at work. He approached to ^^^*?^y °^ 
look on, with a "boyish craving for horrors, and was vol. ii. 
struck by a skull heedlessly thrown out of the crowded '^ ^^^' ^^^' 
earth. To the mind of William Cowper such an accident had 
an extraordinary significance. In after life he remembered it 
as the occasion of religious emotions not easily suppressed. On 
the south side of the church, until the recent restorations, there 
was a stone the inscription of which suggests the less gloomy 
view of Cowper's character. It marked the burial-place of 
Mr. John Gilpin ; the date was not to be made out, but it must 
have been fresh when Cowper was at school, and it would be 
absurd to doubt that the future poet had seen it, and perhaps 
unconsciously adopted from it the name of his hero. 

After leaving Westminster School, Cowper went into 
solitary lodgings in the Middle Temple; but in 1754 or 
1755 he took 'chambers in the Inner Temple, where for a 
number of years he devoted much of his time to composi- 
tion, and not a little of it to thoughts of love, — for it was 
here that he met his first great sorrow in life in the refusal 
of his family to permit his marriage with his cousin, and it 
was here that his mental derangement led to his attempt 
at suicide. After his removal in 1764 to the Asylum for 
the Insane, on St. Peter Street, St. Albans, he resolved to 
return no more to London, and probably never saw the me- 
tropolis again.® In none of the published Lives of Cowper, 
nor in the autobiographical fragment printed by Grimshaw, 
is any hint given as to the exact sites of Cowper's homes 
in the Temple, or elsewhere in London. 

He completed the weary Task of his life in 1800. 

When Cowper lived in the Temple he was frequently to 
be found at ' Dick's Coffee House,' No. 8 Fleet Street, near 
Temple Bar, then called * Richard's ' (see Addison, p. 8). 



68 GEOtlGE CRABBE [1754-1832. 



GEOEGE CEABBE. 

1754-1832. 

CRABBE 'took lodgings near the Exchange' when he 
arrived in London, a literary adventurer, in 1780. In 
1817 he lodged at IsTo. 37 Bury Street, St. James's, rebuilt 
and a hotel in 1885. He was a welcome guest at Holland 
House (see Addison, p. 4), at thr house of Mr. Murray the 
publisher, No. 50 A, Albemarle Street, Piccadilly (see Byron, 
p. 33), and at the house of Edmund Burke, in Charles Street, 
St. James's Square (see Burke, p. 28) ; but the greater part of 
his life was spent in the rural parishes of England, and 
London rarely saw him. He was a frequent guest at ' The 
Hill,' the house of his friend Lemuel Hoare, at North End, 
Hampstead Heath. It was, in 1885, a large yellow brick 
mansion that had been renewed, although its old gate-posts 
were retained. It faced the east, the last house on the 
Heath, and at the top of Hendon Eoad. 

In one of his letters he says, ' I rhyme with a great deal 
of facility at Hampstead.' 

In his Diary, July 15, 1817, he records the writing of 
' some lines in the solitude of Somerset House, not fifty 
yards from the Thames on one side, and the Strand on the 
other, but quiet as the lands of Arabia.' 

One of Crabbe's later resorts in London was the Hum- 
mums, on the southeast corner of the Market Place, Covent 
Garden, an old-fashioned hotel, still frequented in 1885 by 
the sons and grandsons of the men who knew and met Mr. 
Crabbe there. It boasts of its successive generations of 
patrons and guests, but is soon to be destroyed. 



1701-1770.] ALEXANDER CRUDEK 69 

Crabbe, after his literary reputation had been established, was 
staying for a few days at the old Hummums ; but he was known 
to the coflee-room and to the waiters merely as ' Mr. Rogers's 
Crabbe/ One forenoon, when he had gone out, a gen- '^^^^^ ^^l^- 
tleraan called on him, and while expressing his regret at not find- 
ing hini, happened to let drop the information that Mr. Crabbe 
was the celebrated poet. The next time that Crabbe entered the 
coffee-room he was perfectly astonished at the sensation which he 
caused ; the company were all eagerness to look at him, the waiters 
all officiousness to serve him. 



ALEXANDEE CRUDEK 

1701-1770. ^ 

/'^RUDEN settled in London in 1732, and opened a book- 
^^ stall under the Royal Exchange. Here he prepared 
and published, in 1737, his 'Concordance,' the financial re- 
sults of which were so disastrous as to ruin him in business 
and derange his mind. This Exchange, on the site of the 
present building, was destroyed by fire in 1838, and no trace 
of Cruden's shop remains. 

Cruden was confined for a time in a private madhouse in 
Bethnal Green, from which he escaped. 

His subsequent London homes were somewhere in the 
Savoy, in Upper Street, Islington, and later in Camden 
Passage, Islington Green. 

After residing about a year at Aberdeen, he returned to Lon- 
don and resumed his lodgings at Islington [in Cam- j^^m Nel- 
den Passaofel where he died on the morning of Novem- son's His- 
ber 1, 1770, in the sixty-nmth year of his age. When linston, 
the person of the house went to inform him that his ' ^' 



70 RICHABD CUMBEHLANB. [1732-1811. 

breakfast was ready, he was found dead on his knees in the pos- 
ture of prayer. He had complained for some days of an asthmatic 
affection, one of the paroxysms of which probably terminated his 
life. 

Camden Passage, running from Camden Street, Islington, 
southerly, behind the High Street, and parallel with that 
thoroughfare, was in 1885 a short narrow crooked lane be- 
tween rows of one- and two-storied brick houses, dingy, and 
some of them as old, probably, as Cruden's time ; but his 
house, or the exact position of it, cannot now be discovered. 

Cruden was buried in the ground of the Dissenters in 
Deadman's Place, Southwark, which was described as being 
*the second turning in Park Street on the left from the 
Borough Market.' The cemetery is no longer in existence. 
The Brewery of Barclay and Perkins occupies a portion of 
its site. 



EICHAED CUMBEELAND. 

1732-1811. 

CUMBERLAND entered Westminster School (see 
Churchill, p. 50) in 1744, when he boarded in 
' Peters Street, two doors from the turning out of College 
Street,' — a vague address, as Peters Street and Great 
College Street both run east and west. 

Cum'ber- I remained in Westminster School, as well as I can 

land's IMg- 

mnirotHim- recollect, half a year in the shell, and one year in the 
self, chap. i. ^.^^^|^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ^ When only in my fourteenth year, 

I was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge. 

At Westminster, with him, were the elder Colman, Cowper, 
Churchill, and Warren Hastings. 



1784-1842.] ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 71 "^ 

In his twentieth year, upon becoming Secretary to Lord 
Halifax, he found lodgings in Downing Street, and after- 
wards in Mount Street, Berkeley Square. 

In my lodgings in Mount Street, I had stocked myseK with 
my own books, some of my father's, and those which 
Dr. Richard Bentley had bestowed upon me. I sought land's Me- 

. ^ T r , • moir of 

no company, nor wisned. lor any new connections. . . . Himself, 
About this time I made my first small offering to the ^^^^^' ^^' 
press, following the steps of Gray with another ' Churchyard 
Elegy,' written on St. Mark's Eve. 

Cumberland, after his marriage, ' took a house for a short 
time in Luke Street, Westminster, and afterwards in Abing- 
don Buildings.' Abingdon Buildings ran from Abingdon 
Street to the Thames, opposite Great College Street. It dis- 
appeared on the erection of the new Houses of Parliament. 

Later, Cumberland lived for many years in Queen Anne 
Street, at the corner of Wimpole Street. Here he wrote 
the ' West Indian,' and here, probably, he remained until 
he removed to Tunbridge "Wells, in 1781. 

Cumberland was again in London during the last few years 
of his life, and he died at the house of a friend in Bedford 
Place, Kussell Square. He was buried close to Shakspere's 
statue, in the Poets' Corner. 



ALLAN CUNNINGHAM. 

1784-1842. 

A LLAN CUNNINGHAM lived from 1824 until the time 

■^ of his death, eighteen years later, at No. 27 Lower 

Belgrave Place, in a house \mchanged in 188.5, but then 

known as No. 98 Buckingham Palace Road. He was foreman 



72 MADAME B'ARBLAY. [1752-1840. 

for many years in the studio of Chantrey, on the corner of 
Lower Belgrave Place and Eccleston Street, still standing, 
half a century later, as Chantrey left it, and called Chan- 
trey House. 

Cunningham was buried in the northwest corner of the 
cemetery of Kensal Green. 

Mrs. Thomson, in her 'Recollections of Literary Char- 
acters,' thus describes her first interview with Cunningham 
in Chantrey's studio : — 

Covered vi^ith a sort of apron or pinafore, such as good old- 
fashioned cooks used to put on when cooking, a small chisel in 
his hand, his face wearing a j)uzzled look, and emerging from 
a half-finished monument, came forth Allan Cunningham. . . . 
' There are some pretty things here,' he remarked, in his broad 
Scotch, — the broadest Scotch, — a Scotch never diluted by the 
slightest approach to English, — a Scotch just intelligible, and 
that is all. 



MADAME D'ARBLAY. 

1752-1840. 

"rj^ANNY BURNEY was brought to London by her par- 
-^ ents in 1760; and when her mother died, during the 
next year, she was at school near her father's house in Queen 
Square, Bloomsbury, perhaps under the tuition of Churchill 
(see Churchill, p. 51). In 1774, when Dr. Burney was 
organist to Chelsea ' Hospital she lived in the grounds be- 
longing to that institution. 

Portions of 'Evelina' were written at l^o. 35 St. Martin's 
Street, Leicester Square. 

Numerous were the friends who frequented Dr. Burney's 
hospitable residence in Poland Street [Oxford Street], and also 



1752-1840.] MADAME D'AKBLAY. 73 

that in Queen Square, wliich he afterwards occupied. The lat- 
ter he subsequently exchanged for the house in St. ^^^ 
Martin's Street, which had once been the abode of Elwood's 
Sir Isaac Newton, and where still remained, above Ladies of 
the attic, his observatory [see Newton], which, with voi^u"*^' 
due reverence, Dr. Burney caused to be repaired and ^.^^u?® 
preserved. 

A letter of Miss Burney's, dated 1785, was written *at 
Mrs. Delaney's, in St. James's Place,' St. James's Street. 
She became Madame D'Arblay in 1793; and after a long 
residence on the Continent, and at Bath and elsewhere in 
the provinces of England, she settled in London in 1818. 

Thursday, October 18, 1818. — I came this evening to my new 
and probably last dwelling, No. 11 Bolton Street, Piccadilly, 
My kind James conducted me. Oh, how heavy is my 
forlorn heart ! I have made myself very busy all day ; D'ArWay's 
so only could 1 have supported this first opening to my ^^^^' 
baleful desolation. No adored husband. No beloved son. But 
the latter is only at Cambridge. Ah ! let me struggle to think 
more of the other, the first, the chief, as only one removed from 
my sight by a transitory journey. 

Sir Walter Scott was taken by Eogers to call on Madame 
D'Arblay in Bolton Street. 

November 18. — I have been introduced to Madame D'Arblay, 
the celebrated authoress of ' Evelina ' and ' Cecilia,' g^Q^^.g 
an elderly lady with no remains of personal beauty. Diary, i826: 
but with a simple and gentle manner, and pleasing ex- Life of 
pression of countenance, and apparently quiet feelings. ^° " 

Madame D'Arblay's house was standing in 1885, the num- 
bers in Bolton Street being unchanged. 

Afterwards she went to the corner of Piccadilly and Half 
Moon Street, on the east side of the latter thoroughfare; 
but the house no longer remains. She died in Lower 
Grosvenor Street, New Bond Street, in 184:0. 



74 WILLIAM DAVENANT. [1605-1668. 

WILLIAM DAYENANT, 

1605-1668, 

jF Davenant's private life in London little is known now, 
except that the first Lady Davenant died in Castle 
Yard (since called Castle Street), Holborn, — a short street 
opposite Furnival's Inn, the character of which has entirely 
changed during the last two centuries, — and that Davenant 
himself died in apartments over or immediately adjoining 
the Duke's Theatre, Portugal Eow, the site of which w^as 
afterwards occupied by the College of Surgeons. The chief 
entrance to the theatre, which ran back to the south side of 
Lincoln's Inn Fields, was on Portugal Street, facing Carey 
Street. 

The Tennis Court in Little Lincolnes Inne Fielde was turned 
into a play house for the Duke of Yorke's players, where S' Wil- 
liam had lodgings, and where he dyed April 166- 
Lives : [1668]. I was at his fnnerall ; he had a coflS.n of 

Davenant. ^^Inutt-tree. Sir John Denham said 'twas the finest 
cofiin that ever he sawe. His body was carried in a hearse 
from the play house to Westminster Abbey, where at the great 
west dore he was received by the singing men and choris- 
ters, who sang the service of the church to his grave, which is 
in the south crosse aisle, on which, on a paving stone of mar- 
ble is writt m imitation of y* on Ben Jonson, ' rare S' Wm. 
Davenant.' 

I up and down to the Duke of York's play house to see, which 
I did, Sir W. Davenant's corpse carried out towards 
Diar^f vol. Westminster, there to be buried. Here were many 
1668^^"^ ^' coaches, and many hacknies, that made it look, 
methought, as if it were the buriall of a poor poet. 
He seemed to have many children, by five or six in the first 
mourning coach, all boys. 



1748-1789.] THOMAS DAY. 75 

Davenant directed theatrical performances at Eutland 
House, which stood at the upper end of Aldersgate Street, 
near what has since been called Charter House Square ; and 
at the Cock Pit Theatre, in Cock Pit Alley, afterwards called 
Pitt Place, Drury Lane. This theatre was long since taken 
down ; and the street upon which it stood, and which ran 
from No. 20 Great Wild Street to No. 135 Drury Lane, 
entirely disappeared on the erection of the Peabody Build- 
ings for Workingmen. Davenant's name is also associated 
with the Eed Bull Theatre in Red Bull Yard, Clerkenwell ; 
no trace of which, or even of the street that contained it 
now remains. Red Bull Yard is shown, by comparison with 
old maps, to be the present (1885) Woodbridge Street, or 
part of it ; and the theatre probably stood behind the arch- 
way called Hay ward's Place, St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, 
opposite Compton Street. 

One of Davenant's haunts was the Brew House in Axe 
Yard, Westminster, afterwards Fluyder Street, on the west 
side of King Street, between Charles and Downing Streets. 
It is now covered by the public ofiices (see Pepys). 



THOMAS DAY. 

1748-1789. 



'T^HE author of ' Sandford and Merton ' was born in 
"*- Wellclose Square, Shadwell. As a child he lived at 
Stoke Newington, where he received the first rudiments of 
his education. In 1757 he was sent to the Charter House 
(see Addison, p. 1), where he remained seven years. He 
was a student of the Middle Temple j but the greater part of 
his life was spent at Anuingsley Park, Addlestone, Surrey. 



76 DANIEL DE EOE. [1661-1731. 



DANIEL DE FOE. 

1661-1731. 

'P^ANIEL DE FOE, son of James Foe, a butcher, was 
^-^ born in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate ; and at 
the age of twelve was sent to the Dissenters' School, on the 
north side of Newington Green, near the Dissenting Chapel, 
where he remained four years, and received all the educa- 
tion his father was willing, or able, to. give him. One of 
his schoolmates is said to have been named Crusoe. 

In 1685 De Foe occupied a shop in Freeman's Court, 
Cornhill, at the east end of the Royal Exchange, a street 
no longer in existence. Here he remained in trade as a 
hosier and wool-dealer for ten years. He was afterwards 
engaged in the manufacture of tiles and bricks on the 
banks of the Thames at or near Tilbury, when he lived 
close to his place of business, and spent much of his leisure 
on the river. 

In January, 1703, the House of Commons resolved that 
a book of his should be burned by the Common Hangman 
in Palace Yard, Westminster; and the Secretary of State 
issued the following interesting proclamation, still preserved 
in the Records : — 

Whereas, Daniel De Foe, alias De Fooe, is charged with 
writing a scandalous and seditious pamphlet entitled * The Short- 
est Way with the Dissenters.' He is a middle-sized spare man, 
about forty years old, of a brown complexion, and dark brown 
colored hair, but wears a wig ; a hooked nose, a sharp chin, gray 
eyes, and a large mole near his mouth. 

A reward of fifty pounds was offered for his discovery and 
arrest. 



1661-1731.] DANIEL DE POE. 77 

On the 29th mst. [July, 1703] Daniel Foe, alias De Foe, 
stood in the pillory before the Eoyal Exchange in London 
Cornhill, as he did yesterday near the Conduit in Jy^fyf' 
Cheapside, and this day at Temple Bar, i7ya. 

Other missiles than were wont to greet a pillory, reached 
.De Foe ; and shouts of a different temper. His health was 

drunk with acclamations as he stood there, and noth- t i irr 

' John Forg- 

ing harder than a flower was flung at him. ' The ter's Bio- 
people were expected to treat me very ill,' he said. Essays : 
' but it was not so. On the contrary, they were with ^ ^°^' 
me, wished those who had set me there were placed in my room, 
and expressed their affection by loud shouts and acclamations 
when I was taken down.' 

* The Great Conduit of sweet water ' was at the Poultry 
end, the Little Conduit at the west end, of Cheapside. 
Both stood in the middle of the street. 

Shortly after his release from prison De Foe took his 
family to Stoke ISTewfngtou. 

His house is still standing [1845]. It is on the south side 
of Church Street, a little to the east .of Lordship's „ . , 
Lane or Road, and has about four acres of ground BiograpM- 
attached, bounded on the west by a narrow footway De Foe. 
(once, if not still) called ' Cut-throat Lane.' 

'Robinson Crusoe,' published in 1719, is said to have 
been written in this house, which was destroyed in 1875, 
when De Foe Street was cut through its grounds. 

Sophia De Foe was baptized, and Daniel De Foe, an 
infant, was buried, in Hackney Church. Both were children 
of Daniel De Foe. Old Hackney Church was taken down 
in 1806, and only the tower left standing. 

De Foe died on the 24th of April, 1731, in the parish in 
which he was born, — that of St. Giles, Cripplegate. Forster 
says : — 

The precise place of De Foe's death was in Rope Makers' Alley, 
Moorfields. Of this fact there can be no reasonable doubt, it 



78 THOMAS DE QUINCEY. [1786-1859. 

being so stated in the ' Daily Courant ' of the day following his 
death. Rope Makers' Alley no longer exists, but it stood opposite 
to where the London Institution now stand's. 

The London Institution, built in 1816, stood in 1885 at 
Nos. 11"* and 12 Finsbury Circus. Rope Makers' Alley, as 
shown on an old map of that portion of London contained 
in K^oorthhouck's ' History of London,' and published in 
1772, ran from Finsbury Pavement to Grub Street, now 
Milton Street, and seems to be identical with the Rope 
Makers' Street of the present. Its character has greatly 
changed during the last hundred and fifty years. 

De Foe was buried in the neighboring cemetery of Bunhill 
Fields; where stood, in 1885, a granite obelisk with an in- 
scription stating that it was erected in 1870 'By the Boys 
and Girls of England to the Memory of the Author of 
Robinson Crusoe.' 



THOMAS DE QUINCEY. 

1786-1859. 

TT was late in November, 1802, when De Quincey, having 
■*■ run away froni school, first arrived in London. He 
found miserable lodgings in Greek Street at the corner ot 
Soho Square, and for some time lived the life of a vagrant 
in the streets and in the parks. 

He bought his first dose of opium in 1804 at a chemist's 
shop in Oxford Street near the Pantheon, which was num- 
bered 173 Oxford Street in 1885. 

In 1808 and later, he lodged in Titchfield Street, Dean 
Street, Soho, and in Northumberland Street, Marylebone. 
About the same time he entered himself as a student in 
the Middle Temple. 



1812-1870.] CHAELES DICKENS. 79 

The 'Confessions of an Opium Eater' were written in 
a little back-room at No. 4 York Street, Covent Garden, 
on tiie premises of Mr. Bohn, the book dealer and publisher, 
where De Quincey lived a comparatively secluded life for 
some time, seeing much, however, of Hood, Hogarth, and the 
Lambs. Mr. Bohn retired from business some years ago ; 
but his house in York Street, occupied in 1885 by a publish- 
ing-firm, was quite unchanged. 



CHAELES DICKENS. 

1812-1870. 

"DORN at Portsea, Dickens was brought to London as 
^-^ a child, loved London as only London, it seems, can 
be loved, spent the greater part of his busy life in London, 
and rests now among London's cherished dead. 

In Forster's biography we can follow Dickens from street 
to street in the metropolis, until we leave him in the Poets' 
Corner, on the banks of that Thames he knew so well. 
At the age of ten he was lodging in Bay ham Street, Cam- 
den Town. ' A washerwoman lived next door, and a Bow 
Street officer lived over the way.' The life and the sur- 
roundings there were miserable enough. 

The family then moved to No. 4 North Gower Street 
(now simply Gower Street), on the east side, a few doors 
from Francis Street, and between that thoroughfare and 
University Street. It has been renifmbered. A large brass 
plate on the door told to the world that this was ' Mrs. 
Dickens's Establishment.' Here they remained until the 
elder Dickens was carried, like Mr. Dorrit, to the Marshal- 



80 CHARLES DICKENS. [1812-1870. 

sea. The prisoner was lodged *in the top story but one,* 
in chambers afterwards occupied by the Dorrits, and Charles 
for a time ran daily to visit him from Gower Street, across 
the town and the river. 

That certain portions of the Marshalsea are still standing 
is not generally known. Indeed, the fact was not known to 
Dickens himself when he began ' Little Dorrit ; ' but in the 
Preface to that story he gives this account of a visit to it : — 

I found the outer front court-yard metamorphosed into a but- 
ter shop ; and I then almost gave up every brick of the jail for 
lost. Wandering, however [from the Borough High Street, a few 
doors from the Church of St. George], down a certain adjacent 
* Angel Court leading to Bermondsey,' I came to * Marshalsea 
Place ; ' . . . and whosoever goes here will find his feet on the 
very paving-stones of the extinct Marshalsea jail, — will see its 
narrow yard to the right and to the left, very little altered, 
if at all, except that the walls were lowered when the place got 
free, — will look upon the rooms in which the debtors lived, 
and will stand among the crowded ghosts of many miserable 
years. 

The place still remained in 1 885 as Dickens has described 
it f and the associations of David Copperfield with the mel- 
ancholy spot are those of the young Charles Dickens, who 
knew it as well as David knew it, and in much the same 
way. 

Dr. B. E. Martin, in his admirable paper ' In London 
with Dickens' ('Scribner's Magazine,' March, 1881), tells 
how little is left of the early homes and haunts of the great 
novelist. 

The blacking- warehouse at Old Hungerford Stairs, Strand, op- 
posite Old Hungerford Market, in which he tied up the pots 'of 
blacking, has long since been torn down. That ' crazy old house 
with a wharf of its own, abutting on the water when the tide was 
in, and on the mud when the tide was out, and literally overrun 
with rats,' is now replaced by a row of stone buildings ; the 



1812-1870.3 CHARLES DICKENS. 81 

embankment has risen over the mud, and the vast Charing Cross 
Station stands opposite, on the site of the Old Hmigerford Market, 
and of ' The Swan, or Swan and something else/ — the miserable 
old public where he used to get his bread and cheese and glass of 
beer. The very name of the street is gone, and Villiers Street 
has sponged out the memory of Hungerford Stairs. . . . Indeed, 
it is no longer possible to find any of the places he mentions in 
his narrative to Forster. . . . Bayham Street, where he lived, is 
entirely rebuilt. 

During the residence of the elder Dickens in the Mar- 
shalsea his son found lodgings in a back attic in Lant Street 
Borough, where he afterwards placed Bob Sawyer. ' It 's 
near Guy's, and handy for me, you know. Little distance 
after you 've passed St. George's Church, — turns out of the 
High Street on the right-hand side the way.' Mr. Sawyer 
does not give the number in asking Mr. Pickwick and ' the 
other chaps ' to the famous party ; but Lant Street un- 
doubtedly still stands as Mr. Pickwick found it, and as the 
young Dickens knew it in 1822-24. 

It is a by-street, and its dulness is soothing. A house in Lant 
Street would not come within the denomination of a first-rate 
residence, in the strict acceptance of the term, bat it is pidnvick, 
a most desirable spot, nevertheless. If a man wished ^^^P- ^^^• 
to abstract himself from the world, to remove himself from 
within the reach of temptation, to place himself beyond the 
possibility of any inducement to look out of the window, he 
should by all means go to Lant Street. 

It was during this period that Dickens ordered the * glass 

of Genuine Stunning Ale,' and excited the sympathy and 

won the motherly kiss of the publican's wife, so pathetically 

told in ' Copperfield.' In a private letter, late in life, he 

declares this to have been an actual experience, and that 

the public house was the Red Lion, still standing in 1885 

on the northeast comer of Derby and Parliament Streets, 

Westminster. 

6 



82 CHABLES DICKENS. [1812-1870. 

Of the many lodging-house homes of the Dickenses there 
is no particular reason to speak here. Little that is inter- 
esting is associated with them. The original Mrs. Pipchin 
was his landlady in Little College Street, Camden Town, now 
College Street, between Jeffreys Street and King's Eoad ; 
and the original of the Marchioness waited on the family 
while they were in the Marshalsea. 

Dickens's first school of any importance was described by 
one of his schoolfellows in 1871, as still standing on the 
corner of Granby Street and the Hampstead Road, in its 
original state, although the school playground in the rear 
was destroyed on the formation of the London and North- 
western Railway. It figures in one of his papers entitled 
'Our School,' and its masters suggested Mr. Creakle and 
Mr. Mell of Salem House. In 1885 it remained compara- 
tively unchanged. 

Dickens was living in Furnival's Inn, Holborn, when 
' Pickwick ' was conceived and written ; here w^as spent 
the first year or two of his married life, and here, in 1837, 
his eldest son was born. John Westlock, it will be remem- 
bered, lived in Furnival's Inn. 

His rooms were the perfection of neatness and convenience, 
Chuzziewit, ^.t any rate ; and if he were anythiiiig but comfortable, 
chap. xiv. ^}^Q fault was certainly not theirs. 

Perhaps Dickens thought of his own young married life, 
when he painted sweet Ruth Pinch looking out upon the 
twilight into the shady quiet place, while her brother was 
absorbed in music, and her brother's friend stood silently 
but eloquently by her side. 

In March, 1837, Dickens took his little family to No. 48 
Doughty Street, Mecklenburgh Square, — a house still 
standing in 1885, — where he remained three years; and 
wrote .'Oliver Twist' and 'Nicholas Nickleby.' 

Doughty Street runs from Mecklenburgh Square to John 



1812-1870.] CHABLES DICKENS. 83 

Street, a quiet retired little street, cut off, at the John Street 
end, by iron gates, which are only opened for carts and 
carriages that have business in the street itself. Tiie prop- 
erty belongs to the notorious Tichborne Estate, and by 
them is sacredly held as No Thoroughfare to the general 
public. 

Late in the year 1839 Dickens removed to No. 1 Devon- 
shire Terface, Regent'^Park. ' A house of great promise 
(and great premium), undeniable situation and excessive 
splendor, is in view.' Here he lived, while in London, until 
1851, during which time he wrote, in the order named, 
'The Curiosity Shop,' ' Barnaby Rudge,' 'American Notes,' 
' Martin Chuzzlewit,' ' Christmas Carol,' ' The Chimes,' 
'The Cricket on the Hearth,' ' Dombey and Son,' 'The 
Battle of Life,' ' The Haunted Man,' and ' David Copper- 
field.' A drawing of the Devonshire Terrace House, by 
Maclise, is reproduced in the third volume of Forster's 
'Life of Dickens.' It was here that he lost by death, 
in 1841, the raven who figures in * Barnaby Rudge' as 
*Grip,' and whose last hours he so beautifully described 
in the letter now preserved in the Forster Collection at 
South Kensington. 

Towards eleven o'clock he was so much worse that it was 
found necessary to muffle the stable knocker. . . . On the clock 
striking twelve he appeared slightly agitated ; but he soon re- 
covered, walked twice or thrice along the coach-house, stopped to 
bark, staggered, exclaimed, ' Helloa, old girl ! ' (his favorite 
expression), and died. Kate is as well as can he expected, but 
terribly low, as you may suppose. The children seem rather glad 
of it. He bit their ankles ; but that was play. 

Devonshire Terrace consists of three houses at the north 
end of High Street, Marylebone. No. 1, in 1885, was a 
large brick mansion, with a garden, on the corner of Maryle- 
bone Road, 



84 CHARLES DICKENS. [1812-1870. 

Dickens moved to Tavistock House, Tavistock Square, in 
October, 1851. 

In Tavistock Square stands Tavistock House. This and the 
strip of garden in front of it are shut out from the thoroughfare 
by an iron railing. A large garden with a grass plat 
Christian and high trees stretches behind the house, and gives it a 
Anaersen. countrified look in the midst of this coal and gas steam- 
ing London. In the passage from street to garden hiiiig pictures 
and engravings. Here stood a marble bust of Dickens, so like 
him, so youthful and handsome ; and over a bedroom door and a 
dining-room door were inserted the bas-reliefs of Night and Day, 
after Thorwaldsen. On the first floor was a rich library with a 
fireplace and a writing-table, looking out on the garden ; and here 
it was that ia winter Dickens and his friends acted plays to the 
satisfaction of all parties. The kitchen was underground, and at 
the top of the house were the bedrooms. I had a snug room 
looking out on the garden ; and over the tree-tops I saw the 
London towers and spires appear or disappear as the weather 
cleared or thickened. 

In Tavistock House Dickens wrote portions of 'Bleak 
House,' 'Hard Times,' 'Little Dorrit/ and the 'Tale of 
Two Cities.' It was still standing in 1885, and occupied 
as a Jewish College. In 1860 Dickens removed to Gad's 
Hill ; and he never afterwards had a permanent home in 
London, except the Chambers at No. 26 Wellington Street, 
corner of York Street, Strand, over the office of 'AH the 
Year Round.' 

Dickens's intimacy with his biographer naturally led him 
often to Forster's house, No. 58 Lincoln's Inn Fields, which, 
as Dr. Martin has shown us, was Tulkinghorn's house as 
well. 

Here in a large house, formerly a house of State, lives Mr. 

Tulkinghorn. It is let off in sets of chambers now ; 

House, and in those shrunken fragments of its greatness law^- 

chap. X. ^^^^,g -^^^^ J. j^g maggots in nuts. But its roomy staircases. 



1812-1870.] CHARLES DICKENS. 85 

passages, and ante-chambers still remain ; and even its painted 
ceiling, where Allegory in Roman helmet and Celestial linen 
sprawls among balustrades and pillars, flov/ers, clouds and big- 
legged boys, and makes the head ache, as would seem to be Alle- 
gory's object always, more or less. 

This house was standing in 1885, little changed except 
that Allegory had been whitewashed out of sight by later 
tenants. It was in this house that on the 2d December, 
1844, Dickens read 'The Chimes' to that brilliant com- 
pany of his friends, as described by Mr. Forster. 

An occasion rather memorable, in which was the germ of 
those readings to larger audiences, by which, as much Forster's 
as by his books, the world knew him in his later life, ^^Jg^ voi^i? ^" 
but of which no detail beyond the fact remains in chap. vii. 
my memory ; and all are dead now who were present at it, ex- 
cepting only Mr. Carlyle and myself. Among those, however, 
who have thus passed away, was one, our excellent Maclise, who, 
anticipating the advice of Captain Cuttle, had ' made a note ' of it in 
pencil, which I am able here to reproduce. It will tell the reader 
all he could wish to know. He will see of whom the party con- 
sisted, and may be assured that in the grave attention of Carlyle, 
the eager interest of Stanfield and Maclise, the keen look of poor 
Laman Blanchard, Fox's rapt solemnity, Jerrold's skyward gaze, 
and the tears of Harness and Dyce, the charapteristic points of 
the scene are sufficiently rendered. 

The original of this drawing is in the Forster Collection in 
the Museum of South Kensington ; and, as Dr. Martin says, — 

In the left-hand corner of the room (as sketched by Maclise) 

vou shall see the verv frescos — weird figures with wav- „ -u , 
•^ •' ^ o ^ Sorioner's 

ing arms and pointing fingers — which Dickens placed Magazine, 
with such ghostly effect on Tulkinghorn's ceiling. 

The last home of Dickens in London was the house of 
Mihier-Gibson, No. 5 Hyde Park Place, which he occupied 
for a few months. Writing herefrom to James T. Fields, 
January 14, 1870, he says : — 



86 BENJAMIN DISKAELL [1804-1881. 

We live opposite the Marble Arch, in a charming house until 
Fields's Yes- the 1st of June, and then return to Gad's Hill. . . . 
AiithorsT^*^^ I have a large room here with three fine windows 
Dickens. overlooking the Park, unsurpassable for airiness and 
cheerfulness. 

Several numbers of ' Edwin Drood ' were written in this 
house, which was unaltered in 1885. 

Dickens died, June 9, 1870, at Gad's Hill, and was buried, 
June 14, in the Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. 

Close under the bust of Thackeray lies Charles Dickens, not, 
it may be, his equal in humor, but more than his equal in his 
Dean Stan- ^^^^ o^. the popular mind, as was shown in the intense 
ley's West- and o^eneral enthusiasm shown at his grave. The 

minster ° , o 

Abbey. funeral, according to Dickens's urgent and express 

desire in his will, was strictly private. It took place at an 
early hour in the summer morning, the grave having been dug 
in secret the night before ; and the vast solitary space of the 
Abbey was occupied only by the small band of mourners, and the 
Abbey Clergy, who, without any music except the occasional peal 
of the organ, read the funeral service. Por days the spot was 
visited by thousands ; many were the flowers strewn upon it by 
unknown hands ; many were the tears shed by the poorer visitors. 
He rests beside Sheridan, Garrick, and Henderson. 



BENJAMIN DISRAELI. 

1804-1881. 

'T^HE registry of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish Syna- 
gogue, No. 10 Bevis Marks, proves the younger Dis- 
raeli to have been born December 21, 1804, although the 
residence of his father at that time is not given, and it is 
very difficult to determine now the place of his birth. It was, 
according to the various biographers, at Hackney, Islington, 



1804-1881.] BENJAMIN DISRAELI. 87 

St. Mary Axe, and • Bloomsbuiy Square, and it is even said 
that Lord Beaconsfield himself once told a friend that he 
was born in a library in the Adelphi. It would seem, how- 
ever, that Islington has the strongest claim to the distinc- 
tion ; and Dr. John B. Jeaffreson, in a letter to the London 
^ Standard,' in 1881, says that the D'Israelis were living in 
1803 behind Canonbury Tower (see Goldsmith), that while 
this house was undergoing repairs they lived for a twelve- 
month next door to Dr. Jeaffreson (grandfather of this writer), 
in Trinity Row, and that Benjamin Disraeli was unexpectedly 
born there. Dr. Jeaffreson being the medical attendant. 

Dr. B. E. Martin, who has in many ways shown his in- 
terest in this work, and who has been of the greatest assist- 
ance in its production, has learned by personal inquiry that 
the members of the Jeaffreson family who were contempo- 
raries of Benjamin Disraeli, and who were his playmates in 
infancy, always believed him to have been the child born in 
Trinity Row while his father was their immediate neighbor, 
although there is no absolute proof that such was the case. 
The name of D'Israeli does not appear in the London direc- 
tories of 1804. 

This Trinity Row house, still standing in 1885, but known 
as No. 215 Upper Street, Islington, and occupied on its lower 
floor by shops, is remembered as having been * a well look- 
ing dwelling' in the early part of this century, its front 
windows commanding a view of Canonbury Fields, and its 
back w^indows overlooking its own moderately extensive 
grounds. 

Benjamin Disraeli was baptized in the Church of St. An- 
drew, Holborn, July 13, 1817, and in the registry there is 
described as ' From King's Road, and said to be about 
twelve years of age.' The elder D'Israeli is known to have 
occupied, at that time, the house in King's Road, next to the 
corner of John Street, and left unchanged in 1885 except 



88 BENJAMIN DISRAELL [1804-1881. 

that it was then known as No. 22 Theobald's Road. King's 
Road ran from Gray's Inn Road to Bedford Row, north of 
Gray's Inn Gardens. Dr. Martin discovered from the rate- 
books that Isaac D' Israeli paid rates from 1817 to 1829 on 
the house on the corner of Hart Street and Bloomsbury 
Square, numbered then 6 Bloomsbury Square, but since 
changed to No. 5. The house now No. 6 Bloomsbury 
Square, and generally supposed to have been the home of 
the D'Israelis, was then No. 6 A or 6J. All this is proved 
by the records of the Bedford Estate, in which Bloomsbury 
Square lies, as well as by statements of residents of the 
house for many years. Benjamin, therefore, was at least 
twelve years of age when his father went to Bloomsbury 
Square ; and the following account of his * visit to the room 
in which he was born ' must be considered in the light of 
romance. The house was left unaltered in 1885. 

Montagu Corry (Lord Rowton) told me that not long ago 
Lord Beaconsfield visited the house [in Bloomsbury Square] and 
S. c Hall's ^sked leave to go over it, which was granted, although 
Retrospect the attendant had no idea that the courtesy was ex- 
Life : Bea- tended to the Prime Minister. He sat for some time 
pondering and reflecting — a grand past and a great 
future opening before his mental vision — in the room in which 
he was born. Once I met the two, great father and greater son, 
at one of the receptions of Lady Blessington. It is certain that 
from the first to the last no parent ever received more grateful 
respect or more enduring affection from a child ; and I well re- 
member that on the evening to which I refer, the devotion of 
Benjamin Disraeli to Isaac D'Israeli, specially noticed by all 
who were present, was classed among the admirable traits of the 
after Prime Minister. 

A writer in ' Punch ' shortly after the death of Lord Bea- 
consfield says that he went to a dame's school in Colebrook 
Row, Islington, kept by a Miss Palmer ; and he is known to 
h^ve been a pupil of an academy since called Essex Hall 



1766-1848.] ISAAC DISRAELI. 89 

on Higham Hill, Walthamstow, Essex, six miles from town, 
where his desk and room were carefully preserved many 
years later. When a very young man, Disraeli spent a year 
or two as a clerk in a solicitor's office in the City, some- 
where in the neighborhood of the Old Jewry ; but his home 
was generally in his father's family, in town or in Bucking- 
hamshire, until his marriage with Mrs. Lewis in 1839, when 
he took possession of her house. No. 1 Grosvenor Gate, 
corner of Park Lane and Upper Grosvenor Street. Here 
he lived until her death in 1872. This house was still 
standing in 1885. 

In 1873 Disraeli moved to No. 2 Whitehall Gardens; and 
in 1881 he died at No. 19 Curzon Street, Mayfair, facing 
South Audley Street. 



ISAAC D'ISEAELL 

1766-1848. 

'T^HE only home of Isaac D'Israeli's youth was his father's 
•^ house at Enfield, where he was born, and where he 
remained until his marriage. The site of this house is 
imknownto the local historians; but Ford, in his 'Enfield,' 
believes it to have been on the ground since occupied by 
the terminus of the Great Eastern Railway. 

As a young man D'Israeli came now and then to London 
to read the newspapers in the St. James's Coffee House in 
St. James's Street (see Addison, p. 7) ; and he spent many 
hours in the Reading Room of the British Museum. In 
the ' Memoirs of the Elder. D'Israeli by his Son ' the follow- 
ing story is told : — 

My father, who had lost the timidity of his childhood, who 
by nature was very impulsive, and indeed endowed with a degree 



90 MICHAEL DRAYTON. [1563-1631. 

of volubility which is only witnessed in the south of France, and 
which never deserted him to his last hour, was no longer to be 
controlled. His conduct was decisive. He enclosed his poem 
to Dr. Johnson with an impassioned statement of his case, com- 
plaining, which he ever did, that he had never found a counsellor 
or literary friend. He left his packet himself at Bolt Court [see 
Johnson], where he was received by Mr. Francis Barber, the doc- 
tor's well-known black servant, and told to call in a week. Be 
sure that he was very punctual ; but the packet was returned 
to him unopened, with a message that the illustrious doctor was 
too ill to read anything. The unhappy and obscure aspirant 
who received this disheartening message accepted it, in his utter 
despondency, as a mechanical excuse. But, alas ! the cause was 
too true ; and a few weeks after the great soul of Johnson quitted 
earth. 

The various homes of the elder D 'Israeli are described in 
the preceding paper (see the younger Disraeli, pp. 86-89). 

In Bloomsbiiry Square he wrote ' The Curiosities of 
Literature,' and kindred works, and remained until he took 
his family in 1825 to Bradenham House, Buckinghamshire, 
where he died in 1848. A letter of his was written to the 
Countess of Blessington, but without date, from No. 1 St. 
James's Place, St. James's Street; and in 1835 both father 
and son were at No. 31 A, Park Street, Grosvenor Square, 
near the corner of King Street, and next door to the White 
Bear public house. This street has been renumbered. 



MICHAEL DEAYTON. 

1563-1631. 



T is not now known when or under what circumstances 
Drayton first saw London; and nothing is to be gathered 
concerning his career here from the occasional personal 



I 



1631-1700.] JOHN DKYDEK 91 

allusions scattered throughout his poems. According to 
Aubrey he 'lived at ye bay-windowe house next the east 
end of St. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street.' This house, 
numbered 186 Fleet Street, was standing in 1885, altered 
and restored ; but its next-door neighbor city-wards still 
showed what was its appearance when Drayton occupied it, 
and published in 1608 an edition of his 'Poems' 'at the 
Shop of John Smithwick, St. Dunstan's Church Yard under 
the Diall.' This churchyard, facing Fleet Street, was the 
Paternoster Eow of that day, and much frequented by book- 
sellers. 

Drayton was buried in Westminster Abbey, according to 
Fuller 'in the south aisle near to Chaucer's grave and 
Spenser's, where his monument' stands ; ' but Dean Stanley 
believes that he lies near the small north door of the nave. 
Mr. Marshall, the stonecutter in Fetter Lane, told Aubrey 
that the lines on his 'pious marble were writ by Francis 
Quarles, a very good man.' They declare that his name 
cannot fade ; and yet when Goldsmith read them, a century 
later, he confessed that he had never heard the name 
before. 



JOHN DKYDEN. 

1631-1700. 

TARYDEN was a pupil of Dr. Busby at Westminster 
-"-^ School (see Churchill, p. 51), where is still carefully 
preserved the old form upon which, in long sprawling school- 
boyish letters, is the name I Dryden, carved by his own 
hands. He distinguished himself there as a juvenile poet, 
and won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge. 



92 JOHN DRYDEN. [1631-1700, 

According to Malone, he returned to London in 1657, 
when Scott believes that he lodged v/ith Herringman the 
bookseller, in the then New Exchange, destroyed in 1737. 
Scott also throws doubt upon the stories of Dryden's dining 
at a ' threepenny ordinary ' and being ' clad in homely drug- 
get,' as asserted by Shadwell and others. His circumstances 
were certainly better than his earlier biographers would 
have us believe, when he married the daughter of the Earl 
of Berkshire a few years later. 

The date of Drj'den's marriage eluded inquiries of Malone 
and Scott. He was married by license in the Church of 
St. Swithin, by London Stone (as appears by the 
Peter Cun- register of that Church), on the 1st December, 1663. 
Johiison's The entry of the license, which is dated 'ultimo ISTo- 
PoTtsf ^^'^ vembis,' 1663, and is in the office of the Vicar-General 
Dryden. of the Archbishop of Canterbury, describes him as a 
parishioner of St. Clement Danes of about the age of thirty, and 
the Lady Elizabeth [Howard] as twenty-five and of the parish 
of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. The poet's signature to the entry 
is written 'Driden.' 

Scott gives the date of this marriage as 1665. The 
Church of St. Swithin, Cannon Street, was destroyed in 
the Great Fire of 1666, but rebuilt by. Wren. 

Peter Cunningham, with his usual care, in his ' Explana- 
tory Notes to Johnson's Lives of the Poets,' traces Dry- 
den to his different London homes, and shows that 'he 
lived from 1673 to 1682 in the Parish of St. Bride's, Fleet 
Street, on the water side of the street, in or near Salisbury 
Court (Rate Booke of St. Bride's, Fleet Street) ; and from 
1682 to 1686 in a house on the north side of Long Acre 
facing Rose Street.' 

The Dryden Press, founded a century and a half ago, 
stood in 1885 at No. 137 Long Acre, and marked the site 
of Dryden's house there. 

There is a tradition that Dryden lived once in Fetter 



1631-1700. j JOHN DRYDEN. 93 

Lane, where Otway was his neighbor ; but the only authority 
for this is a mythical story of a combat of wit between him 
and Otway (see Otway), and the existence, as late as 1885, 
of a curious old tablet upon the quaint little house at No. 
16 Fetter Lane, over Fleur-de-lys Court.^ No record of his 
occupancy of this house is to be found in any of the biogra- 
phies of Dryden, nor, it is said, in the parish books. By 
whom and w4:ien the stone was placed there is not now 
known. Its inscription reads : — 

Here lly'd 

John Dryden 

Ye poet, 

Born 1631 — Died 1700 

Glorious John ! 

Dryden removed to his last London home, Gerard Street, 
Soho, in 1686, 

Dryden'B house , . ' . was the fifth on the left hand coming 
from Little Newport Street, The back windows 

Scott's 

looked upon the gardens of Leicester House, of which Dryden, 
circumstance our poet availed himself to pay a hand- ^ ^^' ^"' 
some compliment to the noble owner. 

This house. No. 43 Gerard Street, has been marked by 
the tablet of the Society of Arts, The gardens in its rear 
have long since disappeared. 

One day, Mr. Eogers took Mr. Moore and my father [Sidney 
Smith] liome in his carriage, and insisted on showing them by the 
w^ay Dryden's house, in some obscure street. It was 
very wet ; the house looked much like other old lan/s Me- 
houses, and having thin shoes on they both remon- Rev^g^aev 
strated, but in vain. Rogers got out, and stood ex- Sinith, 

1 -r, - , chap. IX. 

pecting them. ' Ah, you see why Rogers don't mind 

getting out,' exclaimed my father, laughing and leaning out of 

the carriage ; ' he has got goloshes on • but, Rogers, lend us each 

a golosh, and we wi'O then stana on one leg and admire as long 

as you please. 



94 JOHN DRYDEN. [1631-1700. 

Dryden died at No. 43 Gerard Street, May 1, 1700. 

His family were preparing to bury Mm with the decency be-^ 
coming their limited circumstances, when Charles Montague, Lord 
Jeffries, and other men of quality made a subscription 
Dryden, for a public funeral. The body of the poet was then 
^ ^"* ' removed to the Physicians' Hall [now destroyed; it 
stood on the west side of Warwick Lane, Paternoster Row], where 
it was embalmed, and lay in state till the 13th day of May, twelve 
days after his decease. On that day the celebrated Dr. Garth pro- 
nounced a Latin oration over the remains of his departed friend, 
which were then with considerable state, preceded by a band of 
music and attended by a numerous procession of carriages, trans- 
ported to Westminster Abbey, and deposited between the graves 
of Chaucer and Cowley. 

Johnson, in his ' Lives of the Poets,' quotes from a ' Life 
of Congreve,' printed in 1730, which on the titlepage is said 
to contain 'some very curious Memories of Mr. Dryden and 
His Family,' a remarkable account of Dryden's funeral and 
of a practical joke played by Lord Jeffries upon the mourn- 
ing friends, which appears to have no foundation in fact, 
although it has been often repeated. From this statement 
it would seem that Dr. Garth — 

finished his oration with a superior grace, to the loud acclama- 
tions of mirth which inspired the mixed, or rather mob, auditors. 
The procession began to move ; a numerous train of coaches at- 
tended the hearse, but, good God ! in what disorder can only be 
expressed by a sixpenny pamphlet soon after published, entitled 
' Dryden's Funeral.' At Jast the corpse arrived at the Abbey, 
which was all unlighted. No organ played ; no anthem sung ; 
only two of the singing boys preceded the corpse, who sung an 
Ode of Horace, with each a small candle in his hand. The butch- 
ers and other mob broke in like a deluge, so that only about 
eight or ten gentlemen could get admission, and those forced 
to cut their way with their swords drawn. The coffin in this 
disorder was let down into Chaucer's grave, with as much confu- 
sion and as little ceremony as was possible, every one glad to save 
themselves from the gentlemen's swords or the clubs of the mob. 



1631-1700.] JOHN DRYDEN. 95 

Dryden was a frequenter of Will's Coffee House in Ijow 
Street (see Addison, p. 7), where, after his two-o'clock din- 
ner, he was in the habit of going and occupying his estab- 
lished chair, his right to which no man was bold enough to 
dispute. It Avas placed by the window in summer, by the 
fire in winter ; and from it he pronounced his opinions of men 
and books, surrounded by his crowd of admiring listeners, 
who pretended to agree with him, whether they did or not. 

Dryden's mixture of simplicity, good-nature, and good opinion 

of himself is here seen in a very agreeable manner. It must not 

be omitted that it was to this house [Will's] Pope was „ _, 

taken when a boy, by his own desire, on purpose to get Town, 

•1 I- ^ 1-T1TT A T J chap. viii. , 

a sighit 01 the great man, wnicn he did. According to 

Pope, he was plump, with a fresh color, and a down look, and not 
very conversible. It appears, however, that what he did say was 
much to the purpose ; and a contemporary mentions his conver- 
sation on that account as one of the few things for which the town 
was desirable. He was a temperate man, though he drank with 
Addison a great deal more than he used to do, probably so far as 
to hasten his end. 

In Covent Garden to-night, going to fetch home my wife, I 
stopped at the great Coffee House there [Will's], where I never was 
before, where were Dryden, the poet, I knew at Cam- 
bridge, and all the Wits of the town, and Harris the ^f^iy^ yd 
player [Joseph Harris], and Mr. Hoole of our College, "ggjfi^/^^^"^' 
And had I had time then or could at other times, it 
will be good coming thither, for there, I perceive, is very witty 
and pleasant discourse. But I could not tarry, and as it was late, 
they were ail ready to go away. 

One of the most uncomfortable of Dryden's London expe- 
riences was the severe beating he received one night in 1679 
in Rose Street, Covent Garden, after he had left Will's. 
Although a reward of fifty pounds was offered for ' the per- 
petrators of the outrage,' they were never legally punished. 
There seems to be no question, however, that Rochester 



96 TOM D'URFEY. [16— -1723. 

instigated the deed, enraged by a satire which he attributed 
to Dryden, but which was written by another man. Rose 
Street, running from No. 11 Long Acre to No. 2 Garrick 
Street at its junction with King Street, has been greatly 
changed since Dryden's adventures there, although one or 
two old buildings still standing in the crooked, miserable 
little street in 1885 were no doubt witnesses of the memo- 
rable assault. A modern tavern bearing the old-fashioned 
name of The Lamb and Flag was built about 1880 in Rose 
Street, facing Garrick Street. 

Dryden was fond of the mulberry tarts that were in his 
day a specialty of the Mulberry Gardens, upon the site of 
which Buckingham Palace was built. 



TOM D'URFEY. 
16 1723. 



OF Tom D'Urfey's career in London or elsewhere almost 
nothing is known except what is contained in No. 67 
of the 'Guardian' (Thursday, May 28, 1713), when Mr. 
Addison, under a text from Horace, ' Blush not to patronize 
the Muse's skill,' makes a plea for help for D'Urfey in his 
impoverished old age, on the ground that he had ' enriched 
our language with a multitude of rhymes, and bringing 
words together, that without his good offices would never 
have been acquainted with one another, so long as it had 
been a tongue ; ' and adds that his old friend ' angles for 
a trout the best of any man in England : ' surely reason 
enough for his meriting the charity of his fellow-men. 
From this paper it would seem that he was a most agreeable 
companion ; that Charles 11. had been seen leaning on his 



1819-1880.] MAEY ANN EVANS (GEOKGE ELIOT). 97 

shoulder more than once, humming over a song with him ; 
and that many an honest country gentleman had gained a 
reputation in his own county by pretending to have been in 
company with Tom D'Urfey in town. After having written 
more odes than Horace, and about four times as many com- 
edies as Terence, he was, when Addison found him in 1713, 
in great difficulties. He lived, however, ten years longer, 
and continued to write until his death, in 1723. The time 
of his birth is unknown. He was buried in St. James's 
Church, Piccadilly, where is a tablet to his memory, said 
to have been erected by Sir Richard Steele. It contains 
simply his name and the date of his death, and is on the 
south wall of the church, on the outside, under the clock 
tower and nearly opposite the little door leading from 
Jermyn Street to the disused graveyard. Like so many 
objects of interest in London, it is entirely concealed from 
the public by an unsightly and unnecessary high brick 
wall. 

D'LTrfey is said to have found the suggestions for his 
' Pills to Purge Melancholy ' at a convivial meeting held at 
the Queen's Arms Tavern, Newgate Street. This inn was 
standing until within a few years at No. 70 Newgate Street. 
It had an entrance on St. Martin's-le-Grand. The New Post- 
Offi.ce buildings were erected on its site. 



MARY ANN EVANS (GEORGE ELIOT). 

1819-1880. 

* r^EORGE ELIOT' cam,e to London in 1851, and for 

^-"^ two years made her home with the Chapmans at No. 

142 Strand, near Wellington Street, — a house rich in the 

7 



98 MARY ANN EVANS (GEOEGE ELIOT). [1819-1880. 

literary associations of two centuries. A tourist's ticket- 
office in 1885, it was, in the days of Dr. Johnson, the fa- 
mous Turk's Head Coffee House, frequented by so many 
distinguished men (see Dr. Johnson). 

While living here, Miss Evans wrote a number of essays 
for the ' Westminster Review,' besides doing editorial work ; 
and here she first made the acquaintance of George Henry 
Lewes and many of the literary lights of her time. 

Lewes and Miss Evans lived for a while at No. 16 Bland- 
ford Square, where she wrote, among other books, ' Romola ' 
and ' Felix Holt,' in a quiet old-fashioned house not far from 
Regent's Park, and still standing in 1885, hardly changed 
since her occupation of it. The Priory, No. 21 North 
Bank, St. John's Wood, to which they removed in 1865, and 
where they remained until Lewes died, in 1878, was some- 
what altered by a later tenant, who enlarged and beauti- 
fied it. It was in 1885 one of the characteristic villas of 
that characteristic locality, plain, substantial, and in grounds 
of its own, shut out completely from the gaze of the 
passer-by. 

Here, in the pleasant dwelling-rooms decorated by Owen 

Jones, might be met, at her Sunday afternoon receptions, some 

of the most eminent men in literature, art, and science. 

BiimP?^ ^0^ the rest her life floAved on its even tenor, its 

George Eliot: routine beino' rigidiv regular. The morning till lunch 

Famous ^ o & J o ^ ^ o 

Women time was invariably, devoted to writing ; in, the after- 

noon she either went out for a quiet drive of about two 
hours, or she took a walk with Lewes in Regent's Park. There 
the strange-looking couple — she with a certain sibylline air, he 
not unlike some unkempt Polish refugee of vivacious manners — 
might be seen swinging their arms, as they hurried along at a pace 
as rapid as their talk. 

George Willis Cooke, in his ' George Eliot ' (chap. v. 
p. 79), thus describes ' The Priory ' : — 



1819-1880.] MARY ANN EVANS (GEORGI# ELIOT). 99 

Within, all was refinement and good taste ; there were flowers 
in the windows, the furniture was plain and substantial, while 
great simplicity reigned supreme. The house had two stories and 
a basement. On the first floor were two drawing-rooms, a small 
reception room, a dining-room, and Mr. Lewes's study. . . . The 
second floor contained the study of George Eliot, which was a 
plain room, not large. Its two front windows looked into the 
garden, and there were bookcases around the walls, and a writing- 
desk. All things about the house indicated simple tastes, mod- 
erate needs, and a plain method of life. 

' George Eliot ' was married to JoUn Walter Cross at St. 
George's Church, Hanover Square, May 6, 1880, but died 
in her husband's house, No. 4 Cheyne Row, Chelsea, De- 
cember 22 of the same year, and was buried in Highgate 
Cemetery. 

The grave, in the new portion of the cemetery overlooking 
London, is covered by a plain gray granite shaft bearing the 
following simple inscription : — • 

* Of those immortal dead who still live on 
in minds made better by their presence. 

Here Lies The Body 

of 

* George Eliot ' 

Mary Ann Cross. 

Born 22nd November, 1819 

Died 22nd December, 1880, 



100 « JOHN EVELYN. [1620-1706. 



JOHN EVELYN. 

1620-1706. 

EVELYN'S earliest recorded associations with London 
are of the Middle Temple. 

I repaired with my brother to the Tearme to goe into the 
new lodgings (that were formerly in Essex Court), being a very 
Evelyn's handsome apartment just over against the Hall Court, 
Diary, 1640. -y^^^^ f^^^p payre of stayres high, w'ch gave us the ad- 
vantage of the fairer prospect. 

Evelyn was married in 1647; and an entry in his Diary, 
the next year, shows him to have been then a resident of 
Sayes Court, Deptford, which came to him through his wife, 
and was his home for almost half a century. 

Oct. 1, 1665. — Then to Mr. Evelyn's . . . and here he showed 
me his gardens, which are, for variety of evergreens and hedged 
holly, the finest things I ever saw in my life. . . . 

Nov. 5, 1685. — By water to Deptford, and there made a visit 
to Mr. Evelyn, who, among other things, showed me some excel- 
Pepys's ^^^^ paintings in little, in distemper, in Tndian incke, 
Diary, 1665. -water colours, graeving, and, above all, the whole 
secret of mezzo-tints, and the manner of it, which is very pretty, 
and good things done with it. . . . In fine, a most excellent per- 
son he is, and must be allowed a little for a little conceitedness ; 
but he may well be so, being a man so much above others. 

Sayes Court was near the Government Docks at Deptford. 
It was taken down, according to Lysons, in 1728 or 1729, 
and the Workhouse built upon its site. This poor-house, 
looking much older than its actual age, and believed by 
many of the residents in Deptford to have been the original 
house occupied by Evelyn and by Peter the Great, was still 



1620-1706.] JOHN EVELYN. ' 101 

standing in 1885, at the end of the modem Czar Street, 
Evelyn Street, and was the home of poor old men and wo- 
men, — subjects of the private charity oY W. J. Evelyn, Esq., 
the proprietor of the estate. A small patch of ground used 
as the garden of this house was all that was left, in any- 
thing like their natural state, of Evelyn's famous plantations, 
while a larger portion had been transformed into a public 
recreation ground, reached from Evelyn Street by Sayes 
Court Street. Evelyn's hedges, orangeries, and groves had 
all disappeared. 

Evelyn, through his Diary, is easily traced to his various 
abiding-2:)laces in town. 

Sept. 10, 1658. — I came wdth my wife and family to London; 
tooke lodgings at the 3 Feathers in Eussell Street, Co vent Garden, 
for all the winter, my sonn« being very unwell. 

No trace of the sign of the Three Feathers is to be found 
to-da}^ 

March 24, 1662. — I returned home with my whole family, 
which had been most part of the winter since October at London 
in lodgings, neere the Abbey of Westminster, 

Nov. 17, 1683. — I took a house in Villiers Street [Strand], 
York Buildings, for the winter, having many important concerns 
to despatch, and for the education of my daughters. 

In 1686 he ' came to lodge at Whitehall in the Lord Privy 
Scales Loddgings.' He spent the winter of 1690 in Soho 
Square, then King's Square. 

July 19, 1699. — Am now removing my family to a more con- 
venient house here, in Dover Street, where I have the remainder 
of a lease. 

Peter Cunningham, consulting the rate books of St. Mar- 
tin's, discovers this house in Dover Street, Piccadilly, to have 
been about ' nine doors up, on the east side.' 

Evelyn, in 1654, described the Mulberry Gardens in St. 
James's Park, on the site of which stands the northern 



102 ' MICHAEL FARADAY. [1791-1867. 

portion of Buckingham Palace (see Dryden, p. 96), as * ye 
only place of refreshment in ye towne for persons of ye best 
quality to be exceedingly cheated at.' The large number of 
places of refreshment in London to-day where persons of the 
best quality may be cheated at, is perhaps one of the most 
significant signs of the progress of icivilization. 

Evelyn also records his dining (Nov. 30, 1694) at Pon- 
tack's, in Abchurch Lane, with the Royal Society. No trace 
of Pontack's is now left. 



MICHAEL FAEADAY. 

1791-1867. 

T^ARADAY was born at Newington, but was taken as a 
child to Jacob's Wells Mews, Charles Street, Manchester 
Square, in 1796, where his family lived for some years. 
Charles Street, Manchester Square, is not to be confounded 
with Charles Street, Portman Square, its near neighbor. It 
was that part of the present George Street running from 
Spanish Place to Thayer Street ; and Jacob's Wells Mews, 
little changed in appearance since that time, was still so 
called in 1885, and on the south side of George Street. 
From 1804 to 1812 the young Faraday was apprenticed to 
a bookseller, at No. 2 Blandford Street, Portman Square, 
where the same business was carried on seventy years later. 
The house was raised one story in the summer of 1884. It 
is marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts. 

In 1813 Faraday was assigned apartments at the Royal 
Institution, No. 21 Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, still in the 
same place in 1885 ; and here he lived for nearly fifty years. 
After his retirement in 1858, he went to a house on Hampton 



1678-1707.] GEOEGE FAEQUHAK. . 103 

Court Green, where, nine years later, he died. He was 
buried in Highgate Cemetery ; a plain stone against the 
east wall, about the centre of the old part of the cemetery, 
marking his grave. 

He was an original member of the Athenaeum Club. 



GEOEGE FAEQUHAE. 

1678-1707. 

T7ARQUHAR settled in London in 1696, when he began 
■^ his career as a writer for the stage. His first play, 
'Love in a Bottle,' was produced at Drury Lane in 1698. 

About 1700 Farquhar first met Mrs. Oldfield, as de- 
scribed by Dr. Doran in his 'Annals of the Stage' (vol. i. 
chap. xiv.). 

The time is the close of the seventeenth century ; the scene is 
the Mitre Tavern, St. James's Market, kept by one Mrs. Voss. . . . 
On the threshold of the open door stand a couple of guests. . . . 
The one is a gay, rollicking young fellow, smartly dressed, a semi- 
military look about him, good-humor rippling on his face, combined 
with an air of astonishment and delight. His sight and hearing 
^are wholly concentrated on that enchanted and enchanting girl 
who, unmindful of aught but the ' Scornful Lady,' continues still 
reading aloud that rattling comedy by Beaumont and Fletcher. 
. . . Captain Farquhar, at whatever passage in the play, betrayed 
his presence by his involuntary applause. The girl looks towards 
him more pleased than abashed ; and when the Captain pronounced 
that there was stuff in her for an exquisite actress, the flattered 
thing clasped her hands, glowed at the prophecy, and protested 
in her turn, that of all conditions it was the one she wished most 
ardently to fulfil. 



104 HENRY FIELDING. [1707-1754. 

St. James's Market, considerably reduced in size and 
importance, still exists between Jermjn Street, Charles 
Street, the present Regent Street, and the Haymarket; 
but the Mitre Tavern there is not mentioned by Stow, 
Strype, or in ' The New View of London' (1708), it does not 
appear on any of the old maps, and no trace of it is now 
to be found. 

Farquhar, suffering in body, and on his death-bed, wrote 
his * Beau's Stratagem ' in six weeks, and lived only to hear 
S)f its brilliant success. He died in April, 1707, only a short 
time after its triumphant production at the Haymarket, and 
was buried in the Church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. 

The following touching letter to his friend Wilkes was 
his valedictory : — 

Gibber's Dear Bob, — I have not anything to leave to per- 

Poets : • petuate my memory but two helpless girls. Look upon 
Farquhar. t,hem sometimes, and think of him who was to the last 
moment of his life thine, G. Farquhar. 



HENRY FIELDING. 

1707-1754. 

'PIELDINGr was little more than twenty years of 
-*■ when he first settled in London, and began his literary 
career as a writer for the stage. In February, 1735, he 
was living in Buckingham Street, Strand. In 1737 he 
became a student of the Middle Temple, and was called 
to the Bar three years later, when ' chambers were assigned 
to him in Pump Court.' 

Sir Roger de Coverley, walking in the Temple Garden and 
discoursing with Mr. Spectator about the beauties in hoops and 



1707-1754.] HENRY FIELDING. 105 

patches who ar.e sauntering over the grass, is just as lively a 
figure to me, as old Samuel Johnson rolling through the fog 
with the Scotch gentleman at his heels, on their way 
to Dr. Goldsmith's in Brick Court ; or Harry Fielding, book ii. ' 
with inked ruffles, and a wet towel round his head, ^ ^^* ^"'* 
dashing off articles for the Covent Garden Journal, while the 
printer's boy is asleep in the passage. 

It is an established fact that the 'Covent Garden Jour- 
nal ' had no existence until long after Fielding left the 
Temple ; but Fielding might have dashed off ' copy ' for 
some other publication at that period, as Thackeray, never 
very accurate about dates and details, describes; and the 
picture drawn of him with the wet towel, and the printer's 
devil snoring on the stairs, is too good to be destroyed. 

It has now been ascertained that the marriage [Fielding's 
seeond marriage] took place at St. Benet's, Paul's Wharf, an 
obscure little church in the City, at present surren- 
dered to a Welsh congregation, but at that time . . . oobson's 
much in request for unions of a private character, ^eidmg, 
The date in the register is the 27th November, 1747. 
. . . Either previously to this occasion or -immediately after it. 
Fielding seems to have taken two rooms in a house in Back Lane, 
Twickenham, not far from the site of Copt Hall. In 1872 this 
house was still standing, a quaint old-fashioned wooden struc- 
ture. . . . Now [1883] it no longer exists, and a row of cottages 
occupies the site. 

St. Benet's still remained in 1885 on Upper Thames 
Street, corner of Bonnet's Hill. 

Mr. Dobson shows that Fielding must have entered upon 
his office of Justice of the Peace early in December, 1748, 
a document bearing date December 9 of that year 
describing him as ' Henry Fielding, Esq., of Bow Street, 
Covent Garden.' He then occupied the house upon tlie 
site of which the police station has been built. Cunningham 
and other writers assert that *Tom Jones' was written in 



106 HENKY FIELDING. [1707-1754. 

Bow Street ; but as it was published in February, 1 749, 
only a month or two after his taking up his residence there, 
this can hardly be true. In Bow Street was Fielding's town 
home until he went to Lisbon, in 1754, to die. He spent 
the summer months in a cottage at Fordhook. 

Henry Fielding, the Cervantes of England, resided occa- 
sionally, during the last mournful year of his life, at Fordhook, 
situated on the Uxbridge Koad, at the distance of 
Faulkner's about a mile from the village of Acton, at the eastern 
Eaiing^and extremity of Ealing. Finding, whose pen had been 

Cheswick, ^^le source of so much heartfelt mirth, was now op- 
chap. IV. ' ^ 
pressed by a complication of disorders, which threw 

a cloud over his fancy, and would have subjugated the whole 
powers of a mind less vivacious and elastic. 

Wednesday, July 26, 1754. — On this day the most melan- 
choly sun I ever beheld arose, and found me awake at my home 

at Fordhook. ... At twelve precisely my coach was 
Journaf of at the door, which I was no sooner told than I kissed 
LiIbou^i754 ^^^ children all around, and went into it with some 

little resolution. My wife, who behaved more like a 
heroine and philosopher, though at the same time the tenderest 
mother in the world, and my eldest daughter, followed me ; 
some friends with us, and others here took their leave, and I 
heard my behavior applauded, with many murmurs and praises, 
to which I well knew I had no title, as all other such philosophers 
may, if they have any modesty, confess on a like occasion. 

Thorne, in his 'Hand-Book,' says that Fielding at one 
time occupied an old house on Barnes Common, known as 
Milbourne House ; and there is a tradition that he lived 
for a short period in Beaufort Buildings, opposite Exeter 
Street, Strand. 

He was a frequent visiter at the Bedford Coffee House, 
under the Piazza, Covent Garden (see Churchill, p. 51). 



1576-1625.] JOHN FLETCHER. 107 



JOHN FLETCHER. 

1576-1625. 

'T^HE place of Fletcher's birth is not known to us, and 
-^ almost nothing of his personal history in or out of 
London, except that he lived in the closest intimacy with 
Beaumont on the Bankside (see Beaumont), and that he 
was buried in the Church of St. Mary Overy (St. Saviour's), 
South wark, at the end of London Bridge, one of the most 
ancient and interesting of London churches, although but 
little of the original building is now left. 

Oldwit. — I knew Fletcher, my friend Fletcher, and his maid 
Joan ; I shall never forget him ; I have supped with shadweli's 
him at his house on the Bankside ; lie loved a fat loin ^^^7 ^*""» 
of pork of all things in the world ; and Joan, his maid, scene i. 
had her beer-glass of sack, and we all kissed her ; faith, and were 
as merry as passed. 

In the great plague 1625, a knight of Norfolk or Suffolk in- 
vited him [Fletcher] into the country. He stayed but to make 
himselfe a suit of cloathes, and while it was makeing, Aubrey's 
fell sick of the plague and dyed. This I had from Lives, 
his tayler who is now a very old man, and clarke of St. Mary 
Overy's. 

In this church [St. Mary Overy's] was interred, without any 
memorial, that eminent Dramatick Poet, Mr. John Fletcher, son 
to Bishop Fletcher of London, who dyed of the Plague, Aubrey's 
the 19th of August, 1625. When I searched the Regis- gjj^^^f ""^ 
ter of this Parish in 1670 for his obit for the use of Mr. voi. v.' 
Anthony a Wood, the Parish Clerk, aged above eighty, told me 
that he was his Tayler, and that Mr. Fletcher staying for a suit 
of cloaths before he retired into the country. Death stopped his 
journey and laid him low here. 



108 JOHN FOX. [1517-1587. 

A few years ago Fletcher's name and the date of his death 
were engraved upon a stone in the pavement of the choir of 
St. Saviour's, although the exact spot where his bones lie 
is not recorded. 



JOHN FOX. 

1517-1587. 



T?OX'S * History of the Acts and Monuments of the 
-*- Church/ more familiarly known as the 'Book of the 
Martyrs/ was published in 1553, the last year of the reign 
of Edward VI., and was written, it is said, while Fox was 
living in the famous Grub Street. Grub Street, in the parish 
of St. Giles, Cripplegate, was composed of mean low houses, 
old even in the sixteenth century, tenanted by compilers of 
pamphlets, penny and halfpenny papers, and ' criticks run to 
seed,' and gave its name, from the nature of its inhabitants, • 
to a class of writing which was neither exalted nor pure. 
It lies between Fore Street and Chiswell Street, and has 
now been called Milton Street, in honor of the author, who 
emphatically had no connection or association with the orig- 
inal Grub Street or its literature. Its old houses have 
entirely disappeared. 

After the accession of Mary, Fox left England, and did not 
return until the beginning of Elizabetji^s reign. In 1565 he 
was an inmate of the household of his patron, the Duke of 
Norfolk, whose town mansion v/as then the Charter House, 
at the head of Aldersgate Street, which, taken from the 
Church by Henry VIII., did not become a school until 1611, 
when James was king (see Addison). 

Fox preached at Paul's Cross, and is said to have held for 
a short time the living of St. Giles, Cripplegate, where he 



1740-1818.] SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. 109 

was buried in 1587. A mural tablet with a Latin inscription 
was erected to his memory in the church, and is still to be 
seen there. St. Giles's, one of the few remaining city 
churches which escaped the Great Fire of 1666, was built 
in 1545. 

Paul's Cross stood on the north side of St. Paul's Church- 
yard, a few yards east of Canon Alley. The congregation 
worshipped in the open air. 



SIR PHILIP FEANCIS. 

1740-1818. 

T^RANCIS, in 1753, was sent to Paul's School, in St. 
Paul's Churchyard, on the east side of the Cathedral 
(see Milton). 

Much of his youth was spent out of England, but in 1761 
he was appointed private secretary to William Pitt, Earl of 
Chatham ; and Lady Francis thus describes his duties and 
position at that time : — 

His manner of attending there was to come early in the morn- 
ing to Lord C.'s house in St. James's Square, where he was shown 
into a library, and found his breakfast and the work of 
the day ; and I have heard him say that he was so of Francis, 
happy in having command of the books unmolested ^'^ ' "* 
(for sometimes he had long intervals of leisure when his pen was 
not required), that he probably, from these agreeable remem- 
brances, retained all his life a partiality for St. James's Square, 
in which, as soon as his circumstances permitted him, he bought 
a house. 

Francis lived subsequently in Harley Street, Cavendish 
Square; and from 1791 until the time of his death at No. 
14 St. James's Square, in a house taken down some years 



110 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. [1706-1790. 

ago. The East India Service Club was erected on its site. 
In 1791 he wrote: — 

I have removed into a very convenient honse in St. James's 
Square, where I believe I am at anchor for life. The 
of Francis, name of the situation sounds well, but you would be 
^'^^' "■ much mistaken in concluding that I live in a palace. 

He was a member, among other clubs, of Brooks's, No. 60 
St. James's Street ; but he withdrew on the publication of 
Taylor's 'The Identity of Junius,' which brought his name 
conspicuously before the club, and gave him a notoriety 
very distressing to him. 



BENJAMIN FEANKLIN. 

1706-1790. 

Tj^KANKLIN, at different periods of his life, spent a 
-■- number of years in London. In his ' Autobiography * 
he thus relates his earliest experiences here, on his arrival 
in 1724: — 

Ralph [James Ralph] and I were inseparable companions. 
We took lodgings together at Little Britain, at three shillings 
and sixpence a week, which was all we could afford. ... I 
then got into work at Pahner's, then a famous printing-house 
in Bartholomew Close, and here I continued near a year. . . . 
I now began to think of getting a little money beforehand, and, 
expecting better work, I left Palmer's to work at Watt's near 
Lincoln's Inn Fields, a still greater printing-house. Here I con- 
tinued all the rest of my stay in liondon. . . . My lodgings in 
Little Britain being too remote, I found another in Duke Street, 
opposite the Romish Chapel. It was two i^air of stairs back- 
wards, at an Italian warehouse. 



1706-1790.] BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. Ill 

Little Britain a hundred and fifty years ago was a centre 
of the bookselling and printing trade. No trace is left of 
Palmer's in Bartholomew Close ; but Watt's printing-house 
stood on the south side of Wild Court, a short street run- 
ning from Great Wild Street, Drury Lane, to Sardinia 
Place. The greater part of the south side of this court 
had been taken down in 1885 ; but the opposite side, towards 
Great Queen Street, was still unchanged, — a row of wretched 
buildiugs, tenanted by the most miserable of the London 
poor. 

Franklin's lodging-house in Duke Street, ' opposite the 
Romish Chapel,' was probably No. 6 Sardinia St., an an- 
cient house facing the Sardinia Catholic Chapel in* 1885. 

In 1757 Franklin was again in London, as the agent of the 
American Colonies, to confer with the home Government. 

At the invitation of his friend Collinson, he went in the first 

instance to the house of that gentleman, where he was hospitably 

entertained till he could procure suitable permanent „ „ , ^., 

, r. n ■, Holley's Life 

lodgings ; such lodgings he shortly alter found at of Franklin, 

the house of Mrs. Stevenson, No. 7 Craven Street ^ ^^' ^"' 

[Strand] ; and they proved so convenient, comfortable, and 

every way pleasant, that he made his home there during all his 

long subsequent residence in London, embracing, in the two 

missions on which he was sent thither, about fifteen years. 

That house, says Dr. Sparks, is noted to this day, in the London 

guide-books, as the house in w^hich Franklin resided. 

Franklin's Craven Street house has been rebuilt. It 
bears a tablet of the Society of Arts. He was in London 
from 1757 to 1762, and again in 1764, when he remained 
in Craven Street for ten years. 

Sparks has printed a number of Franklin's letters dated 
from Kensington ; and no doubt written in an old house — 
standing in 1885, but doomed to destruction — in the grounds 
of the South Kensington Museum. It is a dingy two-storied 



JOHN GAY. [1688-173i^. 

brick building, some distance back from Cromwell Road, and 
facing it at its junction with Thurloe Place. It is barely 
visible from the thoroughfare, and is also marked by the 
Society of Arts.. 

Franklin was among the distinguished visitors at Don 
Saltero's Museum and Coffee House, No. 18 Cheyne Walk, 
Chelsea (see Smollett), and relates in his ' Autobiography,* 
with considerable pride, his long swim from Chelsea to 
Black friars. 



JOHN GAY. 

1688-1732. 

GAY was but a lad when he began life in London, as a 
silk-mercer's apprentice, in the Strand ; and settled 
home of his own he never seems to have had here. He was 
an inmate of the house of the Duchess of Monmouth; he 
had lodgings at one time at Whitehall ; he lived for a time 
in retirement at Hampstead ; and he finally became a 
member of the family of the Duke of Queensbury, either 
at Amesbury, Petersham, or in Queensbury House, which 
stood on the north side of Burlington Gardens, between 
Savile Row and Old Burlington Street. It was taken down 
at the end of the last century, when Uxbridge House, 
occupied in 1885 by the Western Branch of the Bank of 
England, was built upon its site. Gay died here in 1732. 

His body was brought by the Company of Upholders from the 
Dean Stan- Duke of Queensbury's to Exeter Change, and thence 
Inlnste?^*' to t^^ Abbey, at eight o'clock in the winter's evening 
Abbey, chap. [December 23], Lord Chesterfield and Pope were 
288. ' '' present among the mourners. He had already, two 
months before his death, desired : ' My dear Mr. Pope, whom I 



1737-1794.] EDWARD GIBBON. 113 

love as my own soul : if you survive me, as you certainly will, 
if a stone shall mark the place of my grave, see these words put 

upon it : — 

" Life is a jest and all things show it : 
I thought so once, and now I know it," 

with what else you may think proper.' His wish was complied 
with. 

Exeter Change stood on the north side of the Strand, 
between Wellington Street and Burleigh Street, and on the 
site of the Lyceum Theatre. It was taken down in 1829. 

•Gay was a member of the Scriblerus Club, which met at 
various taverns at the West End of London; and a frequenter 
of Will's (see Addison, p. 7). The Rose Tavern, a favorite re- 
sort of Gay's, stood on the east side of Brydges Street, next 
to Drury Lane Theatre, and was taken down to make room 
for the extension of the theatre by Garrick in 1775 or 1776. 



EDWARD GIBBOK 

1737-1794. 

(^ IBBON was born at Lime Grove, at the base of Putney 
^-^ Hill, in a house no longer standing. He was baptized 
in the parish church of Putney, St. Mary's, which was rebuilt 
in 1836 ; and his early youth was spent in that then sub- 
urban town. In 1746 he was sent to the Free Grammar 
School, London Street, Kingston-on-Thames, where he re- 
mained two years. 

By the common methods of discipline, the expense of many 
tears, and some blood, I purchased the knowledge , 

of the Latin syntax ; and not long since I was pos- Memoir of 
sessed of the dirty volumes of Ph^edrus and Corne- 
lius Nepos, which I painfully construed and darkly understood. 

8 



114 EDWARD GIBBON. [1737-1794. 

In 1749 Gibbon entered Westminster School (see Church- 
ill, p. 51), but his dehcate health forced him to leave 
town after a short term there. During his school days 
and later, his London home was with an aunt who kept a 
boarding-house for Westminster boys in College Street, and 
afterwards in Dean's Yard. 

Gibbon was sent to Oxford in 1752, and after his residence 
there spent five years in Switzerland before he returned 
permanently to London. 

Gibbon, when young and fresh from Lausanne, saw little to en- 
joy in London, where he found ' crowds without company, and 
Wheatley's dissipation without pleasure.' In 1760 he lodged in 
.^^^^J^ this street [Bond Street], and studied in the midst of 

Piccadilly, the fashionable world around him. He says, 'While 
coaches were rattling through Bond Street, I have 
passed many solitary evenings in my lodgings with my books.' 

Gibbon lived for a time in Pall Mall, but in 1772 he took 
the house No. 7 Bentinck Street, Manchester Square, where 
some of the happiest years of his life were spent, and where 
were written the first volumes of ' The Decline and Fall of 
the Eomaii Empire.' 

Gibbon's 'Pqj- ^j own part, my late journey has only con- 

ence, 1783. vinced me that No. 7 Bentinck Street is the best house 
in the world. 

Bentinck is a short, quiet street, running from Welbeck 
Street to Marylebone Lane. No. 7 has been renewed, and 
is almost the only house in the street that has undergone 
any change during the last century. 

Gibbon died in 1794 at No. 76 St. James's Street, on the 
south corner of Little St. James's Street, in the house of 
Elmsley the publisher, who some years before had de- 
clined to take the risk of the printing of the history. 
Elmsley's house was taken down upon the erection of the 
Conservative Club. 



1712-1785.] RICHAKD GLOVER. 115 

Gibbon was a member of a number of fashionable clubs, 
including The Club (see Johnson) ; Boodle's, No. 28 St. 
James's Street ; Brooks's, No. 60 St. James's Street ; 
White's, Nos. 36 and 37 St. James's Street (see Gibber, p. 
54) ; and the Cocoa Tree Club, No. 64 St. James's Street 
(see Addison, p. 7). 

I dined at the Cocoa Tree with Holt. We went thence to 
the play (' The Spanish Friar '), and when it was over returned 
to the Cocoa Tree. That respectable body, of which 
I have the honor of being a member, affords every Diary, 
evening a sight truly English. Twenty or thirty per- ^g^'. ^^' 
haps of the finest men in the kingdom, in point of 
fashion and fortune, sapping at little tables covered with a 
napkin, in the middle of a coffee-room, upon a bit of cold meat or 
a sandwich, and drinking a glass of punch. At present [1762] we 
are full of King's counsellors and lords of the bed-chamber. 



KICHAED GLOVER 

1712-1785. 

' T EONIDAS ' GLOYEE was a Hamburg merchant on 
^-^ Poultney Hill (Cannon Street), but no trace of the 
site of his warehouse remains. He lived at No. 11 James 
Street, York Street, Buckingham Gate, and at No. 9 Bennet 
Street, on the northwest corner of St. James's Street j and 
he died in Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, in 1785. James 
Street has been lengthened, rebuilt, and renumbered since 
that time, and the site of Glover's house cannot positively 
be determined. It was opposite that portion of St. James's 
Park which has since been transformed into the Parade 
Ground of Wellington Barracks, 



116 WILLIAM GODWIN. [1756-1836. 



WILLIAM GODWIN. 

1756-1836. 

r^ ODWIN'S earliest lodgings in London were ' near the 
^^ new church in the Strand ' (St. Mary-le-Strand), where 
he remained for a year, 1783-84, and where he published 
his first book. He occupied over a dozen different lodging- 
houses, always in the neighborhood of the Strand, between 
1784 and 1792. Shortly after this he wrote : — 

William In the beginning of the year 1793 I removed to a 

Godwin, his • /-., T oi m t-. m /-. 

Friends and small liouse in Cnalton street [ii.uston KoadJ, Somers 
raiies"wi.i. Town, which I possess entirely to myself, with no 
chap. IV. other attendance than the daily resort of a bed-maker 
for about an hour each day. ... In this year also I wrote the 
principal part of the novel of ' Caleb Williams.' 

Godwin and Mary WoUstonecraft were mari'ied in Old 
St. Pancras Church, March 29, 1797, Godwin making no 
note of the fact in his diary. A few weeks later he wrote 
to a friend from No. 7 Eversham Buildings, Somers Town ; 
and here, in September of the same year, Mary WoUstonecraft 
died. 

Eversham Buildings was that part of the present Chalton 
Street which lies between Chapel Street (then Chapel Path) 
and Phoenix Street. It leads to the Polygon, where in 1800 
and afterwards Godwin was living, and where he was wooed 
and won by his second wife. 

The Polygon in 1885 was a block of plain, unassuming 
middle-class houses, irregular in shape, as its name implies, 
and occupying the centre of Clarendon Square. 

In 1807 the Godwins removed to No. 41 Skinner Street, 
Holborn, which was on the south side of St. Sepulchre^s 



1756-1836.] WILLIAM GODWIN, 117 

Church, Snow Hill. It connected Holborn with Newgate 
Street, and was entirely removed on the construction of 
the Holborn viaduct (see Bunyan, p. 26). 

I remember him when he kept a bookseller's shop on Snow 

Hill. He kept it under the name of Edward Baldwin ; had it 

been carried on in his own name, he would have had ^ „ „ „. 
J. (. 1 • I T , T ^- ^- Hall's 

lew customers, lor his published opinion had excited Retrospect 

general hostility, to say the least. I was a schoolboy Life: °"^ 

then, and can remember purchasing a book there, ^°<i^^^'^' 

handed to me by himself. It was a poor shop, poorly furnished ; 

its contents consisting chiefly of children's books with the old 

colored prints, that would contrast so strangely with the art 

ilhistrations of to-day. 

After his business failure in 1823 he was at No. 195 
Strand, near Arundel Street, and opposite St. Clement's 
Church, and in Gower Place, Euston Square, working hard 
at his books, and seeing but little society except such as 
sought him in his retirement. 

Godwin was living in New Palace Yard in 1832, when 
Douglas Jerrold took his son to call upon him. 

I remember vividly accompanying my father to the dark rooms 

in the New Palace Yard, where I saw an old vivacious lady and 

old gentleman. My father was most anxious that I L^feof 

should remember them, and I do remember well that ^ougias 

Jerrold by 
he appeared to bear a strong regard for them. ... his Son, 

oil fin vi 

One morning he called on the Godwins', and was kept 
for some moments waiting in their drawing-room. It was irre- 
sistible, he never could think of these things. Whistle in a 
ladies' drawing-room ! Still he did whistle, — not only pia- 
nissimo, hut fo7'tissimo, with variations enough to satisfy the most 
ambitious of thrushes. Suddenly good little Mrs. Godwin gently 
opened the door, paused still — not seen by the performer — to 
catch the dying notes of the air, and then, coming up to her 
visitor, startled him with the request, made in all seriousness, 
'You couldn't whistle that again, could you?' 



118 OLIVER GOLDSMITH. [1728-1774. 

The erection of the New Houses of Parliament has entirely 
changed the features of New Palace Yard. Godwin died here 
in 1836, and was buried by the side of Mary Wollstonecraft 
in the yard of Old St. Pancras Church, St. Pancras-in-the- 
Fields. 

On the building of the Metropolitan and Midland Rail- 
ways, and the destruction of portions of this graveyard, the 
bones of Godwin and of his two wives were removed, in 1851, 
to Bournemouth. 

This cemetery on Old St. Pancras Road was known in 
1885 as St. Pancras Gardens. Its character was still pre- 
served, although no interments have been permitted there in 
many years. All the old tombs were still standing, except 
such as had been destroyed by the railway bridges. 

Godwin was an active member of the Mulberry Club 
(see Jerrold). It held its meetings at the Wrekin Tavern, 
which stood until about 1870 at No. 22 Broad Court, Bow 
Street, on the corner of Cross Court. 



OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 

~^ 1728-1774. 

T X T'HEN Oliver Goldsmith, penniless, friendless, and for- 
^ ^ lorn, first arrived in London, in 1756, he found em- 
ployment in the establishment of a chemist, at the corner 
of Monument Yard and Fish Street ; but no houses dating 
back so far as the middle of the last century exist there 
now. In the same year, 1756, he is known to have at- 
tempted the practice of medicine on the Bankside, and 
also to have been reading proof for Samuel Richardson in 
Salisbury Court, Fleet Street (see Richardson). 



1728-1774.] OLIVER GOLDSMITH. Il9 

In the beginning of 1757 Goldsmith was usher in a school 
at Peckhani ; and Goldsmith House, as the school building 
was afterwards called, still stood, and was respected, for Gold- 
smith's sake, at Peckham, when John Forster wrote his ' Life 
of Goldsmith' in 1848. It was taken down in 1876. 

In 1758 Goldsmith found lodgings at No. 12 Green Arbor 
Court, Old Bailey. 

Irving, in his ' Life of Goldsmith,' quotes Bishop Percy, a 
warm friend of the author of ' She Stoops to Conquer,' as 
saying : — 

I called on Goldsmith at his lodgings in March, 1759, and 
found him writing his ' Inquiry ' in a miserable, dirty-looking 
room, in which there was but one chair ; and when, from civility, 
he resigned it to me, he himself was obliged to sit in the window. 

In his 'Tales of a Traveller' ('The Club of Good Fel- 
lows '), Irving thus describes his own visit to Green Arbor 
Court, half a century after Goldsmith's death : — 

At length we came upon Fleet Market, and, traversing it, 
turned up a narrow street to the bottom of a long, steep flight 
of stone steps, called Breakneck Stairs. These, he told me, led to 
Green Arbor Court, and that down them poor Goldsmith might 
many a time have risked his neck. When we entered the court 
I could not but smile to think in what out-of-the-way corners 
Genius produces her bantlings. . . . This Green Arbor Court I 
found to be a small square surrounded by tall and miserable 
houses, the very intestines of which seemed turned inside out, to 
judge from the old garments and frippery fluttering from every 
window. It appears to be a region of washerwomen, and lines 
were stretched about the little square, on which clothes were dang- 
ling to dry. . . . Poor Goldsmith ! what a time he must have had 
of it, with his quiet disposition and nervoiis habits, penned up in 
this den of noise and vulgarity ! 

Green Arbor Court in 1885 was little more than a patch 
of bare ground filled with carriers' carts and railway vans. 
The old houses had all disappeared, and brand-new brick 



120 OLIVER GOLDSMITH. [1728-1774. 

buildings occupied their site. The court is open towards 
the Old Bailey ; but the Holborn Viaduct Station stretches 
across its western end, where once were Breakneck Stairs, 
leading to Fleet Market and Seacoal Lane. 

In 1760 Goldsmith removed to No. 6 Wine Office Court, 
Fleet Street, where he occupied more respectable lodgings 
than any to which he had before aspired. Here Dr. John- 
son first visited him on the 31st of May, 1761. The house 
known as No. 6 Wine Office Court in 1885 was probably of 
later date than Goldsmith's time. It is nearly opposite the 
well-known Cheshire Cheese Tavern, where tradition says he 
frequently dined and supped with Dr. Johnson and other 
congenial friends (see Johnson). 

Goldsmith wrote ' The Vicar of Wakefield ' in Wine 
Office Court, and Dr. Johnson's description of a scene that 
occurred there after its completion will best show" the char- 
acter of the man and his mode of life at that time. 
Boswell reports his great friend as saying : — 

I received one morning a message from poor Goldsmith, that he 
was in great distress, and as it was not in his power to come to 

me, begging that I would come to him as soon as pos- 
JAteof ^ sible. I sent him a guinea, and promised to come to 
1763^^*'"' ^^^ directly. I accordingly went to him as soon as I 

was dressed, and found that his landlady had arrested 
him for his rent, at which he was in a violent passion. I per- 
ceived that he had already changed my guinea, and had a bottle of 
Madeira and a glass before him. I put the cork into the bottle, 
desired he "vsjould be calm, and began to talk to him of the means 
by which he might be extricated. He then told me that he had a 
novel ready for the press, which he produced to me. I looked 
into it,- and saw its merit ; told the landlady I should soon return, 
and, having gone to a bookseller, sold it for sixty pounds. I 
brought Goldsmith the money ; and he discharged his rent, not 
without rating his landlady in a high tone for having used him 
so ill. 



1728-1774.] OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 121 

In 1764 Johnson found Goldsmith in a humble set of 
chambers at No. 2 Garden Court, Middle Temple, near the 
New Library and behind Fountain Court. The buildings 
have now disappeared. He went there from Gray's Inn, 
from whence he dated a letter on the 6th of March of the 
same year. 

The five hundred pounds received for the * Good Natured 
Man ' gave Goldsmith a feeling of unlimited wealth ; and he 
took chambers consisting of three rooms on the second floor 
of No. 2 Brick Court, Middle Temple, — 

on the right hand ascending the staircase, and overlooking the 
umbrageous walks of the Temple Garden. The lease he pur- 
chased for ^400, and then went on to furnish the jj,^j^„,g 

rooms with mahogany sofas, card-tables, and bookcases, Goldsmith, 
• 1 • • 1 TTT'T TT" 1 cliap. xxiii. 

With curtains, mirrors, and Wilton carpets. -His awk- 
ward person was also furnished in a style befitting his apartment ; 
for, in addition to his suit of Tyrian bloom satin grain, we find 
another charged about this time in the books of Mr. Fiiby, in 
no less gorgeous terms, being- 'lined with silk and furnished 
with gold buttons.' Thus lodged and thus arrayed, he invited 
the visits of his most aristocratic acquaintances, and no longer 
quailed beneath the courtly eye of Beauclerc. He gave dinners 
to Johnson, Percy, Reynolds, Bickerstaff, and other friends 
of note, and supper-parties to young folks of both sexes. . . . 
Blackstone, whose chambers were immediately below, and who 
was studiously occupied on his ' Commentaries,' used to com- 
plain of the racket made by ' his revelling neighbor.' 

In 1885 No. 2 Brick Court was precisely as Goldsmith left it 
when carried to his grave. His chambers have been changed 
as to furniture and equipments, of course, by the several 
generations v/ho have followed him as their occupants ; but 
the house (erected in 1704) and the httle court are the 
house and court he knew so well. 

Goldsmith's country home for a number of years was at 



122 OLIVER GOLDSMITH. [1728-1774. 

Canonbury House, in Islington, which then was a suburb 
of London. Nothing was left of the house, even in Gold- 
smith's day, but the old brick tower, still standing in 1885, 
in Canonbury Square, at the junction of Compton Road and 
Canonbury Place, and one of the most picturesque old struc- 
tures in the metropolis. It was a favorite resort of pub- 
lishers, authors, and literary men. Irving, in his ' Life of 
Goldsmith,' relates his visit to Canonbury Tower, and de- 
scribes the painted wainscots and gothic windows of Gold- 
smith's sitting-room, where, no doubt, he gathered and 
entertained Johnson and his coterie. It is said that parts 
of 'The Deserted Village' and *The Traveller' were 
written here. 

Goldsmith also spent portions of the summers of 1771, 
1772, and 1774 — in the last year only a few weeks before his 
death — in a farm-house on the west side of the Edgeware 
Road, ' near the six-mile stone ' from London, where he wrote 
' She Stoops to Conquer ' and * Animated Nature.' 

Goldsmith died, and was buried, where the happiest and 
most peaceful years of his life had been spent, in the Temple. 
The end came on the 4th of April, 1774. 

His death was a shock to the literary world, and a deep afflic- 
tion to a wide circle of intimates and friends ; for, with all his 

. , foibles and peculiarities, he was fully as much beloved 

Goldsmith, as he was admired, Burke, on hearing the news, burst 
c ap. IV. ^^^ tears. Sir Joshua Reynolds threw by his pencil 
for the day, and grieved more than he had done in times of great 
family distress. . . . Johnson felt the blow deeply and gloomily. 
In writing some time afterw^ard to Bos well, he observed, ' Of poor 
Goldsmith there is little to be told more than the papers have 
made public. He died of a fever, made, I am afraid, more violent 
by uneasiness of mind. His debts began to be heavy, and all his 
resources were exhausted. Sir Joshua is of opinion that he owed 
no less than two thousand pounds. Was ever poet so trusted 
before 1 ' 



1728-1774.] OLIVER GOLDSMITH. 123 

Goldsmith's funeral took place at five in the afternoon of 
the 9th of April, when his staircase on Brick Court was 
crowded with mourners of all ranks and conditions of life, 
conspicuous among them being the outcasts of both sexes, 
who loved and wept for him because of the goodness he had 
done. The exact position of Goldsmith's grave is not known. 
The plain monument with the simple inscription, 'Here 
Lies Oliver Goldsmith,' was placed, in 1860, on the north 
side of the Temple Church, as near as possible to the spot 
where his remains are supposed to lie. 

Goldsmith was a member of many clubs, notably, of The 
Club, afterwards called The Literary Club, which was 
founded by Dr. Johnson, Sir Joshua Re3aiolds, and others, in 
1763. It originally met in the Turk's Head Tavern, which 
then stood on the corner of Greek and Compton Streets, 
Soho, but was subsequently removed to Gerard Street, hard 
by (see Johnson). 

* I believe Mr. Fox will allow rae to say,' remarked the Bishop of 
St. Asaph, ' that the honor of being elected into the Turk's Head 
Club is not inferior to that of beinj? representative of -^^ . , 

" ^ Forster's 

Westminster and Surrey.' The Bishop had just been Goidsniith, 

elected ; hut into such lusty independence had the club 

sprung up that bishops, even lord chancellors, were known to have 

knocked for admission unsuccessfully. 

He [Johnson] and Mr. Langton and I went together to The 

Club (1773), where we found Mr. Burke, Mr. Garrick, and some 

other members, and amongst them our friend Gold- „ 

° . Boswell's 

smith, who sat brooding over Johnsons reprmiand to LifeofJohn- 
him after dinner. Johnson perceived this, and said ' 
aside to some of ns, ' I '11 make Goldsmith forgive me,' and then 
called to him in a loud voice, ' Dr. Goldsmith, something passed 
to-day where you and I dined ; I ask your pardon.' Goldsmith 
answered placidly, ' It must be much from you, sir, that I take 
ill ; ' and so at once the difference was over, and they were on a,^ 
easy terms as ever, and Goldsnaith rattled away as usu^l. 



124 OLIVER GOLDSMITH. [1728-1774. 

A less important club of his met at the Globe Tavern, 
No. 134 Fleet Street, not far from Shoe Lane, and since 
destroyed. 

Another of these free-and-easy clnbs met on Wednesday even- 
ings at the Globe. It was somewhat in the style of the Three 
Jolly Pigeons ; songs, jokes, dramatic imitations, bur- 
Goldsniith, lesque parodies, and broad sallies of humor formed a 
c lap. XIX. contrast to the sententious morality, pedantic casuistry, 
and polished sarcasm of the learned critic. . . . Johnson used to be 
severe upon Goldsmith for mingling in these motley circles, observ- 
ing that having been originally poor he had contracted a love for 
low company. Goldsmith, however, was guided not by a taste 
for what was low, but what was comic and characteristic. 

He belonged also to a card club at the Devil Tavern, 
No. 1 Fleet Street (see Jonson) ; to the Robin Hood De- 
bating Club, held in the Robin Hood Tavern, Essex Street, 
Strand, afterwards removed to the Robin Hood Tavern in 
Butcher Row, behind St. Clement Danes, and taken down 
on the erection of the New Law Courts (see Burke, p. 28) ; 
and also to ' a shilling rubber club,' which met at the Bed- 
ford, Co vent Garden (see Churchill, p. 51). 

Goldsmith's taverns were more numerous even than his 
clubs. In 1757 his letters were addressed to the ' Temple 
Exchange Coffee House, near Temple Bar,' no sign of which 
is left. 

He was frequently at the Mitre, No. 39 Fleet Street 
(see Johnson), at the Grecian, Devereux Court, Strand 
(see Addison, p. 7), at the Chapter Coffee House,^No. 50 
Paternoster Row (see Bronte, p. 22, and Chatterton, p. 44), 
and at Jack's Coffee House, afterwards Walker's, at the corner 
of Dean and Queen Streets, Soho. 

Walker's Hotel was — 

in 1770 the oldest tavern in London, but three, and is now 
[1845] probably the oldest. Mr. Walker, tbe present landlord 



1728-1774.] OLIVEK GOLDSMITH. 125 

of this hotel, who has lived in it fifty years and has now reached 
Ijfee venerable age of ninety, is proud of the ancient 
honors of the house. On his card he duly informs Homes and 
his friends that it was here that Johnson, Garrick, the^Brftish 
Goldsmith, and other literary characters of eminence Poets, vol. i.: 
mi 1 . 1 1 . -, . Goldsmith. 

used to resort, ihe house is old, spacious, and quiet. 

Dr. Joseph Rogers, an old resident of Soho Square, in 
reply to inquiries about this ancient tavern, kindly furnishes 
the following information : — 

Walker's Hotel consisted of five houses, two in Dean Street 
and three in Queen Street. The proprietor, when I first knew 
him, now [1883] nearly forty years ago, was a very old man. 
He had not the wit to adapt himself to modern notions, and 
continued to carry on his business in the old style until his 
business left him. At the time I made his acquaintance he was 
nearly iu solvent. He was ultimately ejected from the premises, 
and died at the workhouse of the Strand Union, at the advanced 
age of ninety-five. When I took the premises, No. 33 Dean Street 
(corner of Queen Street), now thirty-four years ago, the poor old 
man led me over the place and showed me the different rooms. 
He pointed out that in my first-floor front room. Goldsmith, 
Johnson, and others used to meet. He also told me that in the 
four-post bed in the said room Nelson slept the night before he 
embarked from Portsmouth to fight the battle of Trafalgar. He 
took me into his cellars, and showed me some whiskey he had put 
down in 1800. There is no doubt of the truth of this, and you 
can make use of the information as you see fit. The present 
Queen's Hotel (No. 12 Queen Street) was the bar of the old hotel. 
The two houses beyond were simply used as lodging-houses. 

Goldsmith wrote ' A Reverie ' at the Boar's Head Tavern, 
Shakspere's Boar's Head, in Eastcheap (Cannon Street), 
which stood at the junction of that thoroughfare and Grace- 
church Street, and was taken down when King William 
Street was formed, in 1831 » Its site is occupied by the 
statue to William IV. 



126 JOHN GO WEE. [1325-1408. 

One of his favorite suburban taverns was the Old Eed 

Lion, still standing in 1885, which, according to the in- 
scription in curious old English letters along its renewed 
front, was ' established in 1415.' It is at No. 186 St. John's 
Street Road, Islington, near the junction of Pentonville 
Road, City Road, and High Street. It has been restored ; 
but the old pointed gables and general antique style are 
retained. 

He spent much of his leisure time, also, at the Old Bap- 
tist's Head, No. 30 St. John's Lane, Clerkenwell, on the site 
of which a new tavern bearing the same name was erected 
a few years ago ; and at the White Conduit Tea Gardens, 
which stood on the east side of Penton Street, Pentonville, 
until 1849. A new White Conduit Tavern, in 1885, was at 
No. 14 Barnsbury Road, Penton Street. 



JOHN GOWER. 

Circa 1325-1408. 

GOWER, who is said to have been a member of the 
Middle Temple (see Chaucer, p. 46), seems to have 
seen but little of London, and no traces of his early life 
here are to be found. It is believed that he was married 
in the Church of St. Mary Overy, now St. Saviour's, South- 
wark, in 1397, by William of Wickham, then Bishop of 
Winchester ; and he is known to have spent the last few 
years of his life in blindness in the priory of that church, 
which he enriched by his gifts and bequests, and where he 
died and was buried (see Fletcher, p. 107). 

And thus whan they hadde gone theyr journey, the one of 
them, that is to saye, Joliu Gower, prepared for his bones a 



1716-1771.] THOMAS GRAY. 127 

restynge place in the monastery of Saynt Mayre Overies, where, 
somewhat after the olde flfashion he lyeth ryght sumptuously 
buryed, with a garland on his head in token that he 
in his lyfe dayes fiouryshed freshely in literature and Bertheiet's 
science, and the same monument in remembraunce of 5*^^*^°^\°/oo 

' vjower, lod2. 

hym erected, is on the north syde of the foresayde 

churche in the chapell of Saynte John, where he hath of his own 

foundation a masse dayly songe. 

John Gower, Esquire, a famous poet, was then an especial 

benefactor to that work, and was there buried in the north side 

of that church, in the chapel of St. John, where he „, , 

^ I. stow s 

founded a chantry ; he lieth under a tomb of stone, Survey of 

with his image also of stone over him ; the hair of his Edition 'of 

head, auburn, long to his shoulders, but curling up ^^^^■ 

and a small forked beard: on his head a chaplet like a coronet 

of four roses ; a habit of purple damasked down to his feet ; 

a collar of esses gold about his neck ; under his head the likeness 

of three books which he compiled. 

Gower's monument, for so many years in the Chapel of 
St. John, was repaired and recolored in 1832, and removed 
to the south transept of the church. The canons of the St. 
Mary Overy continued to perform ' a yearly obit to his mem- 
ory' for a long time, and to attach to his tomb a notice say- 
ing that ' Whosoever prayeth for the soul of John Gower, he 
shall, so oft as he soe doth, have an M and a D of pardon.' 



THOMAS GEAY. 

1716-1771. 

/'^ RAY'S associations with London were slight and acci- 
^-^ dental. He was born on the 26th of November, 1716, 
in the house of his father, a money-scrivener, on the south 
side of Cprnhill. This house^ whicji stogcj ou the sit§ of 



128 THOMAS GRAY. [1716-1771. 

No. 41 Cornhill, between Birchin Lane and St. Michael's 
Church, was destroyed by fire in 1748. After he went to 
Eton he never had a permanent home in the metropolis, 
but lodged during his occasional visits, as his letters show, 
at a hosier's named- Roberts, at the east end of Jermyn 
Street, near the Haymarket ; or at Trisby the Oilman's,' 
on the opposite side of the way. The names' of both 
Frisby and Eoberts are to be found in the early directo- 
ries, but before streets were numbered. Here he paid not 
more than half a guinea a week for his rooms, and dined 
at a neighboring coffee-house. 

In 1759 Gray lodged in Southampton Row, Bloomsbury 
Square, near the then new British Museum, to the Reading 
Room of which he was a frequent visitor. 

Gray, from his bedroom window, looked out on a southwest 

garden wall, covered with flowering jessamine through June and 

July. There had been roses, too, in this London 

Gosse's garden. Gray must always have flowers about him, 

EngUsii Men and he trudged down to Covent Garden every day for 

of Letters, j^ jg sweet peas and pinks and scarlet Martogon lilies, 
chap. vii. ^ ■■- . 

double stocks and flowering marjoram. His drawmg- 

room looked over Bedford Gardens, and a fine stretch of upland 

fields crowned at last against the sky by the villages of Highgate 

and Hampstead. 

A letter of Gray to Walpole, written in 1737, shows him 
to have been at that time an inmate of his uncle's house at 
Burnham, and expresses his interest in ' the most venerable 
beeches and other very reverend vegetables who dream out 
their old stories to the winds ' in the forest there. During 
his residence at Stoke, Burnham Beeches were his frequent 
resort. 

West End, the house in which Gray's mother lived, and he 
wrote much poetry and many letters, now [1876] called Stoke 
Coiirt, is about one mile north of the church. Gray described 



1794-1871.] GEORGE GHOTE. 129 

it as ' a compact neat "box ' of red brick, with sash windows, a 

grotto made of flints, a walnut-tree with three mole-hills under 

it.* The house was rebuilt by Mr, Penn about 1845, 

on a larger scale, and is now a gentleman's villa. The Hanri-Book 

room in which Gray wrote was, however, preserved, °t *^'^ ^?" 
•' ' ' ^ ' viroiis of 

and forms a part of the present house. The walnut- London : 
tree and grotto were retained, and the basin of gold- 
fishes greatly enlarged. 

The house in Gray's time was built of brick, and was three 
stories in height. It was afterwards covered with stucco, 
forming only a small wing to the right of the more pretentious 
mansion added to it by Mr. Penn. The present occupants 
have no knowledge of the walnut-tree or the grotto. 

Gray's devotion to his mother and to her memory is well 
known. She was buried in Stoke Pogis Churchyard, which 
is without question the churchyard of the ' Elegy,' to the east 
of the church, and under a stone bearing his touching testi- 
mony that she was ' The careful tender mother of many 
children, one of whom alone had the misfortune to survive 
her.' Gray, at his own request, rests his head upon the lap 
of earth by her side. 



GEOEGE GEOTE. 

1794-1871. 

f^ EOEGE GEOTE was bom at Shortlands near Becken- 
^^ ham, in Kent, about ten miles from London. After 
four years in the Grammar School at Sevenoaks, he was sent 
to the Charter House School (see Addison, p. 1), where 
he remained until he was sixteen, and where it is recorded 
that at that age he was well flogged for giving a farewell 

9 



130 GEORGE GEOTE. [1794-1871. 

supper, just before leaving school, to some of his classmates, 
at the Albion Tavern — still standing in 1885 — at No. 172 
Aldersgate Street. 

At the age of sixteen Grote entered the banking establish- 
ment of his father, No. 62 Threadneedle Street. He lived 
with his father in the banking-house until he was married, 
in 1820, when he took possession of a house 'in the court 
adjoining.' This was his town home for many years, and 
here the * History of Greece ' was designed and begun. He 
and his wife were often to be found in the Drapers' Garden 
hard by (see Macaulay), which had been the breathing-place 
of his fellow historian. 

Direct successors of the Grotes were still doing business 
in 1885 on the site of the original banking-house, on Thread- 
needle Street, corner of Bartholomew Lane. The ' adjoining 
court,' simply so described in the biography of Grote, was 
either Capel Court, by its side, in Bartholomew Lane, or 
New Court, or Shooter's Court, on Throgmorton Street, in 
its rear. The appearance of the entire block of buildings 
has been greatly changed of late years by the erection 
and extensions of the Stock Exchange and other business 
houses. 

The Grotes had different suburban homes, — at Fortis 
Green, beyond Highgate ; on the Green Lane, Stoke-New- 
ington, near the New River; at Burnham ; and at Dulwich, 
half a mile beyond Dalwich College. In 1836 Grote moved 
to No. 3 Eccleston Street, Belgrave Square, — an imposing 
mansion, numbered 3 Belgrave Place in 1885, — and in 
1848 to No. 12 Savile Eow, Burlington Gardens, where, in 
1871, he died. This house was standing in 1885. 

He was buried in Thirlwall's grave, in the Poets' Corner 
of Westminster Abbey. 



1776-1830.] WILLIAM HAZLITT. 131 

HENEY HALLAM. 

1777-78-1859. 

T T ALLAH was a Bencher of the Middle Temple. In 
1819, and later, he occupied an old-fashioned mansion 
at Fulham, called Arundel House, which in 1885 was still 
standing, although somewhat altered, on Fulham Road, op- 
posite Parson's Green Lane. 

He wrote his ' History of the Middle Ages ' at No. 67 
Wimpole Street, near Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square, 
his home for many years. 

He was a frequent partaker of the dinners of the Literary 
Club (see Goldsmith, p. 123). 



WILLIAM HAZLITT. 

1778-1830. 

T T AZLITT had no settled home of his own in London 
^ -^ until after his marriage, in 1808; but during his 
occasional visits to town he lodged with his brother John, 
at No. 12 Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in a house rebuilt 
in 1883, and later at No. 109 Great Russell Street, Blooms- 
bury Square, in a house which formed part of the old 
Tavistock House, but has now, entirely disappeared. 

Hazlitt was married to Miss Sarah Stoddard, on the 1st of 
May, 1808, at St. Andrew's, Holborn, now on the Viaduct. 

The only persons present at the marriage, so far as I can recol- 
lect, were Dr. and Mrs. Stoddard, and Mr. and Miss Lamb ; but 
I strongly suspect there were other guests of whom there is no 



132 WILLIAM HAZLITT. [1778-1830. 

remaining record. Lamb, in a letter to South ey, dated August 
9, 1815, more than seven years after the event, thus alludes to his 

having been present: ' I was at Hazlitt's marriage, and 
Wiiiiam bad liked to have been turned out several times during 
Pehap^'xr* the ceremony. Anything awful makes me laugh.' It 

was not an every-day kind of business this, -with Wil- 
liam Hazlitt for bridegroom, and Charles Lamb for best man, and 
Miss Lamb for bridesmaid ; and all of a Sunday morning I I 
wonder whether Elia appeared at the altar in his snufF-colored 
smalls. I wonder whether Miss Lamb wore, after all, the sprig 
dress, or the China-Manning silk, or a real white gown ? I won- 
der in what way Lamb misbehaved, so as to leave a strong impres- 
sion on his mind — years after ? To have been in St. Andrew's 
that day, and to have seen the whole thing from a good place, 
would bave been a recollection worth cherishing. 

In 1812 Hazlitt and his wife took possession of the house 
No. 19 York Street, Westminster, which had been occupied 
by John Milton; and here they lived until 1819. This 
house was taken down in 1877. It faced on York Street 
in Hazlitt's day, a few doors east of the spot where the 
Westminster Panorama was afterwards built ; and the gar- 
den in its rear formed part of the lawn of Queen Anne 
Mansions in 1885 (see Milton). 

On knocking at the door [No. 19 York Street, Westminster], it 
was, after a long interval, opened by a sufficiently neat-handed do- 
mestic. The outer door led immediately from the street 

C G Pat- 

rnore's My (down a step) into an empty apartment, indicating an 
Acquaint- *^ uninhabited house, and I supposed I had mistaken the 
ances, vol. number ; but on asking for the object of my search, 

ii. : Hazlitt. t^i'i i/- V i 

I was shown to a door, which opened (a step from the 
ground) on to a ladder-like staircase, bare like the rest, which led 
to a dark, bare landing-place and thence to a large square wain- 
scoted apartment. The great curtainless windows of this room 
looked upon some dingy trees ; the whole of the wall over and 
about the chimney-piece was entirely covered, up to the ceiling, 
by names written in pencil, of all sizes and characters, and in all 



1778-1830.] WILLIAM HAZLITT, 133 

directions, commemorative of visits of curiosity to the home of 
Pindarus (John Milton). There was near to the empty fireplace 
a table with breakfast things upon it (though it was two o'clock 
in the afternoon). Three chairs and a sofa were standing about 
the room, and one unbound book lay on the mantel-piece. At 
the table sat Hazlitt, and on the sofa a lady, whom I found to be 
his wife. 

Once I dined with him [Hazlitt]. This (an unparalleled occur- 
rence) -was in York Street, when some friends had sent him a 
couple of Dorking fowls, of which he suddenly invited 
me to partake, I went expecting the usual sort of Recoiiec- 
d inner, but it was limited solely to the fowls and of^Jetters^^ 
bread. He drank nothing but water, and there was 
nothing but water to drink. He offered to send for some porter 
for me ; but being out of health at the time I declined, and 
escaped after dinner to a coffee-house, where I strengthened 
myself with a few glasses of wine. 

In 1820 Hazlitt was living in apartments at No. 9 South- 
ampton Buildings, a short street running crookedly between 
Holborn and Chancery Lane. No. 9, on the west side of 
the street, and nine doors from Holborn, was taken down 
in 1883. He had in 1820 finally separated from his first 
wife. His changes of residence after the breaking up of his 
York Street home were many. Mr. Patmore found him in 
1824 in Down Street, Piccadilly, and pleasantlj^ describes 
his erratic life there, his late rising, h'is musing during the 
greater part of his days at the breakfast- table, and his 
stimulating himself to excess with very strong tea. About 
1827 he lodged at No. 40 Half Moon vStreet, Piccadilly, in 
a house no longer standing; in 1829 he removed to No. 3 
Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, — raised one story in 1885; 
and in 1830 he went to No. 6 Frfth Street, Soho, where in 
the same year he died. 

One Saturday afternoon in September [Sept. 18, ^?"loirsof 
1830], when Charles Lamb was in the room, the scene Hazlitt, part 
closed. He [Hazlitt] died so quietly that his son, who "" ^ *^' ^^" 



134 WILLIAM HAZLITT. [1778-1830. 

was sitting by his bedside, did not know that he was gone till 
the vital breath had been extinct a moment or two. 

The house in which Hazlitt died was, in 1885, standing 
unchanged. 

The grave of Hazlitt is in the yard of St. Anne's Church, 
Wardour and Dean Streets, Soho. Against the centre wall 
of the church on the Wardour Street side, and on the right 
hand as you enter the yard, is a flat stone standing under 
that of the King of Corsica. The inscription is so remark- 
able that it is given here" in full : — 

Near This Spot 

Eests 
William Hazlitt 
Born April 10th, 1778. Died Sept. 18th, 1830. 
He lived to see liis deepest wishes gratified 
As he expressed them in his Essay 
* On The Fear of Death ' 
viz : 

• To see the downfall of the Bourbons, 
And some prospect of good in mankind. 

(Charles X 
Was driven from France 29th July, 1830) 

* To leave some sterling work to the World ' 
He lived to complete his ' Life of Napoleon " 

His desire 
That some friendly hand should 
consign him to the grave, was accomplished to a 
limited but profound extent ; on these conditions 
He was ready to depart, and to have inscribed 
on his tomb, 
Grateful and Contented. 
He was 
The first (unanswered) Metaphysician of the Age ; 
A despiser of the merely Rich and Great, 
A lover of the People, Poor, or Oppressed ; , 
A hater of the Pride and Power of the Few 
As opposed to the happiness of the Many. 



1778-1830.] WILLIAM HAZLITT. 135 

A man of true Moral Courage 
To Principles, 
And a Yearning for the good of Human Nature. 
"Who was a burning wound to an Aristocracy 

That could not answer before men, 
And who may confront him before their Maker. 
He lived and died 
The unconquered Champion 
of 
Truth, Liberty and Humanity 
* Dubitantes opera legite.' 

This Stone 
is raised by one whose heart 
is with him in the grave. 

Hazlitt, while living a wild, unsettled life in Southamp- 
ton Buildings, frequented the Southampton Coffee House 
in that street, which he has described in his chapter on 
' Coffee House Politicians,' in his ' Table Talk/ published in 
1823. This tavern, a door or two from Chancery Lane, 
was 'restored' in 1882 or 1883, and everything which be- 
longed to it in Hazlitt's day destroyed by the demons of 
improvement and renovation. 

Here [the Southampton] for several years he used to hold a 
sort of evening levee, where, after a certain hour at night (and till 
a very uncertain hour in the morning) he was always p - 
to be found, and always more or less ready to take My Friends 
part in that sort of desultory talk (the only thing quaintances: 
really deserving the name of conversation), in which he ^^ 
excelled every man I have ever met with. Here, in that little 
bare and comfortless coffee-room have I scores of times seen the 
daylight peep through the crevices of the window-shutters, upon 
Table Talk that was worthy an intellectual feast of the gods. 



136 ROBEET HERRICK. [1591-1674. 

GEOEGE HEEBEET. 

1593-1632. 

GEORGE HERBERT was a pupil of Westminster School 
(see Churchill, p. 51). In 1609 he left Westmin- 
ster to enter Cambridge University, where, according to 
Izaak Walton, he consecrated the first fruits of his early age 
to virtue and a serious study of learning. He had but few 
associations with London. 



H 



EGBERT HEEEICK. 

1591-1674. 

ERRICK was born in Wood Street, Cheapside, as he 
sings in his ' Tears to Thamasis,' — 

* Golden Cheapside, where the earth 
Of Julia Herrick gave to me my birth,' — 

and was baptized in the Church of St. Vedast, in Foster 
Lane, hard by. This church was destroyed in the Great 
Fire of the next century, but was rebuilt by Wren. Her- 
^ rick's youth, it would seem, was spent in London ; but 
he has left no record of his education, nor of his early 
life here, except that when he was about thirty years of 
age, he was adopted as one of the ' poeticale sonnes ' of 
Ben Jonson, In 1615 he went to the University of Cam- 
bridge, and for twenty years lived a quiet and retired life in 
a country vicarage in Devonshire. When deprived of this 
by Cromwell, he lodged for some time in St. Anne's Lane 



1799-1845.] THOMAS HOOD. 13T 

(now St. Anne's Street), running from Orchard Street to 
Great Peter Street, Westminster, where he remained until 
the Restoration ; but after that London saw him not again. 
His 'Hesperides' was pubhshed in 1648, 'to be sold at the 
Crown and Marygold, St. Paul's Church Yard,' a sign which 
was destroyed, of course, eighteen years later, with the ca- 
thedral and all its surroundings. 



THOMAS HOLCROFT. 

1744-1809. 

T T OLCROFT was born in Orange Court, Leicester Fields 
-'- ^ (since known as Orange Street, Leicester Square), 
and worked until he was ififteen years of age at the trade of 
his father, a shoemaker in South Audley Street. Few 
records of his London life have been left. He died in the 
parish of Marylebone. 



THOMAS HOOD. 

1799-1845. 

n^HOMAS HOOD was born over the bookshop of Messrs. 
-*■ Vernon and Hood, in the Poultry, on the northwest 
corner of the little lane called Chapel Place, running be- 
tween Grocers' Hall Court and St. Mildred's Court. The 
house has been taken down. The building upon its site was 
numbered 31 Poultry in 1885. 



138 THOMAS HOOD. [1799-1845. 

Hood's first school was in Tokenhouse Yard (No. 45 Loth- 
bury), and was kept by the Misses Hogsflesh. The brother 
of these ladies was so painfully sensitive regarding the family 
name that he never answered to it, and the scholars were 
instructed to address him by his initial only. This story, 
told in later years by Hood to his friends, suggested to 
Lamb the subject of his unfortunate farce, ' Mr. H.' 

Hood afterwards went to a school at Clapham, the site of 
which he once pointed out to his son, but which in his ' Me- 
morials ' of his father the younger Hood does not describe. 

Hood was married in 1824 ; and a letter of Charles Lamb's 
* To the Hoods, Eobert Street, Adelphi,' is among the 
correspondence of Elia. This Eobert Street house. No. 2, is 
no longer standing. The Hoods left ^London in 1829 to 
reside in the country, and did not return to town for a 
number of years. 

Hood near the end of 1841 went to No. 17 Elm Tree 
E,oad, St. John's Wood, Regent Park, where he wrote, for 
the Christmas number of ' Punch,' 1843, ' The Song of 
the Shirt.' This house, a rigid, uncompromising three- 
story mansion, was standing in 1885 at the curve of the 
street, and was called 'The Cedars.' 

After his removal to St. John's Wood, my father used to have 
little modest dinners now and then, to which his intimate friends 
were invited. Though the board did not groan, sides 
c5f Thomas ^ssd to ache ; and if the champagne did not flow in 
chTD^'ix streams, the wit sparkled to make up for it. . . . On 
one occasion, to my mother's horror, the boy fell upstairs 
with the plum pudding. The accident formed a peg for many jokes ; 
amongst others, a declaration that the pudding — which he said 
was a stair, not a cabinet, one — ■ had disagreed with him, and that 
he felt the pattern of the stair-carpet breaking out all over him. 

Early in the year 1844 the Hoods went to Finchley 
Road. 



1799-1845.] THOMAS HOOD. 139 

My new house is at Devonshire Lodge, New Finchley Eoad, 
St. John's Wood, where I shall be most happy to see you ; it is 
just beyond the 'Ejre Arms, three doors short of the 
turnpike. The Magazine office [Hood's Magazine] is of Thomas 
No. 1 Adam Street, Adelphi, and I am sometimes chap.'xii. 
there of a morning. 

No. 1 Adam Street, Adelphi, is at the corner of Adelphi 
Terrace. There is no Devonshire Lodge in Finchley Road. 
The turnpike was afterwards called Queen's Eoad, and Hood's 
house was probably taken down to make room for the rail- 
way station. 

Hood died at Devonshire Lodge, May 3, 1845, and on the 
10th was buried in Kensal Green. 

His funeral was quiet and private, though attended by many 
who had known and loved him. , . . Eighteen months after- 
wards his faithful wife was buried by his side. . . . 
I have a perfect recollection of my father's funeral, and o/Tiiomas 

of the unfeigned sorrow of those kind and beloved Hood, 

" ^ ^ , chap. xiiL 

friends who attended it. It was a beautiful spring day ; 
and I remember it was noticed that just as the service concluded, 
a lark rose up, mounting and singmg over our heads. This was 
in the middle of the day. 

The monument to Hood in Kensal Green was erected by 
public subscription, at the suggestion of Eliza Cook, and was 
unveiled by Lord Houghton, July 18, 1854. The simple 
epitaph was of his own selecting : ' He sang " The Song of 
the Shirt."' 



140 THEODORE HOOK. [1788-1841. 



THEODOEE HOOK. 

1788-1841. 
T T OOK was born in Charlotte Street, Bedford Square. 

Met Hook in the Burlington Arcade ; walked with him to the 
British Museum. As we passed down Great Russell Street, Hook 

paused on arriving at Charlotte Street, Bedford Square, 
Lett&re of R. ^^^j pointing to the northwest corner nearly opposite 
H. Barham, j^q i]^^q house (the second from the corner) in which 

he himself was born, observed, ' There by that lamp- 
post stood Martha the Gypsy.' 

Bedford Square and its immediate neighborhood have seen 
but few changes daring the last hundred years, although 
Charlotte Street in Hook's babyhood included the present 
Bloomsbury Street. 

Hook went to school in Soho Square, at ' a green-doored, 
brass-plated establishment,' the number of which he does 
not give, but which might be any one of half a dozen simi- 
lar houses answering to that description, and standing in 
1885, as they had stood a century earlier, on different sides 
of the green. Here, according to his own story, he was a 
regular truant, walking about the neighboring streets during 
school hours, and inventing excuses for his unlawful absence. 

Hook had no settled home in London when in 1810 he per- 
petrated his famous joke, known as the ' Berners Street 
Hoax.' Mrs. Tottingham, the unhappy victim, lived at No. 
54 Berners Street (running from Oxford Street, northerly to 
Mortimer Street and the Middlesex Hospital), when there 
came to her door hundreds of tradespeople bearing goods of 
all sizes and descriptions, from a mahogany coffin to an ounce 



1788-1841.] THEODORE HOOK. 141 

of snuff, ordered by Hook, in her name, to be delivered at 
the same hour ; while at the same hour, at the invitation 
of Mrs. Tottingham (jper T. H.), came as well bishops, min- 
isters of State, doctors in haste to cure her bodily ailments,, 
lawyers to make her will, barbers to shave her, mantuar 
makers to fit her, — men, women, and <}hildren on every con- 
ceivable errand. The damage done and the confusion created 
were very great ; and Hook, who had spent six weeks in con- 
cocting and elaborating the scheme, witnessed the effects 
from a safe window over the way. 

In 1820 Hook established the newspaper called *John 
Bull.' Its office was in Gough Square, Fleet Street (see 
Johnson). At this time he was living in a small cottage 
at Somers Town. 

In 1823 he was brought to England from the Mauritius in 
disgrace for the misconduct of a deputy for which he was 
held responsible, and was imprisoned in a sponging-house 
in Shire Lane (no longer in existence ; see Addison, p. 8), 
where he remained nine months. To a consoling friend who 
congratulated him upon the comfort and brightness of his 
prison apartments, he replied, pointing to the arrangements 
made to prevent escape, '■ Oh, yes, the room is cheerful 
enough barring the windows ! ' Subsequently he was re- 
moved to a lodging-house ' within the rule of King's Bench 
Prison,' in South wark, where he spent a year. This house 
was in Temple Place, a row of buildings in the Blackfriars 
Eoad, not far from the Surrey Theatre. 

After his final discharge from arrest, in 1825, Hook hired 
a cottage at Putney; but in 1827 he took a larger and more 
fashionable mansion, No. 5 Cleveland Row, directly oppo- 
site the Chapel Royal, St. James's, which was still standing 
in 1885. 

In 1831 Hook settled at Egmont Villa, at Fulham, where 
the rest of his life was spent. 



142 THEODORE HOOK. [1788-1841. 

Here he engaged a comfortable but unpretending villa on the 

banks of the river, situated between the bridge [Putney Bridge] 

and the pleasure-grounds of the Bishop of London. . . . 
Barham's j. o x 

Life of His library was the beau ideal of a literary workshop ; 

Siap^'iii! ^ ^^ moderate dimensions, but light and cheerful, hung 

round with choice specimens of water-color drawings, 

and opening into a small garden . 

This house was taken down in 1855. It stood on the site 
of the abutment of the Aqueduct of the Chelsea Water 
"Works Company. 

Hook died at Fulham on the 24th of August, 1841, and was 
buried very privately in the churchyard of All Saints there, 
immediately opposite the chancel window, and within a few 
steps of his own house. A simple stone, with his name and 
age, marks the spot ; but no green mound was above him 
when his grave was visited in 1885, — not a blade of grass or 
a flower flourishing among the pebbles and rough, yellow, 
unsightly flints that surround his headstone. 

Hook was a clubable man, and a frequenter of Crockford's, 
on the west side of St. James's Street, on the site of which the 
Devonshire Club, No. 50 St. James's Street, was afterwards 
erected, and of the Eccentrics, which met in his day in 
Chandos Street, Covent Garden (see Sheridan). 

He was, however, more closely associated with the Athe- 
naeum Club, Waterloo Place and Pall Mall, than with any 
other. 

At the Athenseum Theodore Hook was a great card ; and in a 
note to a sketch of him in the ' Quarterly Review,' it is stated that 

the number of dinners at this club fell off by upwards 
riosities of of three hundred per annum after Hook disappeared 
aubs!'^ ' from his favorite corner, next the door of the cofl"ee-room. 

That is to say, there must have been some dozen of gen- 
tlemen who chose to dine there once or twice every week of the 
season, merely for the chance of Hook's being there, and permit- 
ting them to draw their chairs to his little table in the course of 



1711-1776.] DAVID HtTME. 143 

tlie evening. The comer alluded to will, we suppose, long retain 
the name which it derived from him, ' Temperance Corner.' 
Many grave and dignified personages being frequent guests, it 
would hardly have been seemly to be calling for repeated supplies 
of a certain description ; but the waiters well understood what the 
oracle of the corner meant by * Another glass of toast and water,' 
or ' A little more lemonade.' 

He was also a member of * The Honorable Society of 
Jackers,' which met as late as 1812 at the Black Jack Tav- 
ern, No. 12 Portsmouth Street, near Portugal Street, Lincoln's 
Inn Fields. This inn — called also the ' Jump,' from an ex- 
ploit of Jack Sheppard, who was one of its frequenters — was 
still standing in 1885, although doomed to destruction, and 
was one of the oldest, most curious and interesting inns left 
in the metropolis. It had escaped the restorers, who have 
done so much to wipe out all that they have attempted to 
renew ; and save the few slight repairs that had been neces- 
sary to keep it from tumbling to pieces, it was left as 
Joe Miller and the worthies of his and later days had known 
it. In the little dark back-parlor were the very benches and 
tables of a couple of centuries ago, carved with the now un- 
decipherable initials of a thousand names, many of which, 
no doubt, were not born to die. 



DAVID HUME. 

1711-1776. 

TTUME spent but little time in London. In 1758 he 
^ was in lodgings in Lisle Street, Leicester Fields, and 
again in 1766, when Eousseau was his guest, and before their 
famous quarrel began. It was here that, as Eousseau 
asserted, Hume insulted him while talking in his sleep, — a 



144 LEIGH HUNT. [1784-1859. 

grave charge, doubted by Hume's friends, who did not credit 
him with ' snoring in French/ While Hume was Under- 
Secretary of State, from 1767 to 1769, he occupied a house 
in Park Place, St. James's Street. The streets of London 
were not regularly numbered at that time, and the position 
of neither of these houses is known. He was a member 
of Brooks's, which was in his day at No. 52 Pall Mall. The 
British Institution, now no longer standing, afterwards occu- 
pied its site. 



LEIGH HUNT. 

1784-1859. 



T EIGH HUNT was bom in the village of Southgate, 
-*— ^ eight miles north of London, and in the parish of 
Edmonton, where lie the weary bones of Charles and Mary 
Lamb (see Lamb). He was educated at the Blue Coat 
School (see Coleridge, pp. 56-57), and in his Autobiogra- 
phy has given a graphic description of that establishment 
in his day, and of his own life there. 

Christ-Hospital (for such is its proper name, and not Christ's 
Hospital) occupies a considerable portion of ground between 
Newgate Street, Giltspur Street, St. Bartholomew's, 
Hunt's and Little Britain. There is a quadrangle with clois- 

ography, ters ; and the Square inside the cloisters is called the 
chap. 111. Garden, and most likely was the monastery garden. 
Its only delicious crop for many years has been pavement. 
Another large area, presenting the Grammar and Navigation 
Schools, is also misnamed the Ditch ; the town ditch having 
formerly run that way. In Newgate Street is seen the hall, or 
eating-room, — one of the noblest in England, adorned with enor- 
mously long paintings by Verrio and others, and with an organ. 
A portion of the old quadrangle once contained the library 



1784-1859.] LEIGH HUNT. 145 

of the monks, and was built or repaired by the famous Whitting- 
ton, whose arms were to be seen outside ; but alterations of late 
years have done it away. Our routine of life was this. We 
rose to the caU of a bell at six in summer, and seven in winter ; 
and after combing ourselves, and washing our hands and face, 
we went at the call of another bell to breakfast. All this took 
up about an hour. From breakfast we proceeded to school, where 
we remained till eleven, winter and summer, and then had an 
hour's play. Dinner took place at twelve. Afterwards was a 
little play till one, when we went again to school, and remained 
till five in summer and four in winter. At six was the supper. 
We used to play after it in summer till eight. On Sundays, 
the school time of other days was occupied in church, both morn- 
ing and evening ; and as the Bible was read to us every day 
before every meal, besides prayers and grace, we rivalled the 
monks in the religious part of our duties. 

On the 13th of June, 1813, Byron and Moore dined with 
Hunt in Horsemonger Lane Gaol during his two years' im- 
prisonment in that establishment for his libel upon the 
Prince Eegent in the ' Examiner.' 

Our day in the prison was, if not agreeable, at least novel and 
odd. I had, for Lord Byron's sake, stipulated with our host before- 
hand, that the party should be as much as possible 
confined to ourselves ; and as far as regarded dinner Life of 
my wishes had been attended to. . . . Soon after din- ^^°^' 
ner, however, there dropped in some of our host's literary friends, 
who, being utter strangers to Lord Byron and myself, rather dis- 
turbed the ease in which we were all sitting. 

Hunt thus describes his prison surroundings : — 

I papered the walls with a trellis of roses ; I had the ceiling 
colored with clouds and sky ; the barred windows Hunt's 
were screened with Venetian blinds; and when my and*^s?me°of 
bookcases were set up, with their busts and flowers, ^^^ Contem- 

<KM^' ' poranes, 

and a pianoforte made its appearance, perhaps there vol. ii, 

was not a handsomer room on that side of the water. I took a 

pleasure, when a stranger knocked at the door, to see him come in 

10 



146 LEIGH HUNT. [1784-1869. 

and stare about him. The surprise on issuing from the borough 
and passing through the avenue of a jail was dramatic. Charles 
Lamb declared there was no other such room except in a fairy tale. 

Horse monger Lane Gaol stood on the south side of Trinity 
Square, Newington Causeway. Its chief entrance — still 
standing in 1885, and occupied as an office for the stamping 
of weights and measures, — was on Union Eoad, formerly 
Horsemonger Lane. A public playground for children was 
opened on the site of the old prison in the spring of 1885. 

When I first visited Leigh Hunt [1817], he lived at No. 8 
York Buildings, in the New Road. His house was small and 
Procter's scantily furnished. It was in a tiny room, built out at 
RecoUec- the back of the drawing-room, or first floor, which he 

tionsof . , , ^ ' ,, T \. 1 • 

Men of appropriated as a study, and over the door oi this was 

Letters. ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^-^^ < Faery Queene.' ... He had very few 

books : an edition of the Italian Poets in many volumes, Spenser's 
works, and the minor poems of Milton being, however, amongst 
them. I don't think there was a Shakspere. There were always a 
few cut flowers in a glass of water .on the table. 

New Road, which extended from City Road to Edgeware 
Road in Hunt's time, has been divided by the Metropolitan 
Board of Works, for some deeply mysterious reason, into 
Pentonville Eoad, Euston Road, and Marylebone Road. York 
Buildings, which no longer exists as such, was on the south 
side of the present Marylebone Road, between York Place 
and Gloucester Place, and not far from Marylebone Church. 

There is, in the National Portrait Gallery at Kensington, 
a letter of Hunt's, dated 1830, from 'Cromwell Lane, Old 
Brompton.' This was that part of the street since called 
Harrington Road, which lies between Queen's Gate and Old 
Brompton Road. Hunt was living at No. 4 Upper Cheyne 
Row, Chelsea, in 1834, when Carlyle became his neighbor; 
and his suiToundings at that time are thus described by the 
Chelsea Sage : — 



1784-1859.] LEIGH HUNT. 147 

Hunt's household. Nondescript ! Unutterable I Mrs. Hunt 
asleep on cushions ; four or five beautiful, strange, gypsy-looking 
children running about in undress, whom the lady or- 
dered to get us tea. The eldest boy, Percy, — a sallow, cariyie, 
black-haired youth of sixteen, with a kind of dark e^ap^xviil 
cotton nightgown on, — went whirling about like a 
familiar, pervading everything; an indescribable dream-like house- 
hold. . . . Hunt's house excels all you have ever read of, — a 
poetical Tinkerdom, without parallel even in literature. In his 
family room, where are a sickly large wife and a whole school 
of well-conditioned wild children, you will find half a dozen old 
rickety chairs gathered from half a dozen different hucksters, and 
all seeming engaged, and just pausing, in a violent hornpipe. On 
these and around them and over the dusty table and ragged car- 
pet lie all kinds of litter, — books, paper, egg-shells, scissors, and, 
last night when I was there, the torn heart of a half-quarter loaf. 
His own room above stairs, into which alone I strive to enter, he 
keeps cleaner. It has only two chairs, a bookcase, and a writing- 
table ; yet the noble Hunt receives you in his Tinkerdom in 
the spirit of a king, apologizes for nothing, places you in the best 
seat, takes a window-sill himself if there is no other, and then, 
folding closer his loose flowing 'muslin cloud' of a printed night- 
gown, in which he always writes, commences the liveliest dia- 
logue on philosophy and the prospects of man (who is to be 
beyond measure happy yet ) ; which again he will courteously 
terminate the moment you are bound to go : a most interesting, 
pitiable, lovable man, to be used kindly but with discretion. 

Upper Cheyne Row, which crosses Great Cheyne Row, not 
far from the house occupied so long by Carlyle, has been re- 
numbered; but Hunt's quiet old-fashioned little house, which 
in 1885 was No. 10, was pointed out by old residents of 
the street, who remembered Hunt's occupancy of it half a 
century before. 

Hunt's homes and lodgings in London and its neighbor- 
hood were many and varied, and it is not possible to follow 
him to them all. He lived at one time at Paddington, 



148 LEIGH HtTKT. [1784-1859. 

where the windows of his study looked out on to West- 
bourne Grove ; he lodged once near Coleridge, at Highgate y 
and when he wrote ^ The Old Court Suburb/ he occupied 
the house ISTo. 32 Edwardes Square, Kensington, which 
in 1885 was still standing as he left it. 

Leigh Hunt Furthermore, I want you to come up here [No. 32 
BiaSard' Edwardes Square] and give me a look in. It will do 
Jerroid's Life your kindly eyes good to see the nice study into which 
JerroM, ^^ I have escaped out of all the squalidities at Chelsea, 
chap.iv. T^a at all hours. 

I did not know Leigh Hunt in his prime, but I knew him well 

when he lived at Edwardes Square, South Kensington. He was 

then yielding to the universal conqueror. His son tells 

Retro5)^ii? us : ' He was usually seen in a dressing-gown, bending 

of a Long j^^jg j^g^d over a book or over a desk.' TaU and upright 
Life. , . -i 

still ; his hair white and straggling, scattered over a 

brow of manly intelligence ; his eyes retaining much of their old 
brilliancy combined with gentleness; his conversation still spark- 
ling, though by fits and starts, — he gave me the idea of a sturdy 
ruin that, in donning the vest of time had been recompensed for 
gradual decay of strength by gaining ever more and more of the 
picturesque. 

Hunt lived early in this century in the Vale of Health, a 
little hamlet on Hampstead Heath. At one end is a mon- 
ster caravansary of the common type, with merry-go-rounds 
and tea-gardens, called the Vale of Health Hotel; while at 
the other end is a smaller public house, called the Vale of 
Health Tavern ; and between the two are a number of un- 
assuming buildings of the * villa ' order, but none seemingly 
dating back to Hunt's time. Old inhabitants of the neigh- 
borhood say that its character has entirely changed dur- 
ing the last fifty years. Mr. Thorne believes that Hunt's 
house was on the site of the Vale of Health Hotel. Dur- 
ing the last year of his life he is said to have lived at 
Hammersmith,® 



1753-1821.1 MRS. INCHBALD. 149 

June 30, 1859. — Drove to Hammersmith, where we found 
,Leigh Hunt and his two daughters awaiting us. pj ^^ 
lit was a very tiny cottage, with white curtains and James T 
'iiowers in the window ; but his beautiful manner made biographical 
it a lich abode. The dear old man talked delightfully '^^"^^'• 
about his flowers, calling them ' gentle household pets. 

Hunt's name is not to be found in the ' London Directory ' 
for 1859. 

Hunt died, two mouths later, while visiting a friend in 
Chatfield House, — a modest two-storied brick dwelling on 
the west side of the High Street, Putney, and numbered 84 
a quarter of a century afterwards. He was buried in Kensal 
Green. 



M 



MES. mCHBALD. 

1753-1821. 

RS. INCHBALD in 1784 was lodging in Leices- 
ter Court, Leicester Fields, afterwards Leicester 
Square, in very humble apartments, where she began the 
writing of the plays which have made her name known 
to-day. 

In 1787 she lived in Russell Street, Covent Garden, in the 
house which had been Button's (see Addison, p. 6). Here 
she occupied herself in translating plays from the French, 
and here she sold for two hundred pounds her * Simple 
Story,' written in Frith Street, Soho, years before. 

In 1810 Mrs. Inch bald lived at No. 5, and afterwards 
at No. 11, George's Row, overlooking Hyde Park, and 
since called St. George's Place, not far from St. George's 
Hospital. 



150 MRS. iNCHBALt). [1753-1821. 

In 1812 she removed to No. 4 Earl's Terrace, a quaint, 
old-fashioned row of buildings with a strip of green before 
them, in Kensington Road opposite Holland Park. She 
lodged also in Sloane Street, Knightsbridge, and in Leonard 
Place, Kensington, near Earl's Court Koad. 

At all times Mrs. Inchbald seems to have determined to retain 
her perfect independence, and to have chosen to have her time 
and property at her own disposal. She had an enthu- 
Ehvood's siastic love of home, although that home was often, 
LadieTof ii^deed generally, only a single, or at most a couple of 
vof t"-'Mrs ^^^^^ ^H^ t^'o or three pairs of stairs, occasionally in 
Inchbald. the attic, where she was waited on by the servant of 
the house, or sometimes not waited on at all, for she 
not unfrequently speaks of fetching her own water, and dressing 
her own dinner ; and she once kept a coroneted carriage waiting 
whilst she finished scouring her apartment. ... At one time she 
took up her abode in a boarding-house ; but she could not, she 
said, when there, command her appetite and be hungry at stated 
periods, like the rest of the boarders ; so she generally returned to 
her attic, her crust of bread, and liberty. 

Mrs. Inchbald died at Kensington House, which stood at 
the entrance of Kensington High Street, almost opposite the 
Palace Gate. In Mrs. Inchbald's day it was a college of 
the Order of Jesuits. It was afterwards a private lunatic 
asylum, but was taken down in 1872 to make way for the 
grand mansion of Baron Grant, which also in its turn has 
disappeared. 

Here [Kensington House] Mrs. Inchbald spent , the last two 
Lei h years of her life ; and here on the 1st of August, 1821, 

Hunt's she died, we fear — how shall we say it of so excellent 

^^^ Court A • ^-u ■ 4- ' -u^x. *• v -) 

Suburb, a w^oman, and in the sixty-eighth year or her age i — 

« ap. VI. ^^ tight lacing. But she had been very handsome, was 

still handsome, was growing fat, and had never liked to part with 

her beauty ; who that is beautiful does 1 



1794-1860.] ANNA JAMfeSON. l5l 

Mrs. Inchbald was buried in the yard of St. Mary's 
Church, Kensington (see Colman, p. 62). The gravestones 
were all removed on the destruction of the old church, and 
no tablet to her memory is to be found in the new 



ANNA JAMESOK 

1794-1860. 

IV yTES. JAMESON came to London with her family in 
^^^ 1803, when they settled at Hanwell on the Uxbridge 
Road. In 1806 they were living 'in the busy region of 
Pall Mall.' 

She began her married life in Chenies Street, which runs 
from Gower Street to Tottenham Court Road. 

On her return to" London after a continental tour in 1825 
she lived for many years in the house of her sister, No. 7 
Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square. The street has been 
lengthened, and of course renumbered. Mrs. Jameson's 
home was in the present Cavendish Street, a few doors 
from the Square. 

Mrs. Jameson was v4siting friends at No. 51 Wimpole 
Street in 1844, when she first met Mrs. Browning, then 
Miss Barrett, who lived next door. 

From 1851 to 1854 she lived in Bruton Street, Berkeley 
Square. 

Here she was able to collect her friends about her, and saw a 
good deal of what may fairly be termed brilliant so- 
ciety at the simple evening-parties which she held on An™a°Jam°l- 
"Wednesday evenings, much after the fashion of the Ro- son : Later 
man reunions, in which the circle of her literary friends 
was diversified by a little admixture from the great world, and by 



152 DOUGLAS JERBOLt). [1803-1857. 

the occasional appearance of strangers of note, Americans and 
"foreigners. 

Mrs. Jameson, spending much time among the art treas- 
ures in the Pi'int Room of the British Museum, was in lodg- 
ings in Conduit Street, Regent Street, in the spring of 1860; 
and here in March of that year she died. 

She was buried by the side of her father and mother in 
Kensal Green. 



DOUGLAS JEEEOLD. 

1803-1857. 

T^OUGLAS JERROLD was born in Greek Street, Soho, 
^^ January 3, 1803, during a visit of his mother to 
London ; but his infancy and his youth were spent in the 
neighborhood of the various provincial theatres of which 
his father was manager. 

After two years of life as a ship's boy, where he gathered, 
by hard experience, the knowledge afterwards displayed in 
his famous nautical drama, he settled in London in 1816, 
* in humble enough lodgings in Broad Court,' a quaint little 
thoroughfare full of dingy old houses, running from Bow 
Street to Drury Lane. While living here he was appren- 
ticed to a printer in IN'orthumberland Street, Strand. 

The young printer brought home joyfully enough his first 

earnings. Very dreary was his home, with his poor 
Life of Doug- 1 ? 1 ..... ^ 

lasJ(rroid Weak lather sittmg m the chmmey-corner: but there 

chap-^fi*"' ^"^^ ^ fi^^ ill t^ie boy that w^ould light up that home ; 
at any rate, they were very cheerful for one day. 

In 1819 he was in the establishment of a printer in 
Lombard Street, his first employer having failed. 

ISTo record of Jerrold's home life in London for a number 
of years is preserved to us. In 1829 his address was No. 4 



1803-1857.] DOUGLAS JERROLD. 153 

Augustus Square, Regent's Park, — a small two-storied, 
countrified cottage at the junction of Park Village and 
Augustus Street; left unaltered in 1885. In 1834 he was 
living in Thistle Grove, Fulham Road, Chelsea, since ex- 
tended and renumbered ; in 1835, in Michael's Grove, Brorap- 
ton Road. In 1838 his address was Haverstock Hill. In 
1844 he had a cottage in Park Village, East Regent's Park, 
near Augustus Square, which forty years later was as quiet 
and rural as a village street ; and in 1845 he went to West 
Lodge, Lower Putney Common, where he remained eight or 
nine years. 

This study [West Lodge] is a very snug room. All about it 
are books. Crowning the shelves are Milton and Shakspere. 
A bit of Shakspere's mulberry tree lies on the mantel- 
piece. Above the sofa are the 'Rent Day' and lasJerroid^" 
* Distraining; for Rent,' Wilkie's two pictures. Under ^l ^^^ ^?"' 

® ' _ ^ cnai). xu. 

the two prints laughs Sir Joshua's sly ' Puck,' perched 
upon a pulpy mushroom. . . . The furniture is simple solid oak. 
The desk has not a speck upon it. The marble shell upon which 
the inkstand rests has no litter in it. Various notes lie in a row 
between clips, on the table. The paper-basket stands near the 
arm-chair, prepared for answered letters and rejected contribu- 
tions. The little dog follows his master into his study, and lies 
at his feet. 

That cottage at Putney, its garden, its mulberry tree, its grass- 
plot, its cheery library with Douglas Jerrold as the chief figure 
in the scene, remains as a bright and most pleasant Recollec- 
picture in our memory. He had an almost reverential ^v''p"^ers by 
fondness for books, books themselves, and said he Charles and 

' Mary Cow- 

could not bear to treat them, or to see them treated, den Clarke : 
with disrespect. He told us it gave him pain to see 
them turned on their faces, stretched open, or dog's-eared, or 
carelessly flung down, or in any way misused. He told us this, 
holding a volume in his hand with a caressing gesture, as though 
he tendered it aftectionately and gratefully for the pleasure it 
had given him. 



154 DOUGLAS JEKROLD. [1803-18?)7. 

West Lodge, still standing in 1885, was one of two semi- 
attached houses (the other called Elm House) on the borders 
of Lower Putney Common, between the Lower Richmond 
Road and the Eiver, and about a mile beyond Putney 
Bridge. It was a spacious irregular brick house, with red- 
tiled gabled roofs, surrounded by fine old trees, and with a 
wide stretch of common in front. It had more the appear- 
ance of a farm-house than a gentleman's villa. At "West 
Lodge Mrs. Caudle was created. 

In 1853 Jerrold was living in Circus Road, St. John's 
Wood, a street that has been renumbered within a few years. 

Early in 1857 he removed to Kilburn Priory, St. John's 
Wood, a short street running northerly from Maida Vale 
to Upton Road ; and here on the 8th of June of the same 
year he died. He was buried at Norwood, and on his 
tombstone are inscribed the lines by his son : * Sacred to 
the memory of Douglas William Jerrold, born 1803, died 
1857. An English writer whose works will keep his memory 
green better than any epitaph.' 

Jerrold's clubs were very many. Thackeray worked hard, 
and successfully, to insure his election to the Reform, No. 
104 Pall Mall ; but he was more frequently to be found in 
humbler and more entertaining organizations. 

Of the clubs he set afloat and gave names to within my own 
recollection, I particularly call to mind those which he christened, 

respectively, ' Hook and Eye ' and * Our Club ; ' the for- 
Memoriais mer holding its weekly meetings at the Albion in Rus- 
chap!^"'^'' ^^^^ ^tveet, Covent Garden, and the latter at Clmm's, 

in the Piazza, Covent Garden. . . . Many years before 
this period Jerrold was an active member of a club called ' The 
Mulberries,' which was held in the Wrekin Tavern, in the neigh- 
borhood of Covent Garden, and in which a regulation w^as estab- 
lished that ' some paper or poem or conceit bearing upon Shakspere 
should be contributed by each jnember, the general title being 
^' Mulberry I^eaves." ' 



1709-I78f ] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 155 

The Albion Tavern, No. 26 Russell Street, Covent Garden, 
was still in 1885 much frequented by theatrical people at all 
hours of the day and night. Clunn's (afterwards Eichard- 
son's) Hotel, No. 1, on the Piazza, Covent Garden, is no 
longer in existence. The site of the Wrekin Tavern was 
No. 22 Broad Court, Bow Street, on the corner of Cross 
Court. It was taken down about 1870 (see Godwin, p. 118). 

Jerrold was a member also of ' the Museum, a properly 
modest and literary club,' established in 1847, 'at the end 
of Northumberland Street,' Strand, of the Gratis and the 
Rational clubs ; and he was first president of the Whittington 
Club, which met at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Arundel 
Street, Strand (see Johnson and Rogers). On its site the 
Whittington Club house. No. 37 Arundel Street, now closed, 
was afterwards built. 



SAMUEL JOHNSON". 

1709-1784. 

npHE story of Dr. Johnson's life, as he himself and as his 
■^ friends have told it, has been so carefully and so 
minutely recorded that no attempt will be made here to teil 
it in any other way. • His earliest experiences of London 
were in his extreme youth. 

He sa^^s, in ' An Account of the Life of Dr. Samuel John- 
son, from his Birth to his Eleventh Year, Written by Him- 
self : ' — 

This year [1712] in Lent I was taken to London to be touched 
for .the Evil by Queen Anne. My mother was at Nicholson's, 
the famous bookseller of Little Britain. I always retained some 
memory of this journey, although I was but thirty nionths old, 



156 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. 

Boswell adds : — 

Mrs. Piozzi has preserved Hs very picturesque description of 

the scene as it remained upon his fancy. Being asked 

Lifeof John- ^^ ^^^ could remember Queen Anne, ' He had,' he said, 

^^l^'.J'^^^' 'a confused but somehow a sort of solemn recoUec- 

Jhl. o. 

tion of a lady in diamonds and a long black hood.' 
This touch, however, was without any effect. 

Johnson's next interview with royalty, when he met George 
III. in the library of Buckingham House in 1767, Boswell 
considers one of the most remarkable incidents of his life. 

During the whole of this interview Johnson talked to his 
Boswell's Majesty with profound respect, but still in his firm 
Johnson. manly manner, with a sonorous voice, and never in 

1767, iEt. 58. "^ ' 

that subdued tone which is commonly used at the levee 
and in the drawing-room. 

Buckingham House was taken down in 1825, by order of 
George IV.> and Buckingham Palace erected upon its site. 

Johnson was a man of eight-and-twenty when he decided 
to try his fortunes in London ; and he and Garrick arrived 
here together in March, 1737. 

He had a little money when he came to town, and he knew 
how he could live in the cheapest manner. His first lodgings 
were at the house of Mr. Norris, a stay-maker, in Exeter 
Johnson^ Street, adjoining Catherine Street, in the Strand. ' I 
\i3i, JEt.2S. (^jj-,gj^> Qr^[(\ jje^ 'very well for eightpence, with very 
good company at the Pine Apple in New Street, just l)y : sev- 
eral of them had travelled ; they expected to meet every day, but 
did not know one another's names. It used to cost the rest a 
shilling, for they drank wine ; but T had a cut of meat for six- 
pence, and bread for a penny, and gave the waiter a penny ; so 
that I was quite well served, nay, better than the rest, for they 
gave the waiter nothing.' 

New Street runs from St. Martin's Lane to the junction 
of King and ]3edford Streets, but no Pine Apple exi§t§ there 

110 VY, 



1709-1784.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 157 

About this period Johnson began his labors in the estab- 
lishment of Edward Cave, editor of the ' Gentleman's Maga- 
zine,' at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, where he was engaged 
in 1737, and where he first met Savage. 

St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, one of the oldest and most 
interesting structures in London, had, as late as 1885, by 
rare good fortune, been spared by the demons of improve- 
ment. The Jerusalem Tavern still stood at the east side, 
and in its coffee-room was shown, among other interesting 
relics, what purports to be Johnson's armchair. A bench 
without a back or a three-legged stool was probably con- 
sidered good enough for him when he worked for Cave. The 
editorial and printing rooms of the 'Gentleman's Magazine' 
were, it is said, over the street, in a room occupied in 1885 
and for some years previously by the St. John's Ambulance 
Association. Here Johnson toiled, and here, as is recorded 
on the walls in large letters, ' Garrick made his essay as an 
actor in London, 1737, in the force of the " Mock Doctor." ' 

In this same year Johnson was lodging at Greenwich ; for 
Boswell quotes a letter from him to Cave, dated 'July 12, 
1737, Greenwich, next door to the Golden Heart [no longer 
standing], Church Street.' Shortly afterwards he had lodg- 
ings in Woodstock Street, Oxford Street, and in Castle Street, 
near Cavendish Square, in houses which, if they remain, it 
is not possible to identify now. In Castle Street he wrote 
* London.' 

No detailed account of his places of residence for the next 
ten years is given by Boswell ; but in 1748 he speaks of his 
temporary home at Hampstead. 

For the gratification of. posterity let it be recorded that the 
house so dignified [by the occupancy of Johnson] was p ,, , 
the last ill Frognal, Southward, now [1818] occupied Hampstead, 
by Benjamin Charles Stephenson, Esq. 

Ho trace of thi^ house now remains. \ 



158 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. 

Johnson lived, from 1748 to 1768, at N'o. 17 Gough Square, 
Fleet Street. Here he began the publication of the ' Ram- 
bler,' in 1750 ; here his wife died, in 1752 ; and here he com- 
pleted the Dictionary, published in 1755. It was in this 
house, no doubt, that he delivered himself of the famous 
definition of * network ' {' anything reticulated or decus- 
sated, at equal distances, with interstices between the inter- 
sections '), which has ever since made the meaning and use 
of the word so clear to the average mind. This house, still 
standing in 1885, has been marked by a tablet of the Society 
of Arts. 

In Bolt Court he had a garden, and perhaps in Johnson's Court 

and Gough Square, which we mention to show how 
Hunt's tranquil and removed these places were, and convenient 

chap^UL°' ^°^ ^ student who wished, nevertheless, to have the 

bustle of London at hand ; and Maitland describes 
Johnson's and Bolt Courts in 1739 as having ' good houses, well 
inhabited ; ' and Gough Square he calls fashionable. 

Soon after this [in 1758], Mr. Burney, during a visit to the 
Capital, had an interview with him in Gough Square, where he 

dined and drank tea with him, and was introduced to 
Johnson, the acquaintance of Mrs. Williams. After dinner Mr. 
' ■ ■ Johnson proposed to Mr. Burney to go up with him 
into his garret, which, being accepted, he there found about five 
or six Greek folios, a deal writing-desk, and a chair and a half. 
Johnson gave to his guest the entire seat, and tottered himself on 
one with only three legs and one arm. 

I went one day searching for Johnson's place of abode. Found 

with difficulty the house in Gough Square, where the 
NotJeo^ok, Dictionary was composed. The landlord, whom Glen 
Frouile's ^^^ ^ incidentally inquired of, was just scraping his 
Oariyie, vol. feet at the door, invited us to walk in, showed us the 

garret room, etc. "(of which he seemed to have the 
obscurest tradition, taking Johnson for a schoolmaster). 

On the 23d of March, 1759^ Johnson wrote to Mrs. h\icy 
Porter ; — ^ 



1709-1784.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 1§9 

I havei this day moved my things, and you are BosweU's 
now to direct to me at Staple Inn fHolbornl London. ^^}i^^2,"' 
I am gomg to publish a little story-book [' Rasselas '], 
which I will send you when it is out. 

He retired to Gray's Inn, and soon removed to chambers in 
the Inner Temple Lane [No. 1], where he lived in poverty, total 
idleness, and the pride of literature. Mr. Fitzherbert Arthur 
. . . used to say that he paid a morning visit to Murphy's 
Johnson, intending from his chamber to send a letter Life and 
to the City ; but to his great surprise he found an samuei^^ 
author by profession without pen, ink, or paper. The Johnson, 
present Bishop of Salisbury was also among those who endeav- 
ored, by constant attention, to soothe the cares of a mind which 
he knew to be afflicted with gloomy apprehensions. 

Johnson's house in Inner Temple Lane has since been 
removed, giving place to the more imposing but less inter- 
esting Johnson's Buildings, which stand upon its site. 

. Dr. Johnson's library was contained in two garrets over his 
chambers [Inner Temple Lane], where Lintot, son of the cele- 
brated bookseller of that name, had formerly his ware- ^osweU's 
house. I found a number of good books, but very Johnson, 
dusty and in great confusion. The floor was strewed ' 
with manuscript leaves in Johnson's own handwriting, which I 
beheld with a degree of veneration, supposing they might 
perhaps contain portions of the ' Rambler ' or of ' Rasselas.' 
I observed an apparatus for chemical experiments, of which 
Johnson was all his life very fond. The place seemed to be 
very favorable for retirement and meditation. 

Beauclerc gives the following account of a visit he made 
to Johnson in Inner Temple Lane with Madame de Bouf- 
flers, — a French lady of doubtful morality, who aspired to 
be considered a blue-stocking. 

When Madame de Boufflers was first in England [1763], she 
was desirous to see Johnson. I accordingly went with g^g^^g^.g 
her to his chambers in the Temple, where she was Johnson, 
entertained with his conversation for some time, Wheu 



160 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. 

our visit was over, she and I left him, and were got into Inner 
Temple Lane, when all at once I heard a noise like thunder. 
This was occasioned by Johnson, who, it seems, on a little recol- 
lection had taken it into his head that he ought to have done 
the honors of his literary residence to a foreign lady of quality, 
and, eager to show himself a man of gallantry, was hurrying down 
the stairs in violent agitation. He overtook us before we reached 
the Temple Gate, and, brushing in between me and Madame de 
Boufflers, seized her hand and conducted her to the coach. 

Ozias Humphrey, E. A., an eminent painter, in a letter 
to his brother dated September 19, 1764, and quoted by 
Croker in his ' Johnsoniaua,' gives the following picture of 
Johnson's life in Inner Temple Lane : — 

The day after I wrote my last letter to you, I was introduced 
to Mr. Johnson by a friend. We passed through three very dirty 
rooms to a little one that looked like an old counting-house, 
where this great man was sat at breakfast. The furniture of this 
room was a very large deal writing-desk, an old walnut-tree 
table, and five ragged chairs of four different sets. I was very 
much struck with Mr. Johnson's appearance, and could hardly 
help thinking him a madman for some time, as he sat waving 
over his breakfast like a lunatic. He is a very large man, and 
was dressed in a dirty brown coat and waistcoat, with breeches 
that were brown also (although they had been crimson), and an 
old black wig ; his shirt collar and sleeves were unbuttoned ; his 
stockings were down about his feet, which had on them, by way 
of slippers, an old pair of shoes. He had not been up long when 
we called on him, which was near one o'clock. He seldom goes 
to bed iDefore two in the morning ; and Mr. Reynolds [Sir Joshua] 
tells me he generally drinks tea about an hour after he has supped. 
We had been some time with him before he began to talk, but 
at length he began, and, faith, to some purpose : everything he 
says is as correct as a second edition ; 'tis almost impossible to 
argue with him, he is so sententious and so knowing. 

Boswell had his first interview with Johnson in the house 
of Mr. Thomas Davies the actor, No, 8 Bussell Street, 



1709-1784.] " 6AMUEL JOHNSOJf. l6l 

Coven t Garden ; and he thus describes the momentous 
event : — 

At last, on Monday the 16th of May [1763], when T was sitting 

in Mr. Davies's back-parlor, after having drunk tea with him and 

Mrs. Davies, Johnson unexpectedly came into the shop, 

• -. BosvvclPs 

and, Mr. Davies having perceived him through the johnsou, 

glass door in the room in which we were sitting ad- ^^^^' ^^' ^*' 

vancing towards us, he announced his awful approach to me 

somewhat in the manner of an actor in the part of Horatio, 

when he addresses Hamlet on the appearance of his father's 

ghost, ' Look, my lord, it comes ! ' I found that I had a very 

perfect idea of Johnson's figure, from a portrait of him painted by 

Sir Joshua Reynolds, soon after he had published his Dictionary, 

in the attitude of sitting in his easy-chair in deep meditation. 

Tom Davies's house still stood in 1885, but the ground 
jBoor had been turned into a green-grocer's shop. 

One week later, May 24, Boswell for the first time called 
on Johnson, and ' found the Giant in his den.' 

His chambers were on the first floor of No. 1 Inner Temple 

Lane. . . . He received me very courteously ; but it must be 

confessed that his apartment and furniture and morn- _ 

. . . Boswell s 

ing dress were sufficiently uncouth. His brown suit Johnson, 

of clothes looked A'ery rusty ; he had on a little old 

shrivelled unpowdered wig, which was too small for his head ; 
his shirt neck and knees of his breeches were loose, his black 
worsted stockings ill drawn up ; and he had a pair of unbuckled 
shoes by way of slippers. But all these slovenly peculiari- 
ties were forgotten the moment he began to talk. . . . He 
told me that he generally went abroad at four in the after- 
noon, and seldom came home till two in the morning. I took 
the liberty to ask if he did not think it wrong to live thus, and 
not make more use of his great talents. He owned it was a bad 
habit. 

Concerning his personal appearance and carelessness of 
dress the following story may be told here : — 

11 



16^ SAMUEL josisrsoN. iim-iiu. 

In general his wigs were very shabby, and their foreparts were 
burned away by the near approach of the candle, which his 
T, ,„ short-sightedness rendered necessary in reading. At 

Boswell's o J . o 

Johnson, Streatham Mr. Thrale's butler had always a better wig 
Note by" * ready, and as Johnson passed from the drawing-room 
^° *^^' when dinner was announced, the servant would re- 

move the ordinary wig and replace it with the newer one ; and 
this ludicrous ceremony was performed every day. 

From 1765 to 1776 Johnson lived at No. 7 Johnson's 
Court, Fleet Street, in a house still standing in 1885, but 
miserable in its neglected old age. Here he wrote the 
Prologue to Goldsmith's ' Good Matured Man,* and pub- 
lished his ' Journey to the Hebrides,' his edition of Shak- 
spere, and a new edition of the Dictionary. Johnson's Court 
was not so called, as has been generally supposed, because 
of his residence in it. The name was a mere coincidence ; 
but it gave him the opportunity of referring to himself, 
while in Scotland with Boswell, as ' Johnson of that Ilk.' 

I returned to London in February [1766], and found Dr. John- 

-_. „, son in a good house in Johnson's Court, Fleet Street 
Boswell's ° . ' 

Johnson, (No. 7), in which he had accommodated Miss Williams 
with an apartment on the ground floor, while Mr. 
Levett occupied his post in the garret. 

To my great surprise, he asked me to dine with him on Easter 
Day [1773]. I never supposed that he had a dinner at his house, 
Boswell's for I never heard of his friends having been enter- 
1773" m' 64 ^^i^^^^ ^^ ^^^ table. He told me, 'I generally have a 
meat pie on Sunday ; it is baked at a public oven, 
which is very properly allowed, because one man can attend to 
it ; and thus the advantage is obtained of not keeping servants 
from church to dress dinner.' ... I had. gratified my curiosity 
much in dining with Jean Jacques Eousseau while he lived in 
the wilds of Neufchatel. I had as great a curiosity to dine with 
Dr. Samuel Johnson in the dusty recess of a court in Fleet 
Street. I supposed we should scarcely have knives and forks, and 
only some strange, uncouth, ill-drest dish ; but I found every- 



1709-1784.] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 168 

thing in very good order. We had no other company but Mrs. 
Williams and a young woman whpm I did not know. As a 
dinner here was considered as a singular phenomenon, and as I 
was frequently interrogated on the subject, my readers may 
perhaps be desirous to know our bill of fare. Foote, I remember, 
in allusion to Francis the negro, was willing to suppose that our 
repast was black broth. But the fact was that we had a very good 
soup, a boiled leg of lamb and spinach, a veal pie, and a rice 
pudding. 

While living in Johnson's Court he first made the ac- 
quaintance of the Thrales (in 1765). He dined with them 
every Thursday during the winter, at Streatham, and gained 
in many ways by the association. Their house, Streatham 
Place, stood in Streatham Park, on the south side of the 
Lower Common at Streatham, Surrey, six miles from West- 
minster Bridge. It was taken down in 1863, and no trace 
of it remains. 

Thrale's Brewery, afterwards Barclay and Perkins's, to 
which firm Johnson, as executor, sold the buildings and the 
business, stands in Park Street, west of the Borough High 
Street, Southwark, covering a large plot of ground (see 
Shakspere). 

We have often had occasion to sigh over the poverty of London 
in the article of genuine popular legends. One beer- 
house is among the exceptions. The workmen at Bar- London, 
clay and Perkins's will show you [1842] a little apart- ^eer? * 
ment in which, according to the tradition of the place, 
Johnson wrote his Dictionary. Now, this story has one feature 
of a genuine legend ; it sets chronology at defiance. 

In 1776 Johnson took possession of the house No. 8 Bolt 
Court, Fleet Street, where the rest of his life was spent. 

Having arrived in London late on Friday, the 15th March 
[1776], I hastened next morning to wait on Dr. John- ^osweii's 
son at his house, but found he was removed from Johnson, 
Johnson's Court to Bolt Court, No. 8, still keeping to > • ■ 



164 SAMUEL JOHNSON. f 1709-1784. 

his favorite Fleet Street. My reflection at the time upon this 
change, as marked in my journal, is as follows: 'I felt a foolish 
regret that he had left a court which bore his name; but it was 
not f(jolish to be affected with some tenderness of regard for a 
place in which I had seen him a great deal, from whence I had 
often issued a better and a happier man than when I went in, 
and which had often appeared to me in my imagination, while 
I trod its pavement in the solemn darkness of the night, to be 
sacred to wisdom and piety.' 

On AVednesday, April 3 [1776], in the morning I found him 
very busy [in Bolt Court] putting his books in order ; an<l as they, 
were generally very old ones, clouds of dust were 
Johnson, Ayii^g around him. He had on a pair of large gloves 
1776, JEt. 67. g^jg]^ j^g iie(]gei.g use. His present appearance put me 
in mind of my uncle Dr. Boswell's description of him : ' A 
robust genius, born to grapple with whole libraries.' 

On Monday, March 19th [1781], I arrived in London, and on 
Tuesday the 20th, met him in Fleet Street walking, or rather, 
g .., indeed, moving along ; for his peculiar march is thus 
Johnson, described in a Short Life of him published [by Kears- 

1781 ^t 72 >- »> 

* * * ley] very soon after his death : ' When he walked the 
streets, what with the constant roll of his head, and the con- 
comitant motion of his body, he appeared to make his way by 
that motion, independent of his feet.' That he was often much 
stared at while he advanced in this manner may easily be be- 
lieved ; but it was not safe to make sport of one so robust as he 
was. Mr. Langton saw him one day, in a fit of absence, by a 
sudden start drive the load off a porter's back, and walk forward 
briskly without being conscious of what he had done. The 
porter was very angry, but stood still, and eyed the huge figure 
with much earnestness, till he was satisfied that his wisest course 
was to be quiet and take up his burthen again. 

Dr. Johnson died at Bolt Court on the 13th of December, 
1784, and was buried on the 20th of the same month, in 
Westminster Abbey. Charles Burney the younger, in a 
letter to Dr. Parr, dated December 21, gives the following 
account of his funeral ; — 



1709-1784.3 SAMtTBL JOHNSOH. 165 

Yesterday I followed our ever-lamented friend Dr. Johnson 

to his last mansion. . . . He was followed to the Abbey by a 

large troop of friends. Ten mourning-coaches were 

ordered by the executors for those invited. Besides work"of 

these, eiffht of his friends or admirers clubbed for two 5^" ^^"^^^^ 
. . Parr. 

more carriages, in one of which I had a seat. But the 
executor, Sir John Hawkins, did not manage things well ; for 
there was no anthem or choir service performed, no lesson, but 
merely what is read over every old woman that was buried by the 
parish. Surely, surely, ray dear sir, this was wrong, very wrong. 
Dr. Taylor read the service, but so so. He lies nearly under 
Shakspere's monument, with Garrick at his right hand, just 
opposite the monument erected not long ago for Goldsmith by 
him and some of his friends. 

Dr. Johnson's house in Bolt Court was destroyed soon 
after his death, but its immediate neighbors have been little 
changed during the last hundred years. 

It was to this house that the elder D'Israeli and Samuel 
Eogers (q. v.) as young men both brought their poems, in 
search of encouragement and advice. 

Dr. Johnson for many years worshipped in the Church of 
St. Clement Danes, Strand; and on his pew, No. 18 in 
the North Gallery, is a brass plate bearing the following 
inscription : — 

In this pew, and beside this pillar, for many years attended 
Divine Service, the celebrated Dr. Samuel Johnson, the Philoso- 
pher, the Poet, the great Lexicographer, the Profound Moralist, 
and Chief Writer of his tinie. Born 1709. Died 1784. In 
remembrance and honor of noble faculties, nobly employed, some 
inhabitants of the Parish of St. Clement Danes have placed this 
slight memorial a. d. 1851. 

On the 9th of April [1773], being Good Friday, I breakfasted 
with Johnson on tea and cross-buns. He carried me to the 
Church of St. Clement Danes, where he had his seat ; Boswell's 
and his behavior was, as I had imagined to myself, i773"5!t!64. 
solemn and devout. I never shall forget the tremulous 



166 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. 

earnestness with which he pronounced the awful petition of the 
Litany: 'In the hour of death and at the day of judgment, 
good Lord, deliver us.' 

April 4, 1779, Easter Day.— I rose about half an hour after 
nine, transcribed the prayer written last night, and by neglecting 
Johnson's *^ count time sat too long at breakfast, so that I came 
l^iary, ^ to church at the first lesson. I attended the Litany 
Johnson, pretty iiwell, but in the pew could not attend the 
1779, Mt. 70. QQjjjjjj^^jiion Service, and missed the prayer for the 
Church Militant. ... I then received, I hope with earnestness ; 
and while others received, sat down ; but thinking that posture, 
though usual, improper, I rose and stood. ... I gave two shil- 
lings to the plate. 

Johnson was a man of many clubs, and emphatically him- 
self, as he describes Bos well, *a clubable man.' In his 
Dictionary he defines a 'club' as *an assembly of good 
fellows meeting under certain conditions; ' and to a gentle- 
man who expressed surprise at his frequent attendance at 
some of the humble city organizations of which he was so 
fond, he said, ' Sir, the great chair of a full and pleasant 
club is perhaps the throne of human felicity.' 

One of Johnson's earliest clubs was founded in 1748, and 
was known as the Ivy Lane, or King's Head, Club. Sir 
John Hawkins, in his ' Life of Johnson,' says : — 

The Club met weekly at the King's Head, a famous beefsteak 
house in Ivy Lane [Paternoster Bow], every Tuesday evening. 
Thither Johnson constantly resorted, and with a disposition to 
please and be pleased, would pass those hours in a free and 
unrestrained interchange of sentiment which otherwise had been 
spent at home in painful reflection. 

Hawkins has mentioned the cordiality with which (in after 

Bosweli's years) he insisted that such of the members of the 

I78?^m.74. ^^y L^^6 Club as survived should meet again and 

dine together, which they did twice at a tavern and 

once at his house. 



1709-1784] SAMUEL JOHNSON. 167 

Ivy Lane contains a few old houses, but the King's Head 
was destroyed by fire some years ago. There was in 1885, 
however, a public house of that name in Canon Alley, 
St. Paul's Churchyard, and still another and much older 
King's Head, dating back easily to Johnson's day, at No. 41 
Newgate Street, which adjoins Queen's Head Alley, and is 
not one hundred yards east of Ivy Lane. 

The most important and long-lived of Johnson's clubs 
was founded by him and Sir Joshua Eeynolds in 1764. It 
had no name but The Club for some years, and first met in 
the Turk's Head Tavern, which stood then at the corner of 
Greek and Compton Streets, Soho, but was soon after removed 
to the neighboring Gera.rd Street (see Goldsmith, p. 123). 
Among the original members, besides Eeynolds and John- 
son, were Burke and Goldsmith. Later, when it was called 
the Literary Club, George Colman (the elder). Bos well, 
Sheridan, Garrick, and other distinguished men were 
elected. 

They met at the Turk's Head in Gerard Street, 
Soho, one evening in every week at seven, and gener- jpimson, 
ally continued their conversation until a pretty late •^^^^» -^^ ^^• 
hour. 

The Club met in different taverns, usually in St. James's 
Street after Johnson's death ; and in 1864 it celebrated its 
centennial anniversary at the Clarendon Hotel, No. 169 New 
Bond Street, a few doors from Grafton Street, 

To another of his clubs Boswell thus alludes : — 

On Friday, April 6th [1781], he carried me to dine at a club 
which, at. his desire, had been lately formed at the _^ ,„ 
Queen's Arms in St. Paul's Churchyard. He told Johnson, 
Mr. Hoole that he wished to have a City Club, and ' 
asked him to collect one ; but, said he, ' Don't let them be 
patriots' The company were to-day very sensible, well-behaved 
men. 



168 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. 

There is no 'Queen's Arms' in St. Paul's Churchyard 
now, although there was an old tavern bearing that sign at 
the junction of Newgate Street and St. Martin's-le-Graud 
until within a few years (see D'Urfey, p. 97). 

A short time before his death he organized a club in the 
Essex Head Tavern, which stood at No. 40 Essex Street, 
Strand, as late as 1885, on the corner of Devereux Court, 
and a few doors from the site of the famous Grecian (see 
Addison, p. 7). It was kept by an old servant of the 
Thrales. The club was unpretentious ; and, as Johnson 
wrote to Eeynolds, 'the terms are lax, and the expenses 
light. We meet thrice a week, and he who misses forfeits 
twopence.' Sir Joshua did not join. 

Some of the rules of this club, as preserved to us, are 
worthy of perusal : — 

The Club shall consist of four-and-twenty. . . . Every member 
is at liberty to introduce a friend once a week, but not oftener. 
. . . Every member present at the Club shall spend at least six- 
pence ; and every member who stays away shall forfeit three- 
pence. . . . There shall be no general reckoning, but every man 
shall adjust his own expenses. . . . One penny shall be left by 
each member for the waiter. 

Leigh Hunt, in 'The Town,' declares that Dr. Johnson 
was probably in every tavern and coffee-house in Fleet 
Street ; but the Mitre was unquestionably his favorite, and 
is now most familiarly associated with his name. 

I had learned that his place of frequent resort was the Mitre 
Tavern in Fleet Street, where he loved to sit up late. ... I 
called on him, and we went thither at nine. We 
JohSnf had a good supper and port-wine, of which he then 
1763, JEt 54. sometimes drank a bottle. The orthodox high-church 
sound of the Mitre, the figure and manner of the celebrated 
Samuel Johnson, the extraordinary power and precision of his 
conversation, and the pride arising from finfling myself admitted 
to his companionship, produced a variety of sensations and a 



1709-1754.] gAMiJEL JOHNSOK 169 

pleasing elevation of mind. beyond what I had ever before expe- 
rienced. . . . We finished a couple of bottles of port, and sat till 
between one and two o'clock in the morning. 

At night [February, 1766] I supped with Johnson at the 
Mitre Tavern, that we might renew our social inti- ^ 

1 • • 1 1 n ' T-. 1 Boswells 

macy at the original phxce oi meeting. But there was Johnson, 
now a considerable difference in his way of living. 
Having had an ilhiess in which he was advised to leave off 
wine, he had from that period continued to abstain from it, and 
drank only water or lemonade. 

The Mitre stood at No. 39 Fleet Street. The Mitre, in 
Mitre Court, No. 44 Fleet Street, is not the Mitre of John- 
son and Goldsmith, although generally so considered, even 
by Peter Cunningham, the most careful and correct of guides 
to London. 

A favorite tavern of Dr. Johnson was the famous Devil 
Tavern of Ben Jonson's day. It stood on the site of Child's 
Bank, No. 1 Fleet Street, between the Temple Gate and 
Temple Bar, — Hunt says, ' within a door or two of Temple 
Bar,' — and was taken down, according to Hare, in 1788 
(see Ben Jonson, p. 175). Here in 1751 Dr. Johnson gave a 
supper to Mrs. Charlotte Lenox, in honor of the publication 
of her first novel, ' The Life of Harriet Stuart.' 

The place appointed vras the Devil Tavern ; and there, about 
the hour of eight, Mrs. Lenox and her husband, as also the club 
[Ivy Lane Club] to the number of near twenty, „ , . , 
assembled. The supper was elegant, and Johnson Lifeof Joim- 
had directed that a magnificent hot apple-pie should ^"°' 
make a part of it ; and this he would have stuck with bay leaves, 
because, forsooth, Mrs. Lenox was an authoress. . . . About five 
[a. m.] Johnson's face shone with meridian splendor, though his 
drink had been only lemonade. The dawn of day began to put 
us in mind of our reckoning ; but the waiters were all so over- 
come with sleep that it was two hours before a bill could be had, 
and it was not until near eight that the creaking of the street 
door gave the signal for our departure. 



170 SAMUEL JOHNSON. [1709-1784. 

Another of Johnson's taverns was the Crown and Anchor, 
No. 37 Arundel Street, Strand, which extended in the rear to 
Mitford Lane. The Whittington Club met at this tavern 
many years later (see Jerrold, p. 155) ; as did Bobus Smith's 
' King of Clubs' (see Rogers). 

He frequented also the Turk's Head, No. 142 Strand, near 
Somerset House, afterwards the house of Chapman the 
publisher, and the first London home of ' George Eliot ' (see 
Mary Ann Evans, p. 98). In 1885 it was a tourist's 
ticket-office. 

At night [July 21, 1763] Mr. Johnson and I supped in a pri- 
Bosweli's "^^t^ ^'00"^ ^* *^^ Turk's Head Coffee House, in the 
Johnson, Strand. ' I encourage this house,' said he : ' for the 

1763, .^t. 54. „..-,..■, 1 , 

mistress ol it is a good civil woman, and has not 
much husiuess.' 

In 1763 Johnson is described as reading 'Irene' to Peter 
Garrick, at the Fountaine Tavern, No. 103 Strand, but no 
longer in existence. Strype describes it as ' a very fine tavern, 
very conveniently built,' and as fronting on the Strand ' close 
to the alley leading to Fountain Court.' Simpson's was 
erected on its site. The name of Fountain Court was changed 
to Savoy Buildings in the summer of 1884. He was often to 
be found at Clifton's, in Butcher Row, behind St. Clement 
Danes, and on the site of the front of the New Law Courts ; 
at Tom's Coffee House, No. 17 Russell Street, Covent Gar- 
den, taken down in 1865 (see Gibber, p. 55) ; at Will's, corner 
of Bow and Russell Streets (see Addison, p. 7) ; at the Brit- 
ish Coffee House, Cockspur Street^" (see Smollett) ; at the 
Old Red Lion Tavern, St. John Street Road, Islington (see 
Goldsmith, p. 125) ; and at the Old Baptist Head Tavern, 
St. John's Lane, Clerkenwell (see Goldsmith, p. 126). There 
is a general impression that Johnson was se frequenter of the 
Cock, No. 201 Fleet Street^^ (see Pepys), and of the Cheshire 
Cheese, No. 16 Wine Office Court, Fleet Street (see Gold- 



1573-74-1637.] BEN JONSON. 171 

SMITH, p. 120) ; but although both of these existed before 
his day, a careful reading of his Life by Bos well has failed 
to discover any allusion to them. 



BEN JOKSOK 

1573-74-1637. 



iy yT UCH of the story of Jonson's life rests upon mere tra- 

"*■ dition. Contemporary authorities differ in many 

respects in their meagre accounts of him ; and the later 

biographers seem to agree only in doubting the statements 

made by his contemporaries. 

All that is related of Jonson in the ' History of the Wor- 
thies of England, Endeavored by Thomas Fuller, D.D.,' and 
in ' The Lives of Eminent Persons, by John Aubrey,' is 
quoted here in full. 

Fuller lived from 1608 to 1661 ; Aubrey, from 1626 to 
1700. Fuller says (' Westminster/ vol. ii. ) : — 

Benjamin Johnson [sic] was born in this City [Westminster]. 
Though I cannot, with all my industrious inquiry, find him in 
his cradle, I can fetch him from his long coats. When a little 
child he lived in Hartshorne Lane, near Charing Cross, where his 
mother married a bricklayer for her second husband. He was first 
bred in a private school in St. Martin's Church [in the Fields], 
then in Westminster School [see Churchill, p. 51]. He was 
suitably admitted into St. John's College, in Cambridge, where 
he continued but a few weeks for want of further maintenance, 
being fain to return to the trade of his father-in-law. And let 
them blush not that have, but those who have not, a lawful call- 
ing. He helped in the structure of Lincoln's Inn, where, having 
a trowel in his hand, he had a book in his pocket. 



172 BEN JONSON. [1573-74-16S7 

Hartshorne Lane has since been called Northumberland 
Street (Strand), and entirely rebuilt. 

Malone, in his SShakspere,' says that he 'found in the 
register of St. Martin's that a Mrs. Margaret Jonson was 
married in November, 1575, to Mr. Thomas Fowler,' and 
this Margaret Jonson he believes to have been the mother 
of Ben. The old Church of St. Martiu-in-the-Fields was 
taken down in 1720. 

His mother [Ben Jensen's] after his father's death, married a 

bricklayer, and 'tis generally sayd, that he wrought some time 

with his father-in-lawe, and particularly on the garden 
Aubr6V s " 

Lives of wall of Lincoln's Inne, next to Chancery lane, and 

Peisons: that ... a bencher walking thro' and hearing him 
Jonson. repeat some Greeke verses out of Homer, discoursing 
with him, and finding him to have a witt extraordinary, gave him 
some exhibition to maintaine him at Trinity College in Cam- 
bridge. . . . Then he came over into England, and acted and 
wrote, but both ill, at the Green Curtaine, a kind of nursery, or 
obscure play house, somewhere in ye suburbs (I think towards 
Shoreditch or Clerkenwell). . . . Long since, in King James's 
time, I have heard my Uncle Denver say (who knew him) that 
he lived without Temple Barre at a Combe-maker's shop about the 
Elephant and Castle. In his later time he lived in Westminster, 
in the house under wch you passe as you goe out of the Church- 
yard into the old palace, where he dyed. He lies buryed in the 
North aisle in the path of Square Stone (the rest is lozenge) op- 
posite to the scutcheon of Robertus de Ros, with this inscription 
only on him, in a pavement square, blew marble, about 14 inches 
square, 0, Rare Ben Jonson. 

The Green Curtain was the Curtain Theatre, Shoreditch. 
Its exact site it is quite impossible to determine now, although 
Halliwell Phillipps, in his ' Illustrations of the Life of Shak- 
spere' (London, 1874), places it 'on the south side of Holy- 
well Lane, in or near the place called Curtain Court, which 
was afterwards called Gloucester Row and now Gloucester 



1573-74-1637.] BIN' JONSOK. 173 

Street.' It does not appear on any of the maps of London 
of its day, and Stow simply describes it as ' standing on the 
S. W. side [of Shoreditch] towards the Fields.' 

Of the Elephant and Castle there is no trace left. It was 
ou the south side of the Strand, between Temple Bar and 
Essex Street. The gateway to Lincoln's Inn was still stand- 
ing in 1885 in Chancery Lane, nearly opposite Ctirsitor 
Street, and bore the date 1518. 

This account I received from Mr, Isaac Walton (who wrote 
Dr. Jo Donne's Life, etc.) December 2, 1680, being then eighty- 
seven years of age ; * I only knew Ben Joiison, but 
my Lord of Wintoii knew him very well, and sayes he Lives of 
was in the 6th degree, that is the upermost fforme, p™sous*: 

in Westminster scole, at which time his father dved, Jonson, foot- 

" uote. 

and his mother married a bricklayer, who made him 

(much against his will) to help in his trade. . . . My Lord of 
Winton told me he told him he was (in his long retyrement and 
sickness, when he saw him, which was often) much afflickted, 
that hee had profained the scripture in his playes, and lamented 
it with horror ; yet at that time of his long retyrement his pen- 
tions, (so much as came in) was given to a woman that governed 
him, with whom he lievd and dyed nere the able in Westmin- 
ster : and that nether he nor she took much care for next weike, 
and wood be sure not to want wine, of which he vsually tooke 
too much before he went to bed if not oftner and soner. My 
Lord tells me he knows not, but thinks he was born in West- 
minster.' 4 

If Jonson was in the sixth form at Westminster School 
when his father died, his mother could not have been the 
Margaret Jonson the record of whose marriage in 1575 
Mr. Malone saw in the register of St. Martin's, unless 
Jonson was born earlier than 1573-74, the generally accepted 
date.^^ The ' Biographia Britannica ' and other authorities 
say that he was a posthumous child. 

In 1598 Jonson killed 'Gabriel Spenser, the player' in a 
duel in Hoxton Fields, Shoreditch, now marked by Hoxton 



174 BEN JONSON. [157S-74-1637. 

Square; and he is said to have been living in 1607 in 
Blackfriars, where the scene of the 'Alchymist' is laid. 
He died in 1637. 

Jonson's grave was ' dug not far from Drayton's.* According to 

the local tradition, he asked the king (Charles I.) to grant him 

Dean Stan- ^ favor. * What is it ? ' said the king. * Give me 

ley's West- eififhteen inches of square ground.' * Where?' asked 
minster ° j. o 

Abbey, the king. ' In Westminster Abbey.' This is one 

c ap. IV, explanation given of the story that he was buried 
standing upright. Another that it was with a view to his readi- 
ness for the Resurrection. . . . This [original] stone was taken 
up when in 1821 the nave was repaved, and was brought back 
from the stoneyard of the clerk of the works, in the time of 
Dean Buckland, by whose order it was fitted into its present 
place in the north wall of the nave. Meanwhile the original 
spot had been marked by a small triangular lozenge, with a copy 
of the old inscription. When, in 1849, Sir Robert Wilson was 
buried close by, the loose sand of Jonson's grave (to use the ex- 
pression of the clerk of the works, who superintended the 
operation) ' rippled in like a quicksand,' and the clerk ^ saw the 
two leg-bones of Jonson fixed bolt upright in the sand, as though 
the body had been buried in the upright position ; and the skull 
came rolling down among the sand, from a position above the 
leg-bones to the bottom of the newly made grave. There was 
still hair upon it, and it was of red color.' It was seen once 
more on the digging of John Hunter's grave, and it had still 
traces of red hair upon it. 

The name is spelled ' Johnson ' on the tombstone. 

Jonson was also associated with the Globe Theatre, ' near 
the Bear Gardens,' Southwark, on the grounds afterwards 
occupied by the Brewery of Barclay and Perkins (see Shak- 
spere) ; and with its neighbor the Rose Theatre, the site 
of which was at the north end of the short alley called Rose 
Street in 1885. It ran from Park Street towards the Bank- 
side, and lay between the Bear Gardens and the Southwark 
Bridge Crossing. 



1573-74-1637.] BEN JONSON. 175 

The most famous of Jonson's public resorts was the 
Devil Tavern, which stood at N^o. 1 Fleet Street, between 
the Temj)le Gate and Temple Bar. The banking-house 
of the Childs was built upon its site in 1788. Here he 
gathered together his * boys,' and, as he himself says, ' drank 
bad wine at the Devil.' 

The first speech in my ' Catiline ' spoken to Scylla's Bengem- 

, 1 i> • T 1 mens Jon- 

Ghost was writ after I parted with my iriends at the son, mms. 
Devil Tavern. I had drunk well that night, and had cuSh"^' 
brave notions. CoUection. 

The great room [in the Devil Tavern] was called 'The 
Apollo ! ' Thither came all who desired to be ' sealed of the 
tribe of Ben ; ' here Jonson lorded it with greater 
authority than Dry den did afterwards at Will's, or imm's Hand- 
Addison at Button's. The rules of the club, drawn London: 
up in the pure and elegant Latin of Jonson and ^^vii 
placed over the chimney, were, it is said, engraven 
in marble. In the ' Tatler ' [No. 79] they are described as being 
in gold letters ; and this account agrees with the rules them- 
selves — in gold letters, upon board — still preserved in the 
banking-house of Messrs. Child, where I had the pleasure of 
seeing them in 1843. 

A bust of Apollo and a board containing the ' Welcome 
to the Oracle of Apollo,' taken from the Devil at the time 
of its destruction in 1788, are still to be seen in an 
upper hall of Child's Bank; but the 'Rules,' as described 
by Mr. Cunningham, are not to be found there. 

Another tavern of Jonson's was the Mermaid in Cheap- 
side, which was destroyed in the Fire of 1666. 

Jonson is described as wearing a loose coachman's coat, fre- 
quenting the Mermaid Tavern, where he drank seas of scott's 
Canary, then reeling home to bed, and after a profuse qyIv^vI 
perspiration, arising to his dramatic studies. 

Shakspere, according to tradition, was a frequenter of the 
Mermaid, and a companion there of Jonson. 



176 SM JONSON. [1573-74-1637. 

Many were the wit combats betwixt Shakspere and Ben Jon- 
son, which two I beheld like a Spanish galleon and an English 
man-of-war ; Master Jonson, like the former, was 
Worthies of built far higher in learning ; solid bnt slow in his 
°^^^ * performances. Shakspere with the English man-of- 
war, lesser in bulk, but lighter in sailing, could turn with all tides, 
tack about, and take advantage of all winds, by the quickness 
of his wit and invention. 

As Fuller was but eight years old when Shakspere died, 
his accounts of what he saw and heard of Shakspere in the 
Mermaid are hardly to be relied upon. 

The Mermaid in Bread Street, the Mermaid in Friday Street, 
and the Mermaid in Cheap, were all one and the same. The 
Burns's tavern situated behind had a way to it from these 
Catalogue thoroughfares, but it was nearer to Bread Street than 

of the 

Beaufoy Friday Street. . , . The site of the Mermaid is clearly 
defined from the circumstance of R. W., a haber- 
dasher of small wares 'twixt Wood Street and Milk Street, 
adopting the same sign, 'Over against the Mermaid Tavern 
in Cheapside.' 

Among the other public houses frequented by Jonson 
were the Half Moon in Aldersgate Street, marked by Half 
Moon Alley (see Congreve, p. 64) ; 'The Falcon near the 
Theatre, Bankside,' marked by Falcon Dock and Falcon 
Wharf, Nos. 79 and 80 Bankside (see Shakspere) ; and the 
Three Cranes in the Vintry, described by Strype as being in 
New Queen Street, and marked now by Three Cranes Lane, 
Upper Thames Street, which runs parallel with Queen Street 
to the east of South wark Bridge (see Pepys). ' The Swan 
at Charing Cross,' of which Jonson speaks pleasantly, was 
probably the tavern called in ' The New View of London,* 
published in 1708, the 'Swan Inn on the N. W. side of 
the Strand, near St. Martin's Lane End.' It has long since 
disappeared. 



1795-1821.] JOHN KEATS. 1T7 

A favorite suburban resort of Jonson was the Three 
Pigeons in the Market Place opposite the Town Hall, then 
the Market House, of Brentford. It was taken down some 
years ago, and a modern gin-palace built upon its site. 



JOHN KEATS. 

1795-1821. 



KEATS was born in London on the 29th of October, 
1795. 

His maternal grandfather, Jennings, was proprietor of a large 
livery-stable called ' The Swan and Hoop ' on the Recoliec- 
Pavement in Moorfields, opposite the entrance into tions of 

Writers by 

Finsbury Circus. . . . Keats's father was the principal Charles and 
servant in 'The Swan and Hoop,' a man so remark- deif Clarke: 
ably fine in common sense and native respectability K^eats. 
that I perfectly remember the warm terms in which his demeanor 
used to be canvassed by my parents after he had been to visit his 
boys. 

Keats is believed to have been born in the immediate 
neighborhood of these stables, the exact position of which 
cannot now positively be determined, although old maps and 
directories have been consulted, and the memories of old in- 
habitants of that portion of London have been severely taxed. 
Cunningham, in his ' Hand-Book,' places the ' Swan and 
Hoop Stables at No. 28, on the Pavement in Moorfields over 
against the riding-school, now [1850] a public house with 
that name.' But since Mr. Cunningham wrote, the Pave- 
ment has been extended and renumbered, and the sign 
* Swan and Hoop ' is no longer to be seen. * No. 28 on 
the Pavement' in 1850 was a few doors from London 

12 



178 JOHN KEATS. [1795-1821. 

Wall. The riding-school on the corner of the Pavement 
and West Street, which leads to Finsbiiry Circus, standing 
in 1885, may perhaps be that to which Mr. Cunningham 
refers. 

Keats was educated at Enfield, in the school of John 
Clarke, father of Charles Cowden Clarke, who describes it 
as still standing in 1878. It had already been converted 
into a railway-station ; but the managers of the company 
had protected the buildings, and left almost intact, one of 
the few remaining specimens of graceful English architec- 
ture of other diijs. In 1885, however, nothing remained of 
the old school but a drawing of it, preserved in the British 
Museum. Its bricks had been used in the construction 
of neighboring houses. The great Eastern Eailway station 
stood upon its site. 

Keats's mother died in 1810, while he was at this school ; 
and the touching story of his grief there, of his hiding him- 
self under his master's desk and refusing to be comforted, has 
been related by his biographers. He left Enfield soon after 
his first great sorrow, and studied for some time with a 
surgeon in Edmonton, living in Church Street in a house 
it is not possible to identify now. It was near the * Bay 
Cottage ' in which Charles Lamb thirty years later lived and 
died. 

Charles Cowden Clarke follows Keats from one London 
home to another more completely than do any of his regular 
biographers. 

Keats came to town in 1815, to enter as a student at 
St. Thomas's Hospital, then in Southwark (see Akenside, 
p. 10) ; and he thus wrote to Clarke of his earliest London 
lodgings : — 

Although the Borough is a beastly place in dirt, turnings and 
windings,, yet No. 8 Dean Street is not difficult to find ; and if you 
would run the gauntlet fiver London Bridge, take the first turning 



1795-1821.1 JOHN KEATS. 179 

to the right, and moreover knock at my door, which is nearly 
opposite a meeting, you would do me a charity, which, as St. 
Paul says, is the father of virtues. 

It is difficult enough to find No. 8 Dean Street now. 
The railway viaduct has swept it completely away, and left 
only a house or two in Dean Street, which runs from No. 199 
Tooley Street, near Hay's Lane, under the railway archway, 
towards Thomas Street. 

In 1816 Mr. Clarke writes : — 

Keats had left the neighborhood of the Borough, and was now 
living with his brother in apartments over the second floor of a 
house in the Poultry, over the passage leading to the Queen's 
Head Tavern, and opposite to one of the City Companies' Halls, 
— the Iron mongers', I believe. 



'^o^ 



The passage leading to the Queen's Arms Tavern, and 
called Bird in Hand Court, is under the archway num- 
bered, in 1885, 76 Cheapside, near the Poultry. It is al- 
most directly opposite Ironmonger Lane, where stands the 
Mercers' Hall, to which Mr. Clarke, confounding the name 
of the hall with the name of the street, probably alludes.^^ 

In this lodging Keats wrote the greater part of his first 
volume of 'Poems,' published in 1817. He was shortly 
after the guest, for a time, of Leigh Hunt (q. v.), in Kentish 
Town ; and letters of his to Fanny Brawne written in 1819 
were dated from Great Smith Street, and 25 College Street, 
now Great College Street, Westminster. No. 25 was near the 
corner of the present Tufton Street. He also visited Hunt 
in the Vale of Health (see Hunt, p. 148), and took lodgings 
at Well Walk, Hampstead, * in the first or second house on 
the right hand going up the Heath.' Here the greater part 
of * Endymion ' was written. 

Winding south from the Lower Heath [Hampstead] there is a 
charming little grove in Well Walk, with a bench at the end 



180 JOmj KEATS. tl795-1821. 

whereon I last saw poor Keats, the poet of ' The Pot of Basil/ 
William sitting and sobbing his dying breath into a handker- 
Howitt's chief, glancing parting looks towards the quiet land- 
Heights scape he had delighted in so much, and musing as 
Haiupstead. in his < Ode to the Nightingale.' 

His memory here is perpetuated by ' Keats Corner* and 
* Keats Villa,' — two modern houses in Well Eoad, near its 
crossing with Well Walk. 

Leigh It was on the same day, sitting on the bench in Well 

Lord Byrgn Walk (the one against the wall), that he [Keats] told 

cT'^t^n^- ^^' ^^^^ unaccustomed tears in his eyes, that his 

poraries. heart was breaking. 

Keats's Bench, so marked by a printed sign, stood at the 
end of Well Walk next the Heath in 1885 ; but the view of 
the quiet landscape has been spoiled bj a villa opposite, 
built after Keats's death. 

The various accounts of the search for Keats's last Hamp- 
stead home are so interesting that they are given here at 
length : — 

Keats indeed took so great a liking to Hampstead, from his 
stay at Hunt's, that he became a resident here from 1817 till he 

left England in 1820. Here he wrote his ' Ode to a 
hSbooIc Nightingale,' ' St. AgneS",' ' Isabella,' ' Hyperion,' and 
?f*!^^ f be^an the * Endyniion,' which he finished at Burford 
London: Bridge. The house in which he lodged for the greater 

part of the time, then called Wentvvorth Place, is now 
[1876] named Lawn Bank, and is the end house but one on the 
west side of John Street, next Wentworth House. His walks were 
in his later months limited to the Lower, or the Middle, Heath 
Road, the seat at the top of Well Walk being his goal or resting- 
place. 

From this time [1816] till 1820, when he left, in the last stage 
of consumption, for Italy, Keats resided principally at Hamp- 
stead. During most of this time he lived with his very dear 
friend Mr. Charles Brown, a Russian merchant, in Wentworth 



17&5-1821.] JOHN KEATS. 181 

Place, Downshire Hill, by Pond Street, Hampstead. Previous to 
this he and his brother Thomas had occupied apartments at the 
next house to Mr. Brown's. ... By the aid of the William 
statements of Leigh Hunt and Lord Houghton, we ^°'^i.^^'^ 

° . Northern 

may trace most of the scenes in which the very finest Heights of 
poetry of Keats was written, for the noblest of his TheVaieof 
productions were all written at Hampstead. ... It ^^^^^*^- 
is to be regretted that Wentworth Place, where Keats lodged, and 
wrote some of his finest poetry, either no longer exists or no 
longer bears that name. At the bottom of John Street, on the 
left hand in descending the hill, is a villa called Wentworth 
House. ... I made the most vigorous search in that quarter, 
inquiring of the tradesmen daily supplying the houses there, and 
of two residents of forty and fifty years. None of them had any 
knowledge or recollection of Wentworth Place. 

H. Buxton Forman, in the Appendix to ' The Letters of 
John Keats to Fanny Brawne,' published in 1878, describes 
his thorough search for Wentworth Place, and this Hamp- 
stead home of Keats, and thus sums up the results : — 

The gardener of Wentworth House, of whom, among many 
others, I have inquired for Wentworth Place, assures me very 
positively that some fifteen or twenty years ago, when Lawn Bank 
(then called Lawn Cottage) was in bad repair, and the rain had 
washed nearly all the color off the front, he used to read the 
words 'Wentworth Place ' painted in large letters beside the top 
window at the extreme left of the old part of the house, as one 
faces it. . . . Not perfectly satisfied with this local evidence, I 
forwarded to Mr. Severn a sketch-plan of the immediate neigh- 
borhood, that he might identify the houses in which he visited 
Keats • and Brown, and the Brawne family. He says that Went- 
worth House and Lawn Bank (and these two blocks only) con- 
stituted Wentworth Place, and that it was in Lawn Bank that 
Brown and Mrs. Brawne had their respective residences. ... It 
will doubtless be admitted as proved that in Wentworth House 
and Lawn Bank we have the immortalized Wentworth Place of 
the period to which the present volume relates ; and Mr. Howitt 
and Mr. Thorne both deserve our thanks for carrying the inquiry 



182 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. 

so nearly to a satisfactory conclusion as to land tlie investigator, 
one in one of the right houses and one in the other. It is true that 
Mr. Howitt transfers his house from one side of John Street to the 
other, and it must be noted that Mr. Thorne errs in two points. 
Lawn Bank alone was certainly not Went worth Place ; and Keats 
cannot be said to have lodged there, for he was certainly Brown's 
guest. 

Lawn Bank in 1885 was an irregular two-story house on 
the south side of John Street, Downshire Hill, nearly oppo- 
site St. John's Chapel, and next to Wentworth House. On 
the other side is a villa called ' Keats Cottage,' It seems in 
Keats's time to have been a semi-detached house, the 
Brawnes occupying the western, and Charles Brown, with 
whom Keats lived, the eastern and smaller half. It is 
hardly visible from the road, because of thick foliage and a 
high board fence. From this house Keats set out, in 1820, 
for Italy, never to return. 



CHAELES LAMB. 

1775-1834. 

'T^HEIIE is, in Lamb's familiar letters and in many of 
his essays, so much that is autobiographical, and his 
friends have so often and so fondly described him and his 
sister in their home life, that no attempt will be made here 
to tell Lamb's story except as he has told it himself, or as it 
has been told by those who knew and loved him well. 

He first saw the light in Crown Office Eow, in the Temple, 
in 1775. 

I was born and passed the first seven 5'-ears of my life in the 
Temple. Its church, its halls, its gardens, its fountain, its river, 



ers of the 

Inner 

Temple. 



1775-1834.] CHAJILES LAMB. 183 

I had almost said — for in those young years what was this king 
of rivers to me but a stream that watered our pleasant places ? — 
these are of my oldest recollections. . . . What a tran- 
sition for a countryman visiting London for the first Ella? The 
time, the passing from the crowded Strand or Fleet frs^fth? 
Street, by unexpected "avenues, into its magnificent ^l^}^^. 
ample squares, its classic green recesses ! What a 
cheerful liberal look hath that part of it which, from three sides, 
overlooks the greater garden ; that goodly pile of building strong, 
albeit of Paper height, confronting with mossy contrast the 
lighter, older, more fantastically shrouded one, named of Har- 
court, with the cheerful Crown Office Row (place of my kindly 
engendure), right opposite the stately stream, which washes the 
garden-foot with her yet scarcely trade-polluted waters, and seems 
but just weaned from her Twickenham Naiades ! A man would 
give something to have been born in such places. 

The eastern half of the block, comprising Nos. 1, 2, and 
3 Crown Office Row, still stood in 1885 as when built in 
1737. The western end, Nos. 4, 5, and 6, becoming unin- 
habitable, was torn down and rebuilt in 1859-1861. 

According to Fitzgerald's Memoir, Lamb went to a school 
overlookng ' a discolored, dingy garden in the passage lead- 
ing into Fetter Lane from Bartlett's Buildings. This was 
close to Holborn.' It was afterward called Bartlett's Pas- 
sage, but no trace of the school remains. 

In 1782 'Charles Lamb son of John Lamb, Scrivener, and 

of Elizabeth, his wife,^ entered the school of Christ-Hospital 

(see Coleridge, p. 57, and Hunt, p. 144), where he remained 

* until he was fifteen. Talfourd, in his * Life of Lamb ' 

(chap, i.), says : — 

Lamb was an amiable, gentle boy, very sensible and keenly 
observing, indulged by his schoolfellows and by his masters on 
account of his infirmity of speech. His countenance was mild, 
his complexion clear brown, with an expression which might lead 
you to think he was of Jewish descent. His eyes were not of the 



184 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. 

same color, — one was hazel, the other had specks of gray in the 
iris, mingled as one sees red spots in the bloodstone. His step 
was plantigrade, which made his walk slow and peculiar, adding 
to the staid appearance of his figure. 

I remember L at school, and can well recollect that he had 

some peculiar advantages, which I and others of his schoolfellows 
Essays of ^^^ ^'^^' -^^^ friends lived in town, and were near at 
Eiia : hand, and he had the privilege of going to see them 

Hospital almost as often as he wished. . . . L 's governor (so 

twenty " we called the patron who presented him to the founda- 
Years ago. tion) lived in a manner under his paternal roof. Any 
complaint he had to make was sure of being attended to. This was 
understood at Christ's, and was an effectual screen to him against 
the severity of masters, or, worse, the tyranny of the monitors. 

Leigh Hunt, in his * Autobiography ' (vol. i. chap, iv.), 
gives his recollections of Lamb when he came back to visit 
the old familiar school scenes, as he was so fond of doing : — 

I have spoken of the distinguished individuals bred at Christ- 
Hospital, including Coleridge and Lamb, who left the school not 
long before I entered it. Coleridge I never saw until he was old. 
Lamb I recollect coming to see the boys, with a pensive, brown, 
handsome, and kingly face, and a gait advancing with a motion 
from side to side, between involuntary consciousness and at- 
tempted ease. His brown complexion may have been owing to a 
visit in the country, his air of uneasiness to a great burden of 
sorrow. He dressed with a Quaker-like plainness. 

For a short time after quitting school (in November, 1789) 
Lamb was employed in the South Sea House with his 
brother John, who is described in ' My Relations ' as James 
Elia, and who was some twelve years his senior. 

Reader, in thy passage from the Bank, where thou hast been 
Essa s of ^^^^^vi^g *V half-yearly dividends (supposing thou 
Elia : The art a lean annuitant like myself), to the Flower Pot, to 
Hou\\^^* secure a place for Dalston or Shacklewell, or some 
other thy suburban retreat northerly, didst thou never 
observe a melancholy-looking handsome brick and stone edifice to 



1775-1834.] CHAELES LAMB. 185 

the left, where Threadneedle Street abuts upon Bishopsgate ? I 
dare say thou hast often admired its magnificent portals, ever 
gaping wide, and disclosing to view a grave court with cloisters 
and pillars, with few or no traces of goers-in or comers-out. . . . 
Such is the South Sea House ; at least, such it was forty years ago, 
when I knew it, — a magnificent relic. . . . Peace to the Manes 
of the Bubble. Silence and destitution are upon thy walls, proud 
house, for a memorial. Situated as thou art, in the very heart of 
striving and living commerce, amid the fret and fever of specula- 
tion, with the Bank, and the 'Change, and the India House about 
thee, in the heyday of present prosperity, with their important 
faces, as it were, insulting thee, their pooi- neighbor out of business, 
to the idle and merely contemplative — to such as me ; old 
house ! there is a charm in thy quiet — a cessation — a coolness 
from business, an indolence almost cloistral, which is delightful. 

The South Sea House was partly destroyed by fire in 
1826. A modern South Sea House stands upon its site. It 
fronts on Threadneedle Street. 

Lamb entered the service of the East India Company, as 
an accountant, on the 5th of April, 1792. The situation of 
the East India House is thus described in Brayley's ' Lon- 
don and Middlesex,' vol. iii. : 'From Nos. 12 to 21 Leaden- 
hall Street, the East India House at the corner of No. 7 
Leadenhall Market.' This building was taken down in 1862. 

Lamb left the India House in 1825. On the 6th of April * 
he wrote to Wordsworth : — 

* Here I am then, after thirty-three years of slavery sitting in 
my own room at eleven o'clock this finest of April mornings, a 
freed man.' And to Barton he wrote later, ' Take in 
briefly, that for a few days I was painfully oppressed by Lffe*of^ 
so mighty a change, but it is becoming daily more nat- J'S^'xv 
ural to me. ... I would not serve another seven years 
for seven hundred thousand pounds. I have got £441 net for 
life, sanctioned by act of Parliament, with a provision for Mary if 
she survives me.' 



186 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. 

It is now six-and-thirty j'-ears since I took my seat at the desk. 

Melancholy was the transition at fourteen from the abundant 

play-time, and the frequent intervening vacations of 

Essays of -^ / ' } . ^ 

Eiia : The school clays, to the eight, nme, and sometimes ten 
annuated hours a day at a counting-house. But time partially 
Man. reconciles us to anything. I gradually became con- 

tent, — doggedly contented, as wild animals in cages. To dissi- 
pate this awkward feeling, I have been fain to go among them 
once or twice since ; to visit my old desk-fellows, my co-brethren 
of the quill, that I had left below me in the state militant. Not 
all the kindness with which they received me could quite restore 
to me that pleasant familiarity which I had heretofore enjoyed 
among them. We cracked some of our old jokes, but methought 
they went off but faintly. My old desk, the peg where I hung 
my hat, were appropriated to another. I knew it must be, but 

I could not take it kindly. D 1 take me, if I did not feel 

some remorse — beast, if I had not — at quitting my old compeers, 
the faithful partners of my toil for six-and-thirty years, that 
smoothed for me, with their jokes and conundrums, the rugged- 
ness of my professional road. 

Id 1795 and later. Lamb was lodging with his family at 
No. 7 Little Queen Street, Holborn ; and here was enacted 
that awful tragedy, on the 22d of September, 1796, which 
clouded and saddened the life of Charles as well as Mary 
Lamb. On the 27th of September Lamb wrote to Cole- 
ridge : — 

White, or some of my friends, or the public papers, by this 
time may have informed you of the terrible calamities that have 
fallen on our family. I will only give you the outlines : My 
poor, dear, dearest sister, in a fit of insanity, has been the death 
of our own mother. I was at hand only time enough to snatch 
the knife out of her grasp. She is at present in a madhouse, 
from whence I fear 'she must be moved to a hospital. God has 
preserved me to my senses, — I eat and drink and sleep, and have 
my judgment, I believe, very sound. My poor father was slightly 
wounded, and I am left to take care of him and my aunt. 



1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 187 

On the 3d of October of the same year he wrote again to 
Coleridge : — 

It will be a comfort to yon, I know, to know that our pros- 
pects are somewhat brighter. My poor, dear, dearest sister, the 
unhappy and unconscious instrument of the Almighty's judgment 
on our house, is restored to her senses ; to a dreadful sense 
and recollection of what has past. ... On that first evening my 
aunt was lying insensible, to all appearance like one dymo- — 
my father with his poor forehead plastered over, from a wound 
he had received from a daughter dearly loved by him, and who 
loved him no less dearly — my mother, a dead and murdered 
corpse in the next room — yet was I wonderfully supported. 

Holy Trinity Church, in Little Queen Street, facing Gate 
Street, was built upon the site of Lamb's house ; and behind 
it, in the playground of the church school, was, in 1885, a 
tree standing in what had undoubtedly been Lamb's back 
garden. 

Lamb, while living in Little Queen Street, frequented the 
Feathers, a public house in Hand Court, Holborn, the old 
sign of which was still, in 1885, over the archway that leads 
into the Court (No. 58 Holborn) ; and the tavern itself, one 
of the most curious of the old-fashioned inns to be found in 
that part of London, was as Lamb left it. The windows 
probably had not been washed since Lamb's time. 

Another old inn with which he was familiar in those days 
was the Salutation and Cat, No. 1 7 Newgate Street, near 
Ivy Lane. Here Southey and Coleridge were often to be 
found with him (see Coleridge, p. 60). In later years he 
wrote to Coleridge : — 

I imagine to myself the little smoky room at the Salutation 
and Cat, where we have sat together through the winter nights 
beguiling the cares of life with Poesy. 

After the tragedy the Lambs went to Pentonville, living 
at No. 45 Chapel Street, 



188 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. 

Also, in sifting the letters for facts and dates, I find that Lamb 
lived in Chapel Street, Pentonville, not as Talfourd and Procter 
thought a few months, but three years, removing 
Gilchrist's thither almost immediately after the mother's death. 
Preface.^"^ ' It is a trifle, yet not without interest to the lovers of 
Lamb ; for these were the years in which he met in his 
daily walks, and loved but never accosted, the beautiful Quakeress 
' Hester,' whose memory is enshrined in the poem beginning, 
'When maidens such as Hester die.' 

'No. 45 Chapel Street in 1885 was the Agricultural Hotel, 
on the northwest corner of Liverpool Road, and almost the 
only house in the miserable, dull, uninteresting street, that 
seems to have been rebuilt during the present century. At 
the time the Lambs lived there. Chapel Street was out of 
town, and surrounded by gardens and green fields. 

Lamb was back in his beloved Temple in 1800. 

I live at No. 16 Mitre Court Buildings, a pistol-shot off Baron 

Maseres. . . . He lives on the ground floor for convenience of the 

gout ; I prefer the attic story for the air ! He keeps 

Ufe'ot ^ three footmen and two maids ; I have neither maid nor 

Lamb, _ lauudress. . . . N. B. When you come to see me, 

chap. VI. "^ ' 

mount up to the top of the stairs — I hope you are not 

asthmatical — and come in flannel, for it is pure airy up there. 
And bring your glass, and I will show you the Surrey Hills. My 
bed faces the river, so as by perking upon my haunches, and sup- 
porting my carcass with my elbows, without much wrying my 
neck, I can §ee the white sails glide by the bottom of King's 
Bench Walk, as I lie in my bed. 

The present Mitre Court Buildings bear date 1830. 
In 1809 Lamb writes to Manning : — 

While I think of it, let me tell you we are moved. Don't 

come any more to Mitre Court Buildings. We are at 

ilie^oi ^ 34 Southampton Buildings [in a house still standing 

cliT^ix ^^ 1885], Chancery Lane [see Hazlitt, p. 133], and 

shall be here untU. about the end of May, when we 



1775-1834.] CHARLES LAMB. 189 

remove to No. 4 Inner Temple Lane, where I mean to live and die. 
, . . Our place of final destination — I don't mean the grave, but 
No. 4 Inner Temple Lane — looks out upon a gloomy churchyard- 
like court, called Hare Court, with three trees and a pump in it. 
Do you know it ? I was born near it, and used to drink at that 
pump when I was a Eechabite of six years old. 

In 1810, still writing to Manning, he describes these 
chambers : — 

I have two sitting-rooms : I call them so jpar excellence, for you 
may stand, or loll, or lean, or try any posture in them, but they 
are best for sitting ; not squatting down Japanese fashion, but 
the more decorous mode which European usage has consecrated. 
I have two of these rooms on the third iioor, and five sleeping, 
cooking, etc. rooms on the fourth floor. In my best room is a 
choice collection of the works of Hogarth, an English painter of 
some humor. In my next best are shelves containing a small but 
well-chosen library. My best room commands a court, in which 
there are trees and a pump, the water of which is excellent cold 
with brandy, and not very insipid without. 

The house has been replaced by the modern Johnson's 
Buildings, but the trees and the court and the pump are 
still there. 

The Lambs left the Temple in the autumn of 1817, and 
took lodgings, as he describes them in a letter to Haydon, 
dated in December of that year, ' at No. 20 Russell Court, 
Covent Garden East ; half-way up, next the corner, left-hand 
side," and, as he writes to another friend, * inrthe corner 
house delightfully situated between the two theatres.' 

Russell Court, running from Drury Lane to Brydges Street, 
does not answer this description ; while No. 20 Russell 
Street, next to the corner of Bow Street, is * on the left-hand 
side,' and 'between the two theatres.' This was classic 
ground, the site of Will's Coffee House (see Addison, p. 7) ; 
and it seems strange that Lamb should not have known this 
fact, or, if he did, should not have mentioned it in any of 



190 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. 

his letters. In I^ovember of 1817 Lamb wrote to Miss 
Wordsworth : — 

Here we are, transplanted from our native soil. I thought we 
never could have been torn up from the Temple. Indeed, it was 
an ugly wrench, but like a tooth, now 't is out, and I 
lSb^o?^ '^ ^^^ ^^^y ' ^^ never can strike root so deep in any 
L>^m\i, other ground. . . . We are in the individual spot we 

like best, in all this great city. The theatres with all 
their noises ; Covent Garden, dearer to me than any gardens of Alci- 
notis, where we are morally sure of the earliest peas and 'spar- 
agus ; Bow Street, where the thieves are examined, within a few 
yards of us : Mary had not been here four-and-twenty hours 
before she saw a thief She sits at the window working, and, 
casually throwing out her eyes, she sees a concourse of people 
coming this way, with a constable to conduct the solemnity. 
These little incidents agreeably diversify a female life. 

Lamb, for the first time, lived in an entire house of his 
own in 1823, of which he wrote to Bernard Barton on the 
2d of September : — 

When you come Londonward you will find me no longer in 
Covent Garden ; I have a cottage in Colebrook [properly Coin- 
brook] Row, Islington ; a cottage, for it is detached ; a 
Life of white house with six good rooms ; the New River 

chap xiii. (rather elderly by this time) runs (if a moderate 
walking-pace can be so termed) close to the foot of the 
house ; and behind is a spacious garden with vines (I assure you), 
pears, stravwberries, parsnips, leek, carrots, cabbages, to delight the 
heart of old Alcinoiis. You enter, without passage, into a cheerful 
dining-room, all studded over and rough, with old books ; and 
above is a lightsome drawing-room, three windows full of choice 
prints. I feel like a great lord, never having had a house 
before. 

* I am in Colebrook Cottage, Colebrook Row, Islington,' ho 
wrote to Southey, ' close to the New^ River end of Colebrook 
Terrace, left hand from Sadlers Wells.' 



1775-1831] CHARLES LAMB. 191 

This little three-storied house, numbered 19, was still 
standing in 1885. The sitting-room window had been 
altered, but nothing else. It is named Elia Cottage, and 
in its gardens a factory has been built. The New River 
still glides slowly by its door, but no longer is in sight, and 
no half-blind George Dyer could walk into it to-day. En- 
closed within brick walls, and covered by a strip of green 
grass, it appears at intervals on its way to town, but not in 
this portion of Colebrook Row. 

During the later years of Lamb's life, when he had occa- 
sion to spend a night in town, he lodged with Mrs. BufFam, 
at 1^0. 24 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in a very 
curious stuccoed house, with a sloping tiled roof, unlike any 
other house in that vicinity. It stood unchanged in 1885. 
Hazlitt was his neighbor here. 

In 1829 the Lambs removed to Enfield, to 'an odd-looking 
gambogish-colored house at the Chase side.' 

The situation was far from picturesque; for the opposite side 
of the road only presented some middling tenements, Taifourd's 
two dissenting chapels, and a public house decorated Y^^h^ 
with a swinging sign of a Rising Sun. chap.xvii. 

In 1885 the odd-looking gambogish house on the Chase 
side had been completely transformed and enlarged. It 
stood on the east side of the road, and was ' The Manse ' 
(so marked on its gate-posts) of Christ's Church opposite, 
which was built upon the site of one of the two dissenting 
chapels. The middling tenements were called Gloucester 
Place, and bore date 1823. They still faced the strip of 
green that separated them from the Lambs' cottage. Sar- 
geant Talfourd has confounded the Rising Sun public 
house, which is some distance Londonwards, with the Crown 
and Horse-Shoes in Lamb's more immediate neighborhood. 
Both houses have swinging signs; and in both, probably, 



192 CHARLES LAMB. [1775-1834. 

Lamb passed many a pleasant hour. After leaving here, 
the Lambs lodged for a time at an ivy-covered house 
adjoining the Manse on the north. While Lamb is not 
personally remembered at Enfield, old inhabitants, in 1885, 
who knew his landlady, a Mrs. Westwood, still repeated the 
stories she told of her odd lodgers ; and from some of them 
was derived the information which led to this identification 
of the houses. 

In 1832 the Lambs took possession of a little cottage at 
Edmonton, where, on the 27th of December, 1834, Charles 
died. This house — Bay Cottage, but since called Lamb's 
Cottage — still stood, in 1885, next door to Lion House, on 
the north side of Church Street, Edmonton, about half-way 
between the church and the railway station, — a small and 
unpretending dwelling, lying back from the street, and but a 
few doors from the Jolly Farmer, an old tavern with which 
Charles was no doubt familiar. The Bell Tavern, at the 
other end of the hamlet, in Fore Street, corner of Gilpin 
Grove, no longer exists. On its site is a modern brick, 
building called Gilpin's Bell, because of its association with 
John Gilpin's famous ride. To this corner Lamb, according 
to tradition, was wont to escort his friends on their way 
back to London. While the original Bell has disappeared, 
the old Horse and Groom and the Golden Fleece, almost 
adjoining it, still remain in all their ancient picturesque state ; 
and it is hardly possible that Lamb and his companions in- 
variably passed their doors without entering them, although 
no record is preserved of his frequenting any but the Bell. 
He was on his way to this tavern w^hen he fell and received 
the slight injury to his face which hastened his death. 

Lamb was buried in the quiet little churchyard at Ed- 
monton. A tall flat stone, with an inscription by Cary, 
the translator of Dante, which is neither happy nor quite 
coherent, marks the spot, which is just beyond the path 



1775-1834.] CHABLES IAMB. 193 

on the southwest of the church. Mary Lamb, who survived 
her brother a number of years, died in Alpha Eoad, St. 
John's Wood, and was buried in his grave on the 28th of 
May, 1847. 

Talfourd, in writing to Henry Crabb Eobinson, December 
31, 1834, says:—- 

I doubt whether Mary Lamb will ever be quite Diary of 
herself again, so as to feel her loss with her natural Crabb 
sensibility. She went with Kyle yesterday to the vol. ii. ' 
churchyard, and pointed out a place where her brother '^^^P* ^^• 
had expressed a wish to be buried ; and the wish will be fulfilled. 

Eobinson was one of the few friends of the Lambs who 
remembered Mary after the death of Charles. There are 
in his Diary accounts of repeated visits to her in her 
loneliness ; and when her time came he saw her laid by 
her brother's side. 

May 29, 1847. — Yesterday was a painfully interesting day. 
I attended the funeral of Mary Lamb. At nine a coach fetched 
me. We drove to her dwelling at St. John's Wood, 
from whence two coaches accompanied the body to Hen^ 
Edmonton across a pretty country, but the heat of the ^o^^]|nson 
dav rendered the drive oppressive. We took refresh- vol. ii. 

'- . chap XXI. 

ment at the house where dear Charles Lamb died, 
and were then driven towards our homes. . . . There was no sad- 
ness assumed by the attendants, but we all talked together with 
warm affection of dear Mary Lamb, and that most delightful of 
creatures, her brother Charles ; of all the men of genius I ever 
knew, the one the most intensely and universally to be loved. 



18 



194 WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. [1775-1864. 

LETITIA E. LANDOK 

1802-1838. 

' T E. L.' was born at No. 25 Hans Place, Sloane Street^ 
-*--'• in a house destroyed some years ago; and received 
her early education at No. 22 Hans Place, a few doors 
beyond, in a house only taken down in the winter of 1884 
(see Miss Mitford). 

In 1809 the family removed to Trevor Park, East Barnet, 
where the happy days of her childhood were spent. In 
1815 the Landons were living in Lewis Place, Hammersmith 
Eoad, Fulham, and the next year at Brompton. Miss 
Landon was frequently an inmate of her grandmother's 
house in Sloane Street during her youth. In 1836 she 
went into lodgings at No. 28 Upper Berkeley Street, corner of 
Seymour Place, Connaught Square ; and here she remained 
until her marriage in 1838 at St. Mary's Church, Wyndham 
Place, Bryanston Square, where Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton 
gave the bride away. 

She died in Africa in the same year. 



WALTER SAVAGE LANDOR. 

1775-1864. 

T AND OR was in no respects a Londoner. He made 
■^^ frequent visits to town, but was never here for any 
length of time. One of the earliest signs of his appearance 
in London is a letter of his, dated April 12, 1795, from 



1650-1692.] NATHANIEL LEE. 195 

No. 38 Beaumont Street, Marylebone, on the west side, and 
written shortly after his rustication from Oxford. In 1801 
his address was at ' E. Brown's, Esq., No. 10 Boswell Court, 
Carey Street.' Boswell Court ran from Carey Street to the 
back of St. Clement's Church. It disappeared on the con- 
struction of the New Law Courts. 

Landor went to Italy in 1815, and London saw but little 
of him after that, except on his annual visits, during the 
later years of his life, to Gore House ' when the lilacs were 
in bloom.' Gore House, the residence of Lady Blessington, 
and so famous in its day, has disappeared. It stood very 
near, if not exactly on, the site of the Royal Albert Hall, 
Kensington Gore. 



NATHANIEL LEE. 

Circa 1650-1692. 

XT AT LEE was at Westminster School (see Churchill, 
-^^ p. 51) until 1668, when he entered Trinity College, 
Cambridge. He made his first appearance as an actor in 
1672, as Duncan in 'Macbeth,' at the Duke's Theatre, Lin- 
coln's Inn Fields (see Davenant, p. 74) ; but although, as 
Gibber says, he was so pathetic a reader of the scenes he 
had written himself that he moved old actors to tears, he 
failed ignominiously as a player, and quitted the stage in 
despair. In 1684 he was 'sent to Bedlam,' where he was 
confined for four years. Bedlam, which is a cockney con- 
traction for Bethlehem Hospital, stood, according to Stow, 
* in Bishop's Gate Ward without the City wall, between Bish- 
opsgate Street and Moorfields . . . against London Wall on 
the south side of the Lower Quarters of Moorfields.' Its 



196 NATHANIEL LJiE. [1660-1692. 

exact site was on the north side of London Wall, extending 
from the present Finsbury Pavement to the present Bloom- 
field Street, and it backed on the present Finsbury Circus. 
It remained until the beginning of the nineteenth century, 
when it was removed to Lambeth. 

Dryden wrote as follows to Dennis : — 

I remember poor Nat Lee, who was then upon the very verge of 

jj J , madness, yet made a sober and a witty answer to a bad 

Dryden, poet who told him it was an easie thing to write like a 

madman. ' No,' said he, ' it is very difficult to write 

like a madman, but it is a very easie matter to write like a fool.' 

Lee died in 1692; and his death, and the cause of it, 

is thus described in the manuscript notes of William 

Oldys, the antiquary quoted by Baker in his 'Biographia 
Dramatica : ' — 

Ketuniing one night from the Bear and Harrow in Butcher 
Row, through Clare Market to his lodgings in Duke Street 
[Lincoln's Inn Fields], overladen with wine, Lee fell down on the 
ground as some say, according to others on a bulk, and was killed 
or stifled in the snow. He was buried in the parish church of 
St. Clement Danes ; aged about thirty-five years. 

As he is known to have entered college in 1668, he must 
have been older than thirty-five when he died twenty-four 
years later. No trace of his grave remains in St. Clement 
Danes ; and Butcher Bow, afterwards called Pickett Street, 
in which stood the Bear and Harrow, was wiped out of 
existence some years ago, and the New Law Courts stand on 
its site. It was a very narrow street, running from Ship 
Yard to Holywell Street, by the side of St. Clement's 
Church. 



1632-1704.] JOHN LOCKE. 197 



JOHN LOCKE. 

1632-1704. 

T OCKE was sent in 1646 to Westminster School (see 
-^ Churchill, p. 51), wliere he was a pupil, with Dry- 
den, under Dr. Basby, and where he remained five or six 
years. He spent much time in Oxford and on the Conti- 
nent ; but in 1667 he took up his residence in London in the 
family of Lord Shaftesbury, then Lord Ashley, who lived in 
Essex House, formerly Exeter House, on the Strand. Its 
site is now marked by Essex Street ; and the gate with the 
staircase to the water, at the end of the street, is the only 
portion of the old bailding that remains. In 1683 Locke 
requested that letters for him be ' left with Mr. Percivall at 
the Black Boy in Lombard Street, or with Mr. S. Cox at the 
Iron Key in Thames Street.' 

Both of these signs had disappeared before houses in Lon- 
don were numbered, and it is not possible to identify their 
site. 

Locke wrote portions of his ' Essay on the Human Un- 
derstanding ' at Shaftesbury's country house at Chelsea, on 
the site of which the Workhouse belonging to St. George's, 
Hanover Square, was built. In the gardens of this institu- 
tion, on the south side of Eulham Eoad, near the upper 
boundary of Chelsea Parish, an old yew-tree, said to have 
been a favorite of Locke's, stood until 1883, when it was 
taken down. The dedication to the Essay was dated from 
Dorset Court, on the east side of Cannon Row, or Channel 
Row, Westminster, which has since disappeared, although 
Cunningham in his ' Hand-Book ' believes the Dorset Court 
to have been that in Fleet Street ; and it was first ' printed 



198 BICHABB LOVELACE. [1618-1658. 

by Eliz. Holt for Thomas Basset, at the George in Meet 
Street, near St. Dunstan's Church,' in 1690. He received 
thirty pounds for the copyright. Dorset Court, Eleet Street, 
was once the name of the present Salisbury Square. 

A letter of Locke's was dated in 1694 ' Over against the 
Plow in Lincoln's Inn Fields.' A Plough Tavern stood in 
Plough Court, Carey Street, opposite Serle Street, until 
the New Law Buildings wiped it out, with many other old 
passages and courts, and was the only taverji of that name 
in the immediate neighborhood of Lincoln's Inn Fields in 
Locke's time. 

Locke died in retirement, ten years later, in Otis Manor 
House, — no longer standing, — at High Laver, Essei, and 
was buried in a vault near the south porch of High Laver 
Church, where there are an altar tomb and a tablet to his 
memory. 



EICHARD LOVELACE. 

1618-1658. 

T OVELACE, who was, according to Wood, 'the most 
-*-^ amiable and beautiful person that eye ever beheld,' 
and who in his prime was * much admired and adored by the 
female sex,' received the rudiments of his education at the 
Charter House (see Addison, p. 1), and left it for Oxford 
in 1634. He saw but little of London until his later years. 
In 1648 he was confined in the Qate House at West- 
minster (see Burke, p. 27), where he wrote the poem 'To 
Althea from Prison,' containing the well-known " lines upon 
which much of his fame now rests, — 

* Stone walls do hot a prison make, 
Nor iron bars a cage.' 



1797-1868.] Samuel loves. 199 

After his release lie dragged out a miserable existence in 
London, and died in 1658. 

Having consumed all his estate, he grew very melancholy 
(which at length brought him into a consumption), 
became very poor in body and purse, was the object of wood's 
charity, went in ragged cloaths (whereas when he was oxoniSses. 
in his glory he wore cloth of gold and silver), and 
mostly lodged in obscure and dirty places more befitting the 
worst of beggars and poorest of servants. 

He is believed to have died in Gunpowder Alley, near 
Shoe. Lane, which has been entirel}^ rebuilt. 

Aubrey says that Lovelace's death took place in a cellar in 
Long Acre, and adds : ' Mr. Edm. Wylcle, etc., had 
made a collection for him and given him money.' Hunt's 
But Aubrey's authoritv is not valued aajainst Wood's, ^he Town, 

TT • ^ 1 Ti " • chap. lu. 

He IS to be read like a proper gossip, whose accounts 

we may pretty safely reject or believe as it suits other testimony. 

Lovelace was buried in St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, 
* at the west end of the church ; ' but the building was de- 
stroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. The present St. Bride's 
was built by Wren, and contains no memorial to the poet. 



SAMUEL LOVER. 

1797-1868. 

T OVER came first to London in 1834, when he lived in 
■*-^ the neighborhood of Regent's Park, and later in Charles 
Street, Berners Street, which was then that part of the 
street afterwards called Mortimer Street, which fronts the 
Middlesex Hospital. 



^00 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. [1800-1850. 

After his long American tour (1846-1848) and return to 
England, he settled in the more remote suburbs of Ealing, 
Barnes, and Sevenoaks ; but he died in St. Heliers, and was 
buried in Kensal Green. 

He was a member of the Garrick Club (see Thackeray). 



THOMAS BABINGTOIsr MACAULAY. 

1800-1859. 

MACAULAY was carried to London in his infancy, and 
spent two years with his parents in Birchin Lane, 
Cornhill, where still remained in 1885 a few old houses, 
no doubt standing there in the beginning of the century, 
and as familiar to the future historian as to the merchants 
and merchants' clerks who occupy them and pass by them 
at the present day. In one of these — which one is not 
now known — Macaulay's infancy was spent. He w^as car- 
ried daily along Cornhill and Threadneedle Street to get the 
air and sunshine in the Drapers' Garden, which, greatly 
reduced in size, lies at the back of Drapers' Hall, and is 
approached by Throgmorton Avenue, a private passage from 
Throgmorton Street to London Wall. Li 1885 it was a 
bright oasis in the desert of brick and mortar ; and as long 
as Macaulay lived, it was one of his favorite haunts (see 
Grote, p. 130). When Macaulay was a lad his father moved 
to Clapham, High Street, and took a house which was 
described * as roomy and comfortable, with a very small 
garden behind, and in front a very small one indeed.' Here 
his happy childhood was spent. This house. No. 5, The 
Pavement, High Street, Clapham, was still standing in 1885. 
It faced the Common, and was the seventh house towards 



1800-1859.] THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. 201 

the Common from the Plough Inn (No. 156 High Street). 
The very small garden indeed, about twenty feet square, had 
been built upon, and contained a one-storied shop, occupied 
by a fishmonger. The larger garden in the rear and the 
unpretending house itself remained unchanged. 

February 9. — I was talking to Stephen yesterday about 
Brougham and Macaulay. He said he had known 
Brougham above thirty years, and well remembers Mcmoirl^ 
walking with him down to Clapham, to dine with old ^^^^' 
Zachary Macaulay, and telling him he would find a prodigy of 
a boy there, of whom he must take notice. This was Tom 
Macaulay, 

Macaulay went to school at Clapham for a time; but 
when, in 1818, the family left Clapham for London, he lived 
with his father in Cadogan Place, Sloane Street, and later, 
in 1823, in Great Ormond Street. 

It was a large, rambling house at the corner of Lewis Place 
[and Great Ormond Street], and was said to have been 
the residence of Lord Chancellor Thurlow, at the time Life and 
when the great seal was stolen from his custody. It ^^^^f^; J?^ 
now [1876] forms the east wing of a homoeopathic 
hospital. 

Here he wrote the Essay on Milton, etc. It was still a 
hospital in 1885. 

In August, 1857, he [Macaulay] writes : ' I sent the carriage 
home, and walked to the Museum; passing through Great 
Ormond Street, I saw a bill on No. 50. I knocked, 

, , • 1 - Loftie's 

was let in, and went over the house with a strange History of 
mixture of feelings. It is more than tweii!y-six years J;.°chap! xx!* 
since I was in it. The dining-room and the adjoining 
room in which I once slept are scarcely changed; the same 
coloring on the wall, but more dingy. My father's study much 
the same ; the drawing-rooms too, except the papering ; my 
bedroom just what it was. My mother's bedroom — I had never 
lt?§e» i^ it since l^er death. I went away es^dJ 



202 THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. [1800-1859. 

Between 1829 and 1834 Macaulay occupied chambers at 
Ko. 8 South Square, Gray's Inn, in a building that has since 
been torn down to make way for the extension of the 
Library. 

Macaulay went to India in 1834, but returned to England 
in 1838, when he lodged for a time at No. 3 Clarges Street, 
Piccadilly, in a house still standing in 1885, and where he 
wrote, among other things, the paper on Clive. He was 
for a time in Great George Street, Westminster, and in 
1840 — 

quartered himself in a commodious set of rooms on the second 

floor in the Albany [see Byron, p. 32]. ... His chambers, every 

corner of which was a library, were comfortably. 

Letters, vol. though not Very brightly, furnished. The ornaments 
u.chap.ix. ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^j^^.^g^ 

In one of his letters he describes his surroundings as 
follows : — 

I have taken a comfortable suite of chambers in the Albany, 
and I hope to lead during some years a sort of life 

Life and ^ ♦ ,,..„, ^„ _ , . 

Letters, vol. peculiar to my taste, — college lite at the West End of 
u. c ap. vm. -j^Qj^^Qj^ I iiave an entrance hall, two sitting-rooms, 
a bedroom, a kitchen, cellars, and two rooms for servants, all for 
ninety guineas a year. 

His chambers in the Albany were numbered E. 1. Here 
he wrote the Essays on Bacon, Hastings, and Addison, the 
' History of England,' and published the ' Lays,' some of 
which had been written before. 

In 1856 he left tlj^p Albany for Kensington, and hired the 
house in which the rest of his life was spent. 

Holly Lodge, now [1876] called Aiiiie Lodge, occupies the 

most secluded corner of the little labyrinth of by-roads, which, 

bounded to the east by Palace Gardens and to the 

Letters, vol. west by Holland House, constitutes the district known 

U-ciiap.xiv. ^g Oampden Hill, The viUa — for a villa it is-- 



1800-1859.] THOMAS BABINGTON MACAtJLAY. 203 

stands in a long and winding lane, which, with its high back pal- 
ing, concealing from the passer-by everything except the mass of 
dense and varied foliage, presents an appearance as rural as 
Streatham presented twenty years ago. The only entrance for 
carriages was at the end of the lane farthest from Holly Lodge ; 
and Macaulay had no one living beyond him except the Duke of 
Argyll. 

*" During his residence in Kensington Macaulay was a regu- 
lar attendant at the old Church of St. Mary there (see the 
elder Colman, p. 62). 

He died at Holly Lodge on the 28th of December, 1859. 
His attending physician, Dr. Thomas Joyce, of ^o. 2 Pem- 
bridge Villas, Bayswater, in a private note dated September 
27, 1883, says: — 

I have much pleasure in giving you any information in my 
power respecting Lord Macaulay. He died in his library at 
Holly Lodge. For some time before he had been in ill health 
from weak heart. His servant, who had left him feeling rather 
better, found on his return his master fainting in his chair. I 
was quickly sent for, got him removed to his couch, where he 
expired in a few moments. None of his family were with him. 
His sister, Mrs, Trevelyan, arrived soon after his death, accompa- 
nied by her son, then a very young man, but now, I believe, the 
Irish Secretary. At the time of his seizure Lord Macaula)'' was 
reading a number of the ' Cornhill Magazine,' then a new publica- 
tion ; and, as far as my memory serves me, he was reading 
Thackeray's ' Adventures of Philip.' 

Holly Lodge is still standing [1883], and is, I believe, unaltered. i* 
You will find it on the top of Campden Hill, next the Duke of 
Argyll's [Argyll Lodge]. 

He was buried, January 9, 1860, in the Abbey. 

We return to the western aisle of the south transept. 

There lies the brilliant poet and historian, who per- -^^^^ 

haps of all who have trod the floor of the Abbey, or Stanley's 

■■• "^ ' Westminster 

lie buried within its precincts, most deeply knew Abbey, 

fiud felt its manifold iuterests^ aud most unceasingly ^ ^^' ^^' 



204 CHEISTOPHER MAKLOWE. [1563-1593. 

commemorated them. Lord Macaulay rests at the foot of the 
statue of Addison, whose character and genius none has painted 
as he. 

Macaulay was a member of the Athenseum Club, No. 107 
Pall Mall, and of the Literary Club, founded by Johnson 
(see Goldsmith, p. 123, and Johnson, p. 167), to which he 
was elected in 1839. It met then in the Thatched House 
Tavern, 'No. 74 St. James's Street, on the site of the Con- 
servative Club. 

Macaulay was devoted to The Club, and rarely absent from it. 
„. ,^ If redundant at times in speech and argument, this 

Sir Henry ^ . • i i 

Holland's could hardly be deemed a usurpation, seeing how they 
tions of a Were employed. ... I well remember the blank that 
Sap.^viU. was felt by us all at the first meeting of The Club 
after his death. 



CHEISTOPHER MARLOWE. 

1563-1593. 

npHERE are no records of Marlowe's life in London except 
■*• that he was a player at the Curtain Theatre in Holy- 
well Lane, Shoreditch (see Jonson, p. 172), and that he was 
killed in a disreputable brawl. 

The story of Marlowe's death Jias been differently related, but 

it seems now^ that he was killed by his rival in love. 

Coiiier's Marlowe found his rival with the lady to whom he 

DramSi? was attached, and rushed upon him ; but his antago- 

Poetry, -g^ beinsc the strono-er, thrust the point of Marlowe's 

vol. u!. : ' o o 7 1 

Marlowe. own dagger into his head. The event probably oc- 
curred at Deptford, where, according to the register of St. Nicho- 
las Church, Marlowe was buried in June, 1593. And it is also 
Tecprded that he was ' slai^e by Francis A,rcher/ 



1792-1848.] FREDERICK MARRYATT^ 205 

The present St. Nicholas Church was erected on the site 
of the old one, taken down in 1697. It stands on Deptford 
Green, west of the Dockyard, and contains no monument or 
tablet to Marlowe. 

We read of one Marlowe a Cambridge Scholler, who was a poet 

and a filthy play-maker ; this wretch accounted that meeke 

servant of God, Moses, to be but a coniuror, and our _^ ^^ 

' ' . The Thun- 

Sweet Saviour to be but a seducer and deceiver of the derboit of 

God's Wrath 
people. But harken, ye brain-sicke -and prophane Against 

poets and players, that bewitch idle eares with foolish Jfearted and 
vanities, what fell upon this prophane wretch ; having stiff-necked 

■^ ■•• -^ . Sinners. 

a quarrell against one whom he met in the street in London, 
London, and would have stab'd him ; but the partie ' 
perceiving his villany prevented him with catching his hand, and 
turning his own dagger into his braines ; and so blaspheming and 
cursing he yeelded up his stinking breath. Marke this, ye players 
that live by making fools laugh at sinne and wickedness. 



FEEDEKICK MAEEYAT. 

1792-1848. 

IV /TARRY AT was born in Westminster, and educated at a 
IVi. pj'ivate school ' in the red brick house at the upper 
end of Baker Street, Enfield' (Ford's Enfield). From this 
school, after repeated truant exploits, he was taken in 1806, 
and sent to sea ; and he did not settle finally on shore until 
1830. 

In 1832 his address was No. 38 St. James's Place, St. 
James's Street, which half a centftry later remained un- 
changed ; and in 1837, and again in 1839, he lodged at 
No. 8 Duke Street, St. James's, in a house which was still 
a lodging-house in 1885. There h$ wrote and published 
' l^ergival Keewe.' 



206 FEEDERICK MARRYAT. [1792-1848. 

In 1841 and in after years while on his periodical visits 
to London during the season, his letters were addressed to 
No. 120 Pall Mall, between Trafalgar Square and Waterloo 
Place, subsequently the site of the French Gallery. In 
1842, however, he had a house — unaltered in 1885 — at 
No. 3 Spanish Place, Manchester Square, and here he wrote 
* Masterman Ready.' 

Among Marryat's suburban homes was Sussex House, 
Hammersmith, which still stood in 1885 opposite Branden- 
burg House, a little back from the river on the Fulham 
Eoad, and facing Alma Terrace. Marryat was also a fre- 
quent inmate of the house of his mother, at Wimbledon 
Common. 

On the borders of the Common [Wimbledon Common] are 
several good houses. The most remarkable is Wim- 

ThornG's 

Hand-Book bledon House. ... In 1815 it was purchased by 
Environs of Joseph Marryat, Esq., M. P. (father of the novelist), 

London: and after his death, in 1824, was for several years 
Wimbledon, n i . . t i •, 

the residence of his widow, who made the grounds 
famous for rare plants and flowers. 

Wimbledon House, at the southern extremity of Wim- 
bledon Park, was left intact in 1885, but shut out from the 
town and the Common by high walls. 

The apartment he [Marryat] occupied whilst on his visits to 
Wimbledon House, and in which he wrote, was one upon the 

second story overlooking the Park ; and in this room. 
Letters of at a table covered with an African lion's skin, and 
M^arryat, ^n a little old black leather blotting-book, worn with 
'^'^- "•... use and replete to bursting with ruled foolscap, several 

of his books were composed. His handwriting was 
so minute that, the compositor having given up the task of deci- 
phering it in despair, the copyist had to stick a pin in at the 
place where he left off to insure his finding ^it again when be 
resumed his task, 



1620^1678.] ANDEEW MARVELL. 207 

Marryat is also said to have lived in a white cottage 
called Gothic House, at the foot of the hill south of Wim- 
bledon Common, and on the road to Kingston, It was 
standing in 1885. 

Marryat died, and was buried, at Langham in Norfolk, 
where the later years of his life were spent. 

His club was the United Service, Nos. 116 and 117 Pall 
MaU. 



ANDEEW MAEYELL. 

1620-1678. 

"]\ /TARYELL does not seem to have known much of 
^^'*' London until 1657, when he was appointed Latin 
Secretary, under Milton, to Oliver Cromwell, and had lodg- 
ings in Scotland Yard, Whitehall ; and the accounts pre- 
served to us, of his life in London, then and later, are very 
vague. While he was sitting in the House of Commons as 
member for Hull, he occupied poor apartments on the 
second floor of a house in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden. 
Here he refused, with scorn, the bribes of Charles, while he 
had not a guinea in his pocket to pay for his daily bread. 
Marvell's Maiden Lane house has been taken down. It was 
next to the Bedford Head, on the site of which a modern 
Bedford Tavern (No, 41 Maiden Lane) has been built. For a 
number of years he occupied a small and unpretentious cot- 
tage on Highgate Hill, north of the then Lauderdale House, 
later the Convalescent House of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 
and opposite Cromwell House. This cottage, in its old- 
fashioned garden, was in existence until 1869. Part of its 
froiit garden-wall still remained in J 885, with th§ stoiie 



208 ANDREW MARVELL. [1620-1678. 

steps leading from the street, upon which tradition says the 
poet was fond of sitting to watch the passer-by, perhaps to 
morahze upon the actions of Nell Gwynne, his uncongenial 
neighbor of Lauderdale House. 

Marvell died at Kingston-upon-HuU, and was buried in 
the vault of the old Church of St. Giles-in-the-Field. The 
present church is of the eighteenth century. 

Edward Thompson, the editor of Marvelfs Works, gives 
the following account of his resting-place : — 

In the year 1774 I visited the grand mausoleum under the 
Church of St. Giles, for the coffin in which Mr. Marvell was 
placed. In this vault were deposited upwards of a thousand 
bodies, but I could find no plate of an earlier date than 1772. 
I do therefore suppose that the new church is built upon the 
former burial-place. The epitaph placed on the north side of the 
church by his grand-nephew, Mr. Robert Nettleton, is supposed 
to be over his remains, and near to the monument of Sir Roger 
L'Estrange. 

This epitaph upon a black marble mural tablet is on the 
north aisle of the church, opposite pews 13 and 14. The 
gilt lettering was almost obliterated in 1885. 

Marvell was a frequenter of Haycock's Ordinary, which 
stood on the south side of the Strand, between Temple Bar 
and the present Palsgrave Restaurant (see Prior), and of 
the Rota, or Coffee Club, held *at one Miller's' at the 
Turk's Head in New Palace Yard. No sign of the Turk's 
Head or of the New Palace Yard of Marvell's time now 
remains. 



1584-1639.1 PHIIiP MASSINGJEE. 209 



PHILIP MASSmGEK. 

1584-1638. 

^ ITTLE is known of the personal history of Massinger, 
-'-^ either in London or out of it, and his early biogra- 
phers vary greatly in the dates they give of his birth and 
his death. The author of the ' British Theatre ' says he was 
born in 1578, and died in 1659 ; but the dates attached 
hereto, taken from Anthony Wood, and the registry of the 
church in which he was buried, are probably correct. He 
waJ found dead in his bed 'in his own house, near the 
play-house on the bank side, South wark ' (see Shakspere), 
and he was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary Overy,- 
afterwards St. Saviour's, Southwark, at the end of London 
Bridge (see Fletcher, p. 107, and Gower, p. 126). His 
grave is now unknown ; and the parochial register simply 
records the interment of ' Philip Massinger, a Stranger.' 

His bodie being accompanied by comedians, was 
buried in the middle of the church yard there, com- Athense 
monly called the Bull Heade Church yard — for there vol. i. col.' 
are in all four church yards belonging to that church ^^^- 
— on the 18th of March. 

A stone in the floor of the choir of the old church has 
had, within a few years, engraven upon it his name and the 
date of his death, although it is an established fact that he 
does not lie beneath it. 



14 



^10 JOHN MILTOH. [16.08-1674 



JOHK MILTOK. 

1608-1674. 

A LTHOUGH the * Prince of Poets ' was born and died in 
"^ -^ London, received part of his education in London, wa% 
married frequently in London, and lived in many houses 
in the metropolis, there is left to-day hardly a trace of any- 
thing that he has touched, or that is in any way associated 
with him. Even his grave was desecrated, and the precise 
spot in which his bones lie cannot now be discovered. 

He was born in Bread Street, Cheapside, at the sign of 
the Spread Eagle (his family crest), on the 9th of Decem- 
ber, 1608, and was baptized in the neighboring Church of 
All Hallows. Both the house and the church were destroyed 
in the Great Fire of 1666. Black Spread Eagle Court was 
in 1885 covered by modern buildings ; Nos. 58 to 63 Bread 
Street being occupied by one firm, who have on the top 
floor a bust of Milton, with an inscription stating that it 
stands on the site of the house of his birth. 

All Hallows Church, on the corner of Bread and Watling 
Streets, was rebuilt by Wren after the Fire, but was taken 
down in 1878, and a large warehouse erected on its grounds. 
On this is placed a tablet containing a bust of Milton, and 
an inscription explaining its connection with the bard. The 
tablet with the lines of Dryden so often quoted, 'Three 
poets in three distant ages born,' etc., that adorned this 
church, has now been placed on the outside west wall of Bow 
Church, hard by. " 

Milton's christening is recorded in the register of All 
Hallows, still extant: 'The XXth daye of December, 1608, 
was baptized John, the sonne of John Milton, Scrivener.' 



1608-1674.1 JOHif MILTGN. ^11 

The young Milton was sent to Paul's School at an early 
age. 

When he [Milton] went to schoole, when he was very young 
he studied very hard, and sate up very late, commonly 
till twelve or one o'clock at ni^jht, and his father Aubrey's 

° . . Lives of 

ordered the mayde to sitt up for him, and in those Eminent 

yeares (10) composed many copies of verses which Milton. * 

might well become a riper age. 

Paul's School was destroyed in the Great Fire also. It 
was rebuilt soon after on the same site, on the east side 
of St. Paul's Churchyard, between Watling Street and 
Cheapside; but it was removed in the summer of 1884 to 
Hammersmith Eoad, West Kensington. The building known 
to the present generation as Paul's School, in St. Paul's 
Churchyard, was not erected until 1823. 

Saw all the towne burned, and a miserable sight of Pepys's 

Diary, vol. 

Paul's Church, with all the roofs fallen, and the body ii., Sept. 7, 
of the quire fallen into St. Fayth's ; Paul's school also. 

London saw but little of Milton from his sixteenth year, 
when he was sent to Cambridge, until 1639 ^ when, after 
a Continental tour, he lodged in the house of one Russell, 
a tailor in St. Bride's Churchyard. 

The house, as I learned from an old and most respectable 
inhabitant of St. Bride's Parish, was on the left hand as you 
proceed towards Fleet Street through the avenue. It 
was a very small tenement, very old, and was burned Houses and 
down on the 24th of November^ 1824, at which time f^tSsh °^ 
it was occupied by a hair-dresser. It was — in proof ^m*^' ^°^'^"° 
of its age — without party walls and much decayed. 
The back part of the ' Punch' office now occupies its site. These 
lodgings were too small, and he took a garden house in Aldersgate 
Street, situated at the end of an entry, that he might avoid the 
noise and disturbance of the street. ... This house was large 
and commodious, affording room for his library and furniture. 
Here he commenced his career of pure authorship. 



^1^ JOHN MiLTOiJ. - [1608-1674 

Masson, in his interesting and valuable sketch of Milton's 
life, prefixed to an edition of Milton's Poems published by 
Macmillan in 1874, says : — 

Aldersgate Street is very different now, and not a vestige of 
Milton's house remains ; it stood at the back of the part of the 
street on the right hand as you go from St. Martin's-le-Grand to 
where is now Maidenhead Court. 

It seems to have been while they were living in the St. 
Bride's Churchyard house, although the authorities differ, 
that Milton's first wife, Mary Powell, who was the mother 
of his daughters, and to whom he was married in 1643, 
left her husband, on a visit to her family, and refused to 
return. Mrs. Milton, however, met her lord again at the 
house of a friend, 'in the lane of St. Martin's-le-Grand,* 
besought his forgiveness on her knees, and was taken back 
to his home, if not to his heart. 

His first wife was brought up and lived where there was a great 
Audrey's ^^^^ ^^ company and merriment, dancing, etc., and 
Lives of -when she came to live with her husband at Mr. Eus- 

Eminent ^ -^ • -i t r^^ ti n t • 

Persons: sell's in St. Bride's Churchyard, she found it very 
solitary; no company came to her, oftentimes heard 
his nephews beaten and cry ; this life was irksome to her, and so 
she went to her parents. 

About 1644 Milton removed to the Barbican, Aldersgate 
Street, where he still taught school, and gave refuge to his 
wife's relations, who were royalists, and who felt more kindly 
towards him when they found that his was the winning side. 
His father-in-law died in his house at Holborn in 1 647. 

When it is considered that Milton cheerfully opened his doors 
to those who had treated him with indignity and breach of faith, 
Todd's Mil- — to a father who, according to the poet's nuncupative 
ton, 1647. ^.j]2, never paid him the promised marriage portion 
of a thousand pounds ; and to a mother who, according to Wood, 
had encouraged the daughter in her perverseness, — we cannot but 



1608-1671] JOHN MILTON. 213 

concede to Mr. Hayley's con elusions, that the records of private 
life contain not a more magnanimous example of forgiveness and 
beneficence. 

Milton's house, "No. 17 Barbican, was not taken down 
until 1864. A modern warehouse occupies its site. 



The house to which Milton removed was in the street called 
Barbican, going from Aldersgate Street at right angles, and 

within a walk of two or three minutes from the former ,, 

Masson's 

house. As you went from Aldersgate Street it was on Memoir of 
the right side of the Barbican. It existed entire until 
only the other day, when one of the new city railways was cut 
through that neighborhood. 

Milton remained but a short time in the Barbican,- for in 
1646-47 he was to be found in a small house on Holborn, 
'opening backwards into Lincoln's Inn Fields,' probably be- 
tween Great and Little Turnstiles, While Latin Secretary 
to Cromwell he was lodged in Scotland Yard, Whitehall, and 
also at ' one Thompson's, next door to the Bull Head Tavern 
at Charing Cross, opening into Spring Gardens' (see Gibber, 
p. 52), a short and quiet street connecting Whitehall and 
the present Trafalgar Square with the east end of the Mall 
and St. James's Park. He soon after took a ' pretty garden 
house' in Petty France, Westminster. Here he lived for 
eight years, and here losing his first wife he took to him- 
self a second. William Howitt, in his ' Homes and Haunts 
of British Poets,' thus describes the house in Petty France 
as he saw it in 1868 : — 

It no longer opens into St. James's Park. The ancient front is 
now its back, and overlooks the fine old, but house-surrounded, 
garden of Jeremy Bentham. Near the top of this ancient front 
is a stone, bearing this inscription, ' Sacred to Milton, the Prince 
of Poets,' This was placed there by no less distinguished a man 
than William Hazlitt, who rented the house for some years, purely 
because it was Milton's. Bentham, when he was conducting 



214 JOHN MILTON. [1608-1674. 

people round his garden, used to make them sometimes go down 
on their knees to this house. The house is tall and narrow, and 
has nothing striking about it. No doubt, when it opened into St. 
James's Park, it was pleasant ; now it fronts into York Street, 
which runs in a direct line from the west end of Westminster 
Abbey. It is No. 19. 

Milton completely lost the use of his eyes in Petty France. 
This house, afterwards No. 19 York Street, Westminster, 
was taken down in 1877 (see Hazlitt, p. 132). Its gardens 
form part of the lawn of Queen Anne Mansions, where was 
still shown in 1885 an old tree said to have been planted by 
Milton himself. 

Tradition says that Milton, after the return of the Stuarts 
in 1660, took refuge in Bartholomew Close (Duke Street, 
Aldersgate), which is still full of old houses spared by the 
Great Fire. Near the yard of the Church of St. Barthol- 
omew the Great were a row of old buildings in 1885, facing 
on Cloth Fair, from the back windows of which the poet was 
no doubt often seen going in and out of the Close. 

Milton , after the Eestoration, withdrew for a time to a friend's 
house in Bartholomew Close. By this precaution he probably 

escaped the particular prosecution which was at first 
Milton, directed against him. Mr. Warton was told by Mr. 

Tyers, from good authority, that when Milton was 
under prosecution with Goodwin, his friends, to gain time, made 
a mock funeral for him, and that when matters were settled in 
his favor and the affair was known, the king laughed heartily at 
the trick. 

After Milton's pardon by Charles, he took a house in 
Holborn, 'near Red Lion Fields,' afterwards known as Eed 
Lion Square ; and later he went to Jewin Street, Aldersgate, 
where in 1662 he married his third and last wife, who sur- 
vived him. Jewin Street has been entirely rebuilt. 

The last years of Milton's life were spent in a house in 
Artillery Walk, Bunhill Fields, where he composed and 



1608-1674.] JOm? MILTON. 215 

dictated to his daughters his * Paradise Lost/ * Paradise 
Kegained,' and 'Samson Agonistes,' and where he died in 
1674. 

Artillery Walk, Bunhill Fields, has entirely disappeared ; 
and the nearest approach to it, in name, is Artillery Place, 
Bunhill Row. Milton's house, — 

as has been ascertained with some trouble, was in that part of the 

present Bunhill Eow, where there is now a clump of „ 

^ ' ^ ^ Massons 

new houses to the left of the passenger, which turns Memoirs of 
northward from Chiswell Street towards St. Luke's 
Hospital and Peerless Pool. 

It was on the west side of Bunhill Row, not very far from 
Chiswell Street. 

An ancient clergyman of Dorsetshire, Dr. Wright, foimd John 

Milton in a small chamber hung with rusty green, sitting in an 

elbow-chair, and dressed neatly in black : pale but not ^. ^ ^ 

' "^ . Richardson's 

cadaverous ; his hands and fingers gouty and with Explanatory 

chalk-stones. He used also to sit in a gray, coarse svo, 1734, "' 
cloth coat, at the door of his house in Bunhill Fields, ^' ^^' 
in warm sunny weather, to enjoy the fresh air ; and so, as well as 
in his room, received the visits of people of distinguished parts as 
well as quality. 

Milton died of the gowte struck in, the 9th or 10th of Novem- 
ber, 1674, as appears by his apothecaryes booke. , 
... He lies buried in St. Giles's, Cripplegate, upper Lives of 
end of the chancell, at the right hand. Mem. his persons: 
stone is now removed ; about two yeares since [1681] ^"*°^- 
the two steppes to the communion table were raysed. I ghesse 
Jo. Speed and he lie together. 

There was long credited a story to the effect that Mil- 
ton's body was disturbed and desecrated on the occasion of 
the raising of the chancel of St. Giles's Church towards the 
end of the eighteenth century, and that fragments of his 
skeleton were carried off by relic-hunters ; but Mr. C. M. 



^16 MART BtJSSBLt MITFORB. [1787-1855. 

Ingleby, in his ' Shakspere's Bones' (London, 1883), thus 
discredits the report : — 

On the 4th of August, 1790, according to a small volume 
written by Philip Neve, Esq. (of which two editions were pub- 
lished in the same year), Milton's coffin was removed and his 
remains exhibited to the public on the 4th and 5th of that month. 
Mr. George Stevens, the great editor of Shakspere, who justly 
denounced the indignity intended, not offered, to the great 
Puritan poet's remains by Royalist Landsharks, satisfied himself 
that the corpse was that of a woman of fewer years than Milton. 
. . . Mr. Stevens's assurance gives us good reason for believing 
that Mr. Philip Neve's indignant protest is only good in general, 
and that Milton's hallowed reliques still rest undisturbed within 
their peaceful shrine. 

The removing of the stone in 1679, alluded to by Aubrey, 
renders uncertain the exact place of his burial ; and the 
inscription in the pavement of the middle aisle near the 
Lord Mayor's double pew, numbered 16 and 17, simply reads 
that he 'lies near this spot.' 

An elaborate monument, containing his bust, was erected 
in the church, by public subscription, in 1862. 



MARY RUSSELL MITFORD. 

1787-1855. 

A yf ARY RUSSELL MITFORD'S earliest experiences of 
^^^ London, when she was eight or nine years old, were 
not of the most cheerful kind. The family lived on the Sur- 
rey side of Blackfriars Bridge while Dr. Mitford sought refuge 
from his creditors within the rules of King's Bench. In 
1798 she was sent to a school at No. 22 Hans Place, Sloane 
Street (see Miss Landon, p. 194), which is described, in her 



1787-1855.] MARY RUSSELL MITFORD. 217 

' Life and Letters,' as being then a new house, bright, clean, 
freshly painted, and looking into a garden full of shrubs and 
flowers. The house had been rebuilt in 1885. The garden 
was still full of flowers, but the brightness and freshness of 
the buildings in the little square were things of the past. 
Here Miss Mitford remained as a scholar until 1803 ; and 
here, and to the later home of her teachers, — who were 
her warm friends as well, — at Xo. 33 Hans Place, she came, 
while in London, for a number of years. During her fre- 
quent excursions to town she lodged and visited in different 
places. In 1818 she was a guest at Tavistock House, 
Tavistock Square, afterwards the home of Dickens (see 
Dickens, p. 84). In 1826 she wrote from No. 45 Frith 
Street, Soho, — No. 49 in 1885. In 1828, when she came 
to London to see the first performance of 'Rienzi,' she 
lodged at No. 5 Great Queen Street, on the north side, 
near Lincoln's Inn Fields; and in 1834 she was at No. 
35 Norfolk Street, Strand, in a house still standing and 
unchanged fifty years later, where she 'held a sort of 
drawing-room every morning,' and was lionized to her 
heart's content. Her friends were among the leading men 
and women in all professions and ranks. In 1836 she had 
apartments at No. 56 Russell Square, between Bedford 
Place and Southampton Row, where she writes : — 

Mr. Wordsworth, Mr. Lander, and Mr. White dined here. I 
like Mr. Wordsworth, of all things. . . . Mr. Lander is a very 
striking-looking person, and exceedingly clever. Also we had a 
Mr. Browning, a young poet, and Mr. Procter and Mr. Morley, 
and quantities more of poets ; Stanfield and Lucas were also there. 

In the later years of her life Miss Mitford rarely spent a 
night in town, coming up from Reading or Swallowfield only 
for the day, and to see Miss Barrett or some of her intimate 
friends. She died in 1855, and was buried in the church- 
yard of Swallowfield, — ' Our Village/ 



218 MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU. [1690-1762. 



MAEY WOETLEY MONTAGU. 

1690-1762. 

T ADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU, although born 
■*-^ in Nottinghamshire, was christened in the Church of 
St. Paul, Co vent Garden, since rebuilt (see Butler, p. 29). 

Her London home during her youth was in Arlington 
Street, Piccadilly, at the house of her father, the Marquis of 
Dorchester, afterwards Duke of Kingston, who introduced 
her to the Kit Kat Club when it held its sittings at the 
Cat and Fiddle in Shire Lane (see Addison, p. 8). Lady 
Louisa Stuart, in Lord Wharncliffe's 'Life and Writings of 
Lady Montagu,' gives the following account of the scene : — 

One day at a meeting to choose toasts for the year, a whim 
seized him [Lord Kingston] to nominate his daughter, then not 
eight years old, a candidate, alleging that she was far prettier than 
any lady on their list. The other members demurred, because 
the rules of the club forbade them to select a beauty whom they 
had never seen. ' Then you shall see her,' cried he ; and in the 
gayety of the moment sent orders to have her finely dressed, and 
brought to him at the tavern, where she was received with accla- 
mations, her claims unanimously allowed, her health drunk by 
every one present, and her name engraved, in due form, upon a 
drinking-glass. The company consisting of some of the most 
eminent men in England, she went from the lap of one poet or 
patriot "or statesman to the arms of another, was feasted with 
sweetmeats, overwhelmed with caresses, and, what perhaps al- 
ready pleased her better than either, heard her wit and beauty 
loudly extolled on. every side. Pleasure, she said, was too poor 
a word to express her sensations, — they amounted to ecstasy. 
Never again, through her whole life, did she pass so happy a 



1690-1762.] MARY WOETLEY MONTAGU. 219 

Pope, in 1717, wrote to the Montagus at 'the Piazza, 
Covent Garden,' urging them to go to Twickenham, which 
they did. They lived at Savile House there for some time. 

On the left of the Heath Eoad, east of the Railway 

Thome's 

bridge, is Savile House, a fine old red brick mansion Hand-Book 
with tall roofs, where for several years lived Lady Environs of 
Mary Wortley Montagu, who came here to be near ^'^^^.*^^^- 
Pope, — fast friends then, too soon to be bitter foes. enham. 

This house remained in 1885 as Mr. Thorne has de- 
scribed it. 

Occasionally during these years she lived in Cavendish 
Square. 

After a long absence on the Continent, she returned to 
London in 1761. 

Lady Mary Wortley is arrived. I have seen her. I think her 
avarice, her dirt, and her vivacity are all increased. Her dress, 
like her language, is a galimatias of several countries ; 
the groundwork rags, and its embroidery nastiness. enceof 
She needs no cap, no handkerchief, no gown, no petti- waipoie 
coat, no shoes. An old black laced hood represents ■^^^^■ 
the first ; the fur of a horseman's coat, which replaces the third, 
serves for the second ; a dimity petticoat is deputy, and officiates 
for the fourth ; and slippers act the part of the last. 

In George Street, Hanover Square, Lady Mary Wortley Mon- 
tagu passed some of the last months of her long life. From her 
long residence on the Continent she had imbibed for- 

Jgssg's 
eign tastes and foreign habits ; and consequently the London, 

change from the spacious magnificence of an Italian Hanover 

palace to a small three-storied house in the neighbor- ^i^^^^- 

hood of Hanover Square was as striking as it was disagreeable. 

* I am most handsomely lodged/ she said, ' for I have two very 

decent closets and a cupboard on each floor.' 

She removed to Berkeley Square in 1 762, where she died 
the same year. She was buried in Grosvenor Chapel, in 
South Audle^ Street (see Chesterfjei^d, p. 50), 



220 THOMAS MOORE. [1779-1852. 



THOMAS MOOEE. 

1779-1852. 

"jl yTOOIlE first came to London in 1799 to be entered as a 
student in the Middle Temple, and lodged for a time in 
a front room up two pairs of stairs, at ISTo. 44 George Street, 
Portman Square, — numbered 106 in 1885, — paying six 
shillino's a week for his accommodations. In 1801 he wrote 
to his mother from No. 46 Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square. 
This house, since rebuilt, was on the north side, and after- 
wards No. 40. In 1805 he was found at No. 27 Bury 
Street, St. James's, his London home for ten or twelve 
years. To this house he took his young wife in 1811 ; and 
he speaks of a visit to it when he was an old man, and of 
tlie associations recalled by the sight of the old familiar 
rooms. The house had even then been renumbered. It 
was 28 in 1835, and fift}^ years later a new building stood 
on its site. 

A letter of Moore's dated from No. 15 Duke Street, St. 
James's, is preserved ; and Byron in 1814 wrote to him at 
No. 33 Bury Street (this house is also gone) ; but while in 
town he was generally a guest at Holland House (see 
Addison, p. 3), at Gore House (see Landor, p. 195), at 
Lansdowne House, on the south side of Berkeley Square, or 
at other aristocratic mansions among the lords he so dearly 
loved. 

Moore was married in the Church of St. Martin-in-the- 
Fields, March 25, 1811 ; and in 1812, and for about a year 
thereafter, lived at Brompton. A. J. Symington, in hi? 
'^ Jjife of Moore' (chap, iv.), says;—? 



1779-1852.] THOMAS MOORE. 221 

On Lady Day he [Moore] was so fortunate as to marry Miss 
Bessie Dyke, a native of Kilkenny, — a charming and amiable 
young actress of considerable ability. Their house was at York 
Place, Queen's Elms, Brompton. The terrace was isolated, and 
opposite nursery gardens. Mrs. Moore was very domestic in 
her tastes, and possessed much energy of character, tact, and a 
sound judgment. 

York Place, since called York Mews, is south of the 
Falham Road, between Church and Arthur Streets. 

In 1817 Moore rented the cottage since known as Lalla 
Rookh Cottage, where he lost a daughter. He buried her 
in Hornsey Churchyard, not far from the spot where Eogers 
afterwards was laid (see Rogers). 

At the foot of the hill [Muswell Hill, Middlesex], lying back 
on the right, is a long, low brick cottage with a ve- T^p^,j^g.g 
randa in front and a lawn sloping down to a pond by Hami-Book 
the roadside, which was the residence of Abraham Environs 
Newland, cashier of the Bank of England. . . . The Muswell 
poet Moore rented it in 1817, and his eldest daughter, ^'^^' 
Anne Barbara, died here, and lies in Hornsey Churchyard. From 
a mistaken tradition that the poem was written in it, the cottage is 
now [1876] named Lalla Rookh Cottage ; the poem was written 
before, but published whilst Moore lived here. The cottage will 
be easily recognized ; it lies next to the Victoria Inn (which 
nearly, faces the entrance to the Alexandra Palace), and has * Lalla 
Rookh ' painted on the gate-posts. 

It remained, in 1885, back of Maynard Street and Muswell 
Hill Road. 

Moore was a member of the Athenaeum, corner of Pall 
Mall and Waterloo Place ; Brooks's, No. 60 St. James's 
Street; and other clubs. 



222 SIR THOMAS MOEE. [1480-1535, 

HANl^AH MOEE. 

1745-1833. 

TTANNAH MORE never had a permanent home in 
London. She came first to town in 1774. In 1777 
she was lodging in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, and in 
Gerard Street, Soho ; but she was generally the guest of 
David Garrick, or of his widow after his death in 1779, 
in the house ISTo. 5 Adelphi Terrace, marked as the home of 
the great actor by the tablet of the Society of Arts. With 
the Garricks in London she is chiefly associated. Walpole 
writes of a visit he made to her at Adelphi Terrace in 1791 ; 
as long as Johnson lived, she was a welcome visitor at the 
house in Bolt Court ; Sir Joshua Eeynolds carried her to 
see his own and other pictures ; and her popularity was 
great. 



SIR THOMAS MORE. 

1478-1535. 

n^HOMAS MORE was born in Milk Street, Cheapside, 
-^ ' the brightest star that ever shone in that Via Lac- 
tea ' (Fuller's ' ¥7orthies of England : More '). All traces of 
More's Milk Street were entirely destroyed in the Great 
Fire two centuries later. 

More was educated at St. Anthony's Free School, which 
stood, as is shown in the old maps, on the site of the Consol- 
idated Bank, No. 52 Threadneedle Street. He afterwards 
studied in New Inn, Wych Street, Drury Lane, adjoining 
OleiT^ent's Inn, and is said to have lived in the Charter 



1480-1535.] SIR THOMAS MORE. 223 

House (see Addison, p. 1) as a lay brother. In 1499 he 
became a student of Lincoln's Inn, and he was appointed 
law reader of Furnival's Inn after his admission to the bar. 

From the period of Mere's marriage in 1507, he resided for 
some years in Bucklersbiiry ; perhaps it was soon after 1514-15 
that he pmxhased Crosby Place, for his advancement g-^^gi^^.g 
then became rapid. ... It is far from impossible that Loudon, 
this delightful work [Utopia] was written in Crosby crosby 
Place. In the preface we have a complete picture of ^^^^^• 
Sir Thomas's domestic habits about this period, and which, if it 
does not directly apply to Crosby Place, may certainly be applied 
to it by the mere substitution of the ' Life of Richard Third ' for 
' Utopia,' there being little or no doubt but the former work was 
written within its chambers, however it may be with the latter. 

Bucklersbury runs, as in More's day, from the Poultry to 
what is now Queen Victoria Street. It is very ancient, and 
is to be found in the maps of Saxon London. It was the 
quarter of traders in herbs and spices, even before the 
Norman Conquest, and until Shakspere's time ; for he makes 
Falstaff say : — 

Come, I cannot cry and say thou art this and that, Merry 

. , Wives of 

like a many of these lisping hawthorn buds, that come Windsor, 
like women in men's apparel and smell like Bucklers- scene 3. 
bury in simple time. 

Crosby Place, now Crosby Hall, has been ' restored ' with 
elaborate care, and stands in Bishopsgate Street near its 
junction with Threadneedle Street (see Shakspere). 

Sir Thomas More's country house was at Chelsea in Middlesex, 
where Sr. John Dan vers built his house. The chimney-piece of 
marble, in Sr. John's chamber, was the chimney-piece . , . , 
of Sr. Thomas More's chamber, as Sr. John himself Lives of 
told me. Where the gate is now, adorned with two persons : 
noble pyramids, there stood anciently a gate house ^°^®" 
wch was flatt on the top, leaded, from whence is a most pleasant 
prospect of the Thanies and the fields beyond ; on this plage 



224 SIR THOMAS MORE. [1480-1535. 

tlie Ld. Chancellor More was wont to recreate himself and 
contemplate. 

It was at More's house in Chelsea that Holbein was 
first presented to Henry VIII. ; and, according to tradition, 
Erasmus was also a visitor there. He says : — 

With him you might imagine yourself in the Academy of 
Plato. But I should do injustice to his house by comparing it to 

the Academy of Plato, where numbers and geometrical 
Sir James figures and sometimes moral virtues were the subject 
tosh's Life of discussion ; it would be more just to call it a school 

and an exercise of the Christian religion. All its 
inhabitants, male and female, applied their leisure to liberal 
studies and profitable reading, although piety was their first care. 
No wrangling, no idle word, was heard in it ; no one was idle ; 
every one did his duty with alacrit}^, and not without a temperate 
cheerfulness. 

This description of More's household by Erasmus may 
have referred to the Bucklersbury mansion, with which he 
was also undoubtedly familiar. 

The old mansion [Sir Thomas More's] stood at the north end 

of Beaufort Row, extending westward at the distance of 

Chelsea, about one hundred yards from the water-side. Some 

chap.' it. • fragments of the walls, doors, and windows, and parts 

of the foundation are still [1829] to be seen adjoining 

to the burying-ground belonging to the Moravian Society. 

Till within a very few years the ground remained in a state 
Miss that might have admitted of ascertaining the site of the 

Anecdote? house [Sir Thomas More's] ; but buildings have now 
vol. i. p. 42. shut it out from search, and nought remains but the 
name, Beaufort Row, to tell how it was once honored. 

The house was built in 1521. In the old chronicles of 
Chelsea it was known as Buckingham House in 1527, and 
was called Beaufort House in 1682. It was immediately 
facing the present Battersea Bridge, a little back from the 
river and about where Beaufort Street now runs. It was 
purchased by Sir Hans Sloane, and taken down in 1740. 



U80-1535.3 SIR TilOMAS MORE. ^25 

More was imprisoned in the Tower for thirteen months, 
and arraigned at Westminster Hall, May 7, 1535. He 
was beheaded on Tower Hill. 

The head of Sir Thomas More was putt upon London Bridge 
where, as trayter's heads are sett upon poles, and having re- 
mained some moneths there being to be cast into the t More's 
Thames, because roome should be made for diverse Ljfeof 
others who in plentiful sorte suffered martyrdome for More, 
the same supremacie ; shortly after it was brought by ^^^^' 
his daughter Margarett, least — as she stoutly affirmed before the 
Councill, being called before them for the same matter — it should 
be foode for fishes which she buried where she thought fittest. 

After he [More] was beheaded, his trunke was interred in 
Chelsey Church, near the middle of the south wall, ^u^re-'s 
where was some slight monument erected, which beinsr -^^^^'^^ °^ 

R m 1 n p n f 

worn by time, about 1644, Sir Lawrence of Persons: 

Chelsey (no kinne to him) at his own proper costs and ^^^' 
charges erected to his memorie a handsome inscription of marble. 

This inscription was written by More himself, as Erasmus 
has shown. It has several times been renewed. 

In the old parish church near the river More's monument stiU 
stands [1883]. The church is an interesting building of the most 
mixed character. So far, happily, not very much hurt 
by restorers. More made a chapel for his family tomb History of 
at the east end of the south aisle, and put up a black yoi'^^J^"' 
slab to record the fact. It has been twice ' improved,' The w'estem 

. '- Suburbs. 

and is said to have originally contained a reference to 
his persecution of heresy, for which a blank is now left in the 
renewed inscription, just the kind of evasion one can imagine the 
straightforward chancellor would himself have particularly dis- 
liked. The architectural ornaments of the monument are in what 
was then the new Italian style. It is uncertain where More is 
buried. Some say here ; some say in the Tower Chapel. 

His head was carried by his daughter to Canterbury, and 
buried in the Roper Vault in St. Dunstan's Church there. 

15 



226 AiRTHUE MURPHY. il72M80S. 

AETHUR MUEPHY. 

1727-1805. 

A RTHUR MURPHY, Walpole's 'writing actor,' who was 
'^^ nevertheless 'very good company,' was a clerk in a 
banking-house ' in the City,' and an unsuccessful player. 

On quitting the stage he determined to study law, was 
refused a call by the Benchers of Gray's Inn and the 
Temple because of his connection with the dramatic pro- 
fession, but was admitted a barrister by the Society of 
Lincoln's Inn in 1757. He occupied chambers at No. 1 
New Square, Lincoln's Inn, for upwards of a quarter of a 
century. The old house, in 1885, remained as in Murphy's 
time. 

During the latter years of his life Murphy lived at Ham- 
mersmith, ' at the end of the Mall and on the Terrace over- 
looking the river.' This was afterwards called Hammer- 
smith Terrace ; and Murphy's house, the last one at the 
west end of the row, was standing in 1885. Its back 
windows look directly upon the Thames. 

Murphy died at No. 14 Queen's Row, Knightsbridge, in a 
house little changed in 1885, when it was No. 59 Brompton 
Road, and was buried by the side of his mother in the 
parish Church of St. Paul, Queen Street, Hammersmith. 

Murphy was a member of the Beefsteak Society, which 
met in his time in Covent Garden Theatre (see Churchill, 
p. 51). He frequented Tom's Coffee House, No. 17 Russell 
Street, Covent Garden (see Gibber, p. 55), 'the Bedford 
under the Piazza^ Covent Garden' (see Churchill, p. 51), 
and 'George's in the Strand,' which stood at No. 213 
Strand, near Essex Street and opposite the New Law Courts. 



1642-1727.] SIR ISAAC NEWTO:tJ. ^21 

The George Tavern was erected on its site in 1868 (see 
Shenstone). 

He was fond of going to The Doves (still a tavern in 
1885), at the entrance to the Upper Mall, Hammersmith, 
near his own house, and at the end of Hammersmith 
Bridge (see Thomson). 



SIE ISAAC NEWTON. 

1642-1727. 

"\ T EWTON seems to have seen little or nothing of London 
■^ ^ until he was sent to Parliament by the University of 
Cambridge in 1689, when he lodged 'at Mr. More's house 
in the Broad Sanctuary at the west end of Westminster 
Abbey.' Here he first met John Locke. In 1693, during 
a short stay in town, he wrote a letter from ' The Bull at 
Shoreditch,' an inn not mentioned by Stow, Nicholson, or in 
the ' History of Shoreditch,' and to be found on no old map. 

In 1697, when appointed Warden of the Mint, he took 
a house in Jermyn Street, St. James's Street, where he re- 
manied until he went to Chelsea in 1709. In October, 1710, 
he removed to the house afterwards numbered 35 St. Martin 
Street, Leicester Square, where he ]ived for fifteen years and 
completed the second and third editions of his ' Principia.' 
The house was still standing in 1885, and was occupied by 
the Sunday school of the Orange Chapel, next door. It is 
marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts (see Mme. 
D'Akblay, p. 73). 

After Sir Isaac Newton took up his residence in London, he 
lived in a very handsome style, and kept his carriage, Brewster's 
with an establishment of three male and three female l^^^ "f 

1.11 1 Newton, 

servants. In his own house he was hospitable and chap. xix. 



^28 SIR ISAAC NEWTOK. [1642-1727. 

kind, and on proper occasions he gave splendid entertainments, 
though without ostentation or vanity. His own diet was frugal, 
and his dress was always simple. 

It was here [St. Martin's Street] that the antiquary Dr. Stukely 

called one day by appointment. The servant who opened the 

door said that Sir Isaac w^as in his study. No one was 

Walford's 

Old and New permitted to disturb him there ; but as it was near 
vol iii?' his dinner-time the visitor sat down to wait for him. 
p. 172. jjj^ ^ short time a boiled chicken under cover was 

brought in for dinner. An hour passed, and Sir Isaac did not 
appear. The doctor then ate the fowl, and, covering up the 
empty dish, desired the servant to get another dressed for his 
master. Before that was ready, the great man came down. He 
apologized for his delay, and added : ' Give me but leave to take 
my short dinner, and I shall be at your service. I am fatigued 
and faint.' Saying this, he lifted up the cover, and without 
emotion turned about to Stukely with a smile. 'See,' he said, 
* what we studious people are ; I forgot that I had dined.' 

Newton died in what was then known as Pitt's Buildings, 
Kensington, on the southeast side of Campden Hill. His 
house, afterwards called Orbell's Buildings, was for a time 
known as Newton House. In 1885 it was at the north end 
of Bullingham House, and formed a portion of Kensington 
College, the entrance to which was at No. 15 Pitt Street. 
The gardens and the house were intact. A rear entrance 
next to the old George Tavern, Church Street, near Campden 
Grove, and in the stable-yards to the inn, had but lately 
been closed. 

He went into London and presided at the Royal Society for 
the last time on the 2d of March, 1727. The fatigue brought 
on a paroxysm of his complaint. He lingered in 
Taylor's much pain, affectionately tended by his beloved niece 
^eices^ter _ ^ ^ ^|^ ^^p morning of Monday the 20th, when he 
died, in the eighty-fifth year of his age, — the highest 
of all human intelligence, till now. 



1651-1685.] THOMAS OTWAY. 229 

The Royal Society, during Newton's presidency and for 
many years afterwards, met in a house in Crane Court, 
Fleet Street. On its site was a modern but picturesque 
turreted red brick building occupied by the Scottish Cor- 
poration in 1885. 

On March 28, 1727, the body of Sir Isaac Newton, after lying 

in state in the Jerusalem Chamber, where it had been brought 

from his death-bed in Kensington, was attended ^ 

by the leading members of the Eoyal Society, and Stanley's 

^ ^ t/ / Westminster 

buried at the public cost in the spot in front of the Abbey, 

choir, which, being one of the most conspicuous in ^^^^- ^^• 

the Abbey, had been previously refused to various noblemen who 

had applied for it. 

Sir Isaac, after the meetings of the Royal Society, is 
known to have visited the Grecian, Devereux Court, Strand, 
on the site of the present Eldon Chambers (see Addison, 
p. 7). 



THOMAS OTWAY. 

1651-1685 

Tj^XCE'PT that Otway's life in London was generally 
^-^ disreputable, little is recorded of it. The low ale- 
house in which he perished miserably is the only spot men- 
tioned as being in any way positively associated with him, 
and only the name of that is known now. His first and 
last appearance upon the stage as a player was made in the 
Dorset Garden Theatre, Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, in 
1672. It stood behind the present Salisbury Square, and 
between Button Street, formerly Wilderness Lane, Dorset 
Street, and the Thames. Dorset Street and Dorset Build- 
ings perpetuate its name. 



230 THOMAS OTWAY. [1651-1685. 

In this play [The Jealous Bridegroom] Mr. Otway, the poet, 

having an inclination to turn actor, Ml'. Behn gave him 

Rosoius^ the King in the play for a proba^n part ; but he, 

Angiicanus, \)Q[iig ^ot used to the stage, the full house put him to 

such a sweat and tremendous agony, that being dash't 

spoilt him for an actor. 

Dryden and Otway were contemporaries, and lived, it is said, 
for some time opposite each other in Fetter Lane. One 
Waiford's morning the latter happened to call upon his brother 
Old and New \)Q,Td about breakfast-time, but was told by his ser- 

London, i i /. , i 

vol. i. vant that his master was gone to breakfast with the 
ap. viii. -g^^j^ ^£ Pembroke. ' Very well,' said Otway, ' tell 
your master that I will call to-morrow morning.' Accordingly he 
called about the same hour. ' Well, is your master at home now? * 
' No, sir, he is just gone to breakfast with the Duke of Bucking- 
ham.' * The d 1 he is ! ' said Otway ; and, actuated either by 

envy, pride, or disappointment, in a kind of involuntary manner 
he took up a piece of chalk which lay on a table and wrote over 
the door, — 

* Here lives Dryden, a poet and a wit.' 

The next morning Dryden recognized the handwriting, and 
told the servant to go to Otway and desire his company to break- 
fast with him ; in the mean time to Otway's line of 

• Here lives Dryden, a poet and a wit,' 

he added, — . 

' This was written by Otway, opposit.' 

When Otway arrived he saw this line linked with a rhyme, and, 
being a man of rather petulant disposition, he took it in dudgeon, 
and, turning upon his heel, told Dryden he was welcome to keep 
his wit and his breakfast to himself. 

Otway's house, if he did live in Fetter Lane, — which is 
merely traditional, — must have been opposite the house 
said to have been occupied by Dryden, and in the grounds 
of the present Record Office (see Dryden, p. 93). 

Otway died on the Hth of April, 1685. 



1644-1718.1 WILLIAM PENN. 231 

Having been compelled by his necessities to contract debts, and 
hunted, as is supposed, by the terriers of the law, he retired to 
a public house on Tower Hill, where he is said to 
have died of want ; or, as is related by one of his LiveTof the 
biographers, by swallowing, after a long fast, a piece 5^®*^ • 
of bread which charity had supplied. He went out, 
as is reported, almost naked, in a rage of hunger, and, finding a 
gentleman in a neighboring coffee-house, asked him for a shilling. 
The gentleman gave him a guinea ; and Otway, going away, 
bought a roll and was choked by the first mouthful. All this, 
I hope, is not true. 

If Lee died tipsy outside a public house, Otway died Koran's 
half-starved within one, at the Bull on Tower Hill. the stage. 

Otway had an intimate friend, who was shot ; the 
murderer fled toward Dover, and Otway pursued him. lueedotes : 
On his return he drank water when violently heated, -^^^J} Dennis, 
and so got a fever, which was the death of him. 1728-1730. 

There is no sign of the Bull to be found on Tower Hill 
now, and the exact site of Otway's tavern is unknown. 

He was buried in the churchyard of St. Clement Danes, 
April 16, 1685. No stone marks the spot. 



WILLIAM PENK 

1644-1718. 

T 1 riLLIAM PENN was born in his father's house 'upon 
Great Tower Hill, on the east side, with a court 
adjoining to London Wall.' Part of old London Wall was 
still to be found in 1885, back of the Tower Station of the 
Underground Railway, and in the identical court which once 
contained this house. According to Robert J. Burdette, in 
bis Life of Penn, ' he was not born with his hat on, but 
this is the only time he was ever seen in his bare head.' 



232 SAMUEL PEPYS. [1632-3S-170S. 

Penn received his early education at Chigwell Grammar 
School, about ten miles from London ; and here, as he 
expresses it, the ' Lord first appeared to him,' when he was 
about twelve years of age. These visitations were repeated 
afterwards in his father's house, and at a private school 
he attended on Tower Hill. He went to Christ Church, 
Oxford, at the age of fifteen. Afier his suspension from 
college and a tour of two years on the Continent, he was 
entered as a student in Lincoln's Inn. During his stormy 
life in London, before and after he carried his colonization 
schemes into effect, he lived with his various Quaker friends 
when he was not confined in N'ewgate, the Tower, where he 
wrote 'No Cross, No Crown,' or 'within the rules of the Fleet,' 
composing the while innumerable pamphlets, and preaching 
in the various Friends' meeting-houses of the metropolis. 

Penn is said to have occupied the house ' on the south- 
west corner of Norfolk Street, Strand, the last house in the 
street and overlooking the river,' on the site of which, No. 
21 Norfolk Street, was the Arundel Hotel in 1885. And 
he is known to have lived at one time at Teddington, on the 
left bank of the Thames, near Twickenham. 

He was buried at Chalfont, Bucks. 



SAMUEL PEPYS. 

1632-33-1703. 

n^HE famous gossip was born on the 23d of February, 
■^ 1632-33, but whether at Brompton, near Huntingdon, 
where his father had a small property, or in London, cannot 
now be determined. He was familiar with the metropolis in 
his childhood, but it is certain that he went to school at 



1632-33-1703.] SAMUEL PEPYS. £33 

Huntingdon before he entered Paul's School in London (see 
Milton, p. 211). 

To Paul's Schoole, it being opposition day there. I heard 
some of their speeches and they were just as school p , 
boys used to be, of the seven liberal sciences, but I Diary, Feb. 

,, / , , 1 , • .• 4,1662-63. 

think not so good as our s were m our tune. 

Pepys was married in the Church of St. Margaret, West- 
minster, on the 1st of December, 1655, and in the register 
is described as ' Samuel Peps of this parish, Gent.' This 
spelling of his name, together with that of the register of 
St. Olave's, Hart Street, recording his death, — ' Samuel 
Peyps, Esq.,' — may settle the point of its proper pro- 
nunciation. 

Pepys, at the time of the opening of his Diary, 1659-60, 
was living in Axe Yard, on the west side of King Street, 
Westminster. 

I lived in Axe Yard, having my wife, and servant Diary, 
Jane, and no other in the family than us three. 1659-60. 

At Westminster by reason of rain and an easterly wind, the 
water was so high that there was boats rowed in King p. 
Street, and all our yard was drowned, that one could March 20, 

' . 1660. 

not get to my house, so as no man has seen the like 
almost, and most houses full of water. 

Axe Yard, afterwards called Flu dyer Street, is now covr 
ered by the Public Offices (see Davenant, p. 75). King 
Street at one time extended to Charing Cross, through the 
grounds of the Palace of Whitehall. 

In June, 1660, Pepys took possession of a house belonging 
to, and adjoining, the Navy Office in Seething Lane. 

Up early and with Commissioner Pett to view the houses in 
Seething Lane, belonging to the Navy, where I find 
the worst very good, and had great feares they will 4 ^^0, ^^° 
shuffle me out of them, which troubles me. 

This morning we met at the office. I dined at my Diary, June 
house in Seething Lane. 18, 1660. 



234 SAMUEL PEPYS. [1632-33-1703. 

While Pepys was clerk in the Navy Office he made marks 
which are not yet effaced. To this day rules and regulations 
of his devising are in force at the Admiralty, and documents 
are issued to the fleet of Victoria, on plans formed by Pepys. 

Seething Lane was spared by the Great Fire, but contains 
now no houses, seemingly, as old as the reign of James IL 
It runs from Crutclied Friars to Great Tower Street ; and 
the old Navy Office, which was removed in 1788, stood on 
the east side of the Lane, with its chief entrance on Crutohed 
Friars. 

From a * Certificate ' of the clergyman of the Church of 
St. Olave, Hart Street, preserved in the Bodleian Library, 
Oxford, and quoted in full by Lord Braybrooke in his 
' Memoir ' attached to the ' Diary and Correspondence of 
Samuel Pepys/ it seems that Pepys lived in this parish, 
probably in one house, for thirteen years (1660-1673), 'dur- 
ing which time the said Mr. Pepys and his whole family 
were constant attendants upon the public worship of God 
and his holy ordinances,' and that 'his Lady received the 
Holy Sacrament from my hands according to the rites of the 
Church of England upon her death-bed, few houres before 
her decease, in the year 1669.' It would also seem from 
the same document, dated May 22, 1681, that even after 
Pepys removed from the parish 'he continued to receive 
the Holy Communion with the inhabitants thereof.' 

In 1684 Pepys lived in Buckingham Street, Strand. His 
house ' over against ' Peter the Great's was on the west side 
of Buckingham Street, No. 14, at the end of the street and 
overlooking York Gate (see Bacon, p. 12). It has been 
rebuilt. 

In 1700 he removed to Clapham, under the advice of his 
physician, where, on the 26th of May, 1703, he died. No 
trace of his house remains. It was taken down in the 
middle of the eighteenth century. 



1632-33-1703.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 235 

Sept. 23. — I went to visit Mr. Pepys at Clapham where lie has 
a very noble and wonderfully well furnished house, 
especially with Indian and Chinese curiosities ; the Diary, 1700. 
ofl&ces and gardens well accommodated for retirement. 

Pepys was buried by the side of his wife, ' in a vault by 
ye Communion Table,' in the Church of St. Olave, Hart 
Street, at the junction of Seething Lane and Crutched 
Friars. The building has been left comparatively untouched. 
Pepys erected an elaborate monument to his wife, with her 
bust and an inscription in elegant Latin, near the chancel. 
A memorial to Pepys himself in this church was unveiled in 
1884 by James Russell Lowell. It is on the south wall, 
near the little door by which he was wont to enter the 
gallery, ascending from the churchyard by an outside stair- 
case ; but galler}^ staircase, and door have all disappeared. 
On the bottom of this tablet are the words 'Erected by 
Public Subscription, 1883 ;' and Pepys in bas relief is now 
looking towards the monument to his wife. 

In 1677 Pepys was elected Master of the Cloth workers' 
Company, and left it a silver cup, which is carefully pre- 
served. The new hall of the Clothworkers, built in 1860, 
stands upon the site of the old hall, on the east side of 
Mincing Lane, a few doors from Fenchurch Street. In 1684 
he was elected President of the Royal Society, which met in 
his day in Arundel House, in the Strand, marked now by 
Arundel Street ; and in Gresham College, which then stood 
on the east side of Old Broad Street, half-way between 
Wormwood and Threadneedle Streets, as shown in a map 
printed by Stow. It was taken down in the middle of last 
century. Gresham House, No. 22 Old Broad Street, stands 
upon its site. Gresham College, on the northeast corner of 
Gresham and Basinghall Streets, is of much later date. 

In 1679-80 Pepys was confined in the Tower upon a 
charge of Popery and Treason, and in 1690 he was sent 



236 SAMUEL PEPYS. [1632-33-1703. 

for a short time to the Gate House at Westminster (see 
Burke, p. 27). 

A list of the liOndon taverns frequented by Pepys would 
simply be a list of all tip taverns in London in Pepys's day. 

Lord's Day. — Met with Purser Washington, with whom and a 
Diary, July lady, a friend of his, I dined at the Bell Tavern in 

1. 1660. King Street [Westminster] ; but the rogue had no 
more manners than to invite me and to let me pay my club. 
Diary Sept '^° *^^ Mitre in Wood Street. Here some of us fell 
18, 1660. to handicap, a sport that I never knew before. 

The Mitre in Wood Street was destroyed in the Great 
Fire of 1666. Mitre Court lies between Wood, Gresham, 
Milk Streets, and Cheapside. He frequented also the Mitre 
in Fenchurch Street, likewise a victim to the Great Fire, but 
soon after rebuilt. Its site is marked by Mitre Chambers, 
ISTo. 157 Fenchurch Street. 

Still another Mitre of Pepys's was that in Fleet Street 
near Temple Bar see (Johnson, p. 169). 

A favorite tavern of his was the Leg, in King Street, 
Westminster, which at that time, as has been shown, extended 
through the precincts of Whitehall Palace to Charing Cross. 

With Mr. Creed and More to the Leg in the Palace to dinner, 
Diary Apr. "^^i^h I gave them, and after dinner, I saw the girl of 

6. 1661. the house, being very pretty, go into a chamber, and I 
went in after her and kissed her. 

This morning going to my father's I met him, and so 
June 21, he and I went and drank our morning draft at Sam- 
son's, in Paul's Church Yard. 

Of the Dolphin, * near my house,' which was then in 
Seething Lane, no trace is left ; and no hint is given as to 
its site. 

At noon with my wife by appointment, to dinner at the Dol- 
phin, with Sir W. Batten, and his lady and daughter Matt, and 
Captain Cook and his lady, a German lady but a very great 



1632-33-1703.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 237 

beauty, and we dined together, at tlie spending of some wagers 
won and lost between him and I ; and then we had the best 
musique and very good songs, and were very merry and pi^ry j^oy 
danced. But, after all our mirth comes a reckoning ^2, I66i. 
of £4, besides 4s of the musicians which did trouble us, but it 
must be paid and so I took my leave and left them there about 
eight o'clock. 

We all went to the Three Cranes Tavern, and Diary, Jan. 
though the best room in the house is such a narrow ^^' 1661-62. 
dogg-hole that it made me loath my company and victuals, and a 
sorry poore dinner it was, too. 

This was probably the Three Cranes in the Yintry, in 
Queen Street, Upper Thames Street. 

In Covent Garden to-night going to fetch home my wife, I 
stopped at the Great Coffee House there, where I never p. , _ , 
was before . . . and had I had time then, or could at 3, 1663-64. 
other times, it will be good coming thither, for there I perceive 
is very witty and pleasant discourse. 

This was Will's Coffee House, in Eussell Street, Covent 
Garden, corner of Bow Street (see Addison, p. 7). 

He also frequented the Fleece Tavern in Covent Garden, 
where on one occasion he 'staid till late, very merry.' It 
stood on the corner of York Street and Brydges Street, 
afterwards Catherine Street. 

To a little ordinary in Hercules' Pillars Alley, the Diary, 
Crowne, a poor sorry place and there dined and had a 1666-67.' 
good dinner. 

At noon my wife came to me at my tailor's and I ^^^^'^ 

•^ . "^ April 30, 

sent her home, and myself and Tom dined at Hercules' i669. 
Pillars. 

Hercules' Pillars Alley was on the south side of Fleet 
Street, near St. Dunstan's Church. In Strype's time, — be- 
ginning of the eighteenth century, — this street was almost 
entirely 'given up to such as keep pnblick houses.* It has 
been built over for many years. 



238 SAHUBL riPYS. [1632-33-1703. 

To the Cock in Fleet Street, No. 201,^^ and to the Cock 
in Suffolk Street, Hay market, of which latter now no trace 
is left, he often went with his wife, Mrs. Knipp, and other 
ladies of his acquaintance. 

Diary, Thence by water to the Temple and there to the 

1668^ ^^' Cocke Alehouse and drank and eat a lobster and sang 

and were mighty merry. 
Did walk to the Cock at the end of Snffolke Street, where I 
_. never was, a great ordinary mightily cried up, and 

March 15, there bespoke a pullet and while dressing he and I 

walked into St. James's Park, and thence back and 
dined very handsome, with a good soup and a pullet for 4s 6dy 
the whole. 

On the 17th of January, 1659-60, he writes : 'I went to 
the Coffee Club and heard a very good discourse.* This was 
the Rota Club, which met at the Turk's Head, in New 
Palace Yard, — an inn that has long since disappeared. 

Pepys's face was also well known at the 'Beare Inn, 
Southwark, at the foote of London Bridge.' It was 'op- 
posite the end of St. Olave's Church in Tooley Street,' 
and was taken down in 1761. Other places of his re- 
sort were, — the Blue Bells, in Lincoln's Inn Fields ; 
Carey House, in the Strand, near the Savoy ; the Castle 
Tavern, * by the Savoy near Exeter House,' which stood in 
Bull Inn Court, No. 407 Strand, as late as 1846; Chate- 
lines, the French house, in Covent Garden; the Devil 
Tavern, near Temple Bar (see Ben Jonson, p. 76); the 
Goat Tavern, in Charing Cross ; the Golden Eagle, in New 
Street, between Fetter Lane and Shoe Lane; the Golden 
Lion, near Charing Cross ; the Heaven Tavern, in Lindsay 
Lane, Westminster, the site of the Committee Rooms of the 
House of Commons, — ' went to Heaven with Sudlin, and I 
dined' (Hell and Paradise were neighboring inns); the 
King's Head, Fleet Street, opposite Chancery Lane ; the 



1632-33-1703.] SAMUEL PEPYS. 239 

King's Head in Tower Street ; the King's Head opposite 
the church in IsHngton ; the Pope's Head in Chancery 
Lane ; the Pope's Head in Pope's Head Alley, running from 
No. 18 Cornhill to No. 73 Lombard Street (this was in 
existence as late as 1756); the Quaker, in the Great Sanc- 
tuary, Westminster, on the site of which the Sessions House 
was built; the Rhenish Wine House, on the south side of 
-Cannon Eow, Westminster (see Locke, p. 197) ; the Ehenish 
Wine House, in the Steel Yard, Upper Thames Street, on 
the site of which the Cannon Street Station has been built 
(the Steel Yard lay between All Hallows Lane and Cousin 
Lane) ; the Rose, in Russell Street, Covent Garden (portions 
of Drury Lane Theatre stand on its site) ; the Star, in 
Cheapside ; the Sun in King Street, Westminster ; the Sun 
' behind the Exchange ; ' the Sun in New Fish Street (Fish 
Street Hill) ; the Sun in Chancery Lane ; the Swan in Old 
Fish Street; the Swan in Fenchurch Street; the Three 
Tuns, ' in Charing Cross,' — probably the inn of that name 
which stood on the site of No. 66 Bedford Street, Strand, 
near the corner of Chandos Street ; the White Horse Tavern, 
in Lombard Street ; and the World's End, Knight sbridge, — 
* a drinking place near the Park.' 

None of these now remain, and the exact site of many of 
them it is not possible to discover. Besides the foregoing, 
he mentions scores of taverns by name, but gives no hint 
as to where they stood. 



240 ALEXANDER POPE. [1688-1744. 

ALEXANDER POPE. 

1688-1744. 

'T~^HAT Pope was a native of London, there seems to be no 
-■- question ; but the exact spot of his birth has never 
been definitely settled. Johnson says his father was a linen- 
draper, who dwelt in the Strand. John Timbs believes 
that he was born in Old Broad Street, in the parish of St. 
Bennet Fink, where his father — a merchant, not a trades- 
man — had his abode ; but, according to Spence, — and this 
is the generally accepted authority, — he was born in Plough 
Court, Lombard Street, and in 1688. Plough Court, oppo- 
site No. 37 Lombard Street, contains now none but the most 
modern of business houses ; and in Old Broad Street is no 
building dating back to Pope's time. 

Pope, a delicate child, was never thoroughly well, al- 
though he lived past middle age. He is said to have 
inherited his crookedness of person from his father, and his 
delicacy of constitution and fretfulness of temper from his 
mother, who was a victim to headaches. Johnson declares 
that his weakness of body continued through life, although 
the mildness of his mind — if it ever was mild — ended with 
his childhood. 

Pope went to school at Marylebone, and afterwards at 
Hyde Park Corner, where he lisped in numbers. Later in 
life his address for a short time was ' at Mr. Digby's, next 
door to ye Golden Ball, on ye second terras in St. James's 
Street ; ' and a letter to him, extant, is addressed to * Bridge- 
water House in Cleveland Court, St. James's.' A modern 
Bridge water House was built upon its site in 1845. The 
pleasant old house No. 9 Berkeley Street, Piccadilly, opposite 
Devonshire House, is said to have been a home of Pope's. 



1688-1744.] ALEXANDER POPE. 241 

We are glad to be able to point out the site of tbe London resi- 
dence of the great poet Pope. He lived at one time at No. 9 
Berkeley Street, close to his friend Lord Burlington ; 
and it was here, possibly, in 1715, on the eve of his LoMon, 
departure to his quiet retreat at Twickenham, that he p^pcadm 
composed his ' Farewell to London.' We are assured 
that in the lease of this house the name of Mr. Alexander Pope 
occurs as a former tenant. From the poet it passed into the 
hands of General Bulkley, who died at an extreme old age. A 
late occupant of the house well remembered that whenever the 
General visited it after it had ceased to be his own, it was his 
invariable habit to observe, with an air of respectful interest, ' This 
is the house Mr, Alexander Pope lived in.' 

Pope is believed to have spent a year or two at Chiswick, 
and on good authority, although Faulkner in his ^ Chiswick,' 
does not mention the fact. His father, dying in 1717, 
was buried in Chiswick Churchyard ; and portions of the 
Hiad, it is said, were written on the backs of letters ad- 
dressed to 'Mr. Pope at his house in ye New Buildings, 
Chiswick.' New Buildings, afterwards Mawson Row, a 
group of five three-storied red brick houses, on the west 
side of Chiswick Lane, at the corner of Mawson Lane, and 
half-way between the River and the Manor House, were 
unaltered in 1885. 

Pope lived at the famous villa at Twickenham for a quar- 
ter of a century, and died there in 1744. 

The villa — or villakin, as Swift called it — was much smaller 
when Pope took it than when he left it. In 1717 it comprised only 
a central hall with two small parlors on each side, and 
corresponding rooms above. He left it a brick centre n^n^d-Book 
of four floors with winsfs of three floors, each story with ?*'*^.^ , 

o ' '' Environs of 

a single light towards the Thames. . . . After Pope's London : 
death his villa was sold to Sir William Stanhope, ham. 
brother to the Earl of Chesterfield, who added wings to 
the house, and enlarged and improved the garden, greatly to the 
disgust of Walpole. 

16 



242 ALEXANDEli TOm. [1688-1744. 

This house was destroyed early in the nineteenth century. 
The present 'Pope's Villa' (1885) is entirely different in 
character, and does not even stand on the site of the original 
building. The Grotto, however, still remains.^^ 

Pope was buried in a vault in the middle aisle of Twick- 
enham Church, near the east end of the aisle. 

The ' Essay on Man ' is said to have been written at 
Bolingbroke House, Battersea. A portion of the west wing 
of this building was standing as late as 1885, on Mill 
Wharf, Church Road, Battersea, and was used as a residence 
by the foreman of the mill of Dives & Co., to whom the 
property belonged, the carved chimney-pieces and frescoed 
ceilings remaining intact. On the front of the wing over- 
looking the river was the famous cedar room in which Boling- 
broke and Pope so often sat ; the floor, walls, and ceiling of 
cedar still as redolent as a century and a half before. 

Pope was also a frequent visitor of Bolingbroke at Dawley 
Court, in Harrington, Middlesex, not very far from Twicken- 
ham. Only one wing of the house remains. It stands 
between the Great Western Eailway, on the south, and the 
Grand Junction Canal, on the north, and is about half a 
mile east of Hayes Station and twelve miles from Hyde 
Park Corner. 

Pope's taverns were the Bedford, in the Piazza, Covent 
Garden (see Churchill, p. 51); the Upper Flask, Hamp- 
stead Heath (see Addison, p. 9) ; and Slaughter's, which 
stood in St. Martin's Lane, three doors from Newport Street, 
but was taken down in 1843, when Cranbourne Street was 
cut through that section of the town to make a thorough- 
fare between Coventry Street and Piccadilly. H. R. Haweis, 
in his chapter on Handel in his ' Music and Morals,' associ- 
ates Pope with another inn the identity of which is not very 
clear, as Regent Street did not exist until seventy-five years 
after Pope's death. He says : — 



1688-1744.] ALEXAimEU TOV% 24S 

As Handel enters the * Turk's Head/ at the corner of Regent 
Street, a noble coach and four drives up. It is the Duke of 
Chandos, who is inquiring for Mr. Pope. Presently a deformed 
little man in an iron-gray suit, and with a face as keen as a razor, 
hobbles out, makes a low bow to the burly Handel, who, helping 
him into a chariot, gets in after him, and they drive off together 
to Cannons, the Duke's mansion at Edgeware. There they meet 
Mr. Addison, the poet Gay, and the witty Arbuthnot, who have 
been asked to luncheon. The last number of the ' Spectator ' lies 
on the table ; and a brisk discussion arises between Pope and 
Addison, concerning the merits of the Italian Opera, in which 
Pope would have the better if he only knew a little more about 
music, and could keep his temper. 

Among the traditions of Will's Coffee House, at the corner 
of Bow and Eussell Streets, Covent Garden (see Addison, 
p. 7), is one to the effect that Pope was carried there in his 
youth to see and worship Dryden, whose works he even 
then greatly admired, and who was for some years the 
autocrat of that establishment. As Pope was born in 1688, 
and as Dryden died only twelve years later. Pope could have 
been little more than a child when this interview took 
place, if it took place at all. 

Pope was a member of different clubs, of more or less 
renown. 

Whilst deeply engaged in his translation of Homer, Pope fre- 
quently relaxed from his labors by a visit to town. . . . The 
dissensions which arose amongst the ministers before j^^^^^^,^ 
the death of Queen Anne, and which Swift strove in Life of 

1 1 T • -It • n J.^ Pope, 1715. 

vain to reconcile, had interrupted the meetings oi the 
political society called the October Club ; but another associa- 
tion had been formed, which was known by the name of the 
Scriblerus Club, and of which Swift, Parnell, Arbuthnot, and 
Gay were members. At both these places Pope found himself 
a welcome guest ; and as temperance and regularity were not 
the habits of the times, he was probably led into indulgences 



244 KICHABB PORSOif. [1769-1808. 

inconsistent no less with his infirm constitution than with his 

usual course of life. 

The October club was a club of country members of 

hS Hand- Parliament, of about the time of Queen Anne, about 

Book of Q^Q hundred and fifty in number, Tories to the back- 
London : , -T-. n r» 1 1 

October bone. . . . They met at the Bell, aiterwards the 
Crown, in King Street, Westminster. 

King Street originally ran from Charing Cross to the 
Palace of Westminster, past or through the grounds of the 
Palace of Whitehall, and although very narrow and badly 
paved, was the chief thoroughfare between the two points. 
The formation of Parliament " Street after the destruction of 
Whitehall in 1698 wiped out a large part of King Street, 
and the new Public Offices have left but a short portion 
of what remained. No Crown or Bell exists to-day. The 
Scriblerus Club had no proper home of its own, but met at 
some of the many taverns in St. James's Street or Pall 
Mall. 



EIOHAED POESOIsr. 

1759-1808. 

T) ORSON'S first home in London, when he arrived from 
-*- Cambridge in 1791 or 1792, was at No. 5 Essex Court, 
Middle Temple, where he remained for some years, and 
where, putting out his candle in the midst of a prolonged 
debauch, he is described as staggering downstairs to relight 
it, and after many vain attempts uttering his famous curse 
against 'the nature of things.' 

He had a temporary home, when he chose to avail him- 
self of it, in the house of his friend Perry, in Lancaster 
Court, Strand, According to some authorities. Person was 



1759-1808.] RICHARD PORSOJJf. 245 

married in 1795 in the Church of St: Martiu-in-the-Fields, 
although no record of such marriage is to be found there. 

In 1805 Porson was appointed principal Librarian to the 
London Institution, then at No. 8 Old Jewry. The building 
was destroyed by fire in 1863, and banks and business 
offices were built upon its site. He had apartments in the 
Instituiton, and died there in 1808. He was buried in 
Cambridge. 

Among his places of bucolic resort were the African 
Coffee House, in St. Michael's Alley, — a short passage at 
the side of St. Michael's Church, Cornhill, w^here was, in 
1885, a West Indian but no African Tavern ; and the 
Turk's Head, No. 142 Strand (see Johnson, p. 170). 

I afterwards used to meet Porson every night at the Turk's 
Head in the Strand, where he retained his devotion to j ^^^ 
brandy and water, and often tired the company with Taylor's 

,. .if.Ti> 1 p -n i • •j_ Records of 

nis recital oi a burlesque parody oi Pope s exquisite my Life, 
poem of ' Eloisa and Abelard,' 

The Cider Cellar, at No. 20 Maiden Lane, near Bedford 
Street, Covent Garden, which has now disappeared, was the 
spot to which his footsteps more frequently and more fondly 
turned. It was opposite the house (No. 26 Maiden Lane) 
ill which Turner the painter was born ; and the Adelphi 
Club, No. 21 A, Maiden Lane, stood on its site in 1885. It 
was what is called ' an all-night tavern,' and famous for its 
cider ; hence its name. What Porson considered one of the 
greatest compliments ever paid to him was the remark of 
one of his boon companions of this place, that 'Dick can 
beat us all, — he can drink all night, and spout all day.' 



246 MATTHEW PRIOR. [1664-1721. 



MATTHEW PEIOR 

1664-1721. 

'in HE first traces of Prior in London are at the Rummer 
Tavern, kept by his uncle, and described by Peter 
Cunningham as ' a famous tavern two doors from Lockitt's, 
between Whitehall and Charing Cross, removed to the 
water side of Charing Cross in 1710, and burnt down 
November 7, 1750.' 

Lockitt's Ordinary stood on the site of Drummond's 
Banking House in Spring Gardens, and in an old map, , 
dated 1734 and published in Smith's 'Antiquities of West- 
minster,' Rummer Court, unquestionably the site of the 
famous hostelry, is shown to have been situated between 
Buckingham Court and Cromwell Place. The Ship Tavern, 
at No. 35 Charing Cross, with an entrance into Spring 
Gardens, standing in 1885, is a direct descendant of the 
Rummer. 

This uncle of Prior, into whose kindly hands he fell 
when his father's death left him a small boy without home, 
sent him to Westminster School (see Churchill, p. 51), 
under Dr. Busby, and after giving him a moderate educa- 
tion there, received him into his own family at the Rummer 
Tavern. Here he attracted the attention of the Earl of 
Dorset, who was so much pleased with the lad and his pro- 
ficiency in the classics that he defrayed the expenses of his 
University course. 

Prior's London home was in ' Duke Street, Westminster, 
facing Charles Street.' Duke Street, afterwards called 
Delahay Street, has been greatly changed since Prior's day. 
Facing Charles Street is now a gate of St. James's Park, and 



1664-1721,] MATTHEW PRIOR. 24T 

Charles Street itself forms the southern boundary of the 
new Government Buildings. 

On July 30, 1717, Prior wrote to Swift : — 

I have been made to believe that we may see your revered 

person this summer in England. If so, I shall be glad 

f + ^ 1-u^u \ Works of 

to meet you at any place ; but when you come to Swift : 

London, do not go to the Cocoa Tree, but come imme- ence^ m7. ' 

diately to Duke Street, where you shall find a bed, 

a book, and a candle ; so pray think of sojourning nowhere else. 

Prior's taverns were the Cocoa Tree, in St. James's Street 
(see Addison, p. 7) ; the Smyrna, in Pall Mall, the site of 
which cannot now be discovered ; the Palsgrave Head, on 
Palsgrave Place, Strand, between Devereux Court and Shanet 
Place, since entirely removed and covered by the modern 
Palsgrave Restaurant, No. 222 Strand ; and the Star and 
Garter, the meeting-place of the Brothers' Club, which stood 
at No. 44 Pall Mall on the north side, and upon the site 
of which a modern public house, bearing the same name, 
has been built. 

Prior was also too often to be found in less creditable 
society and in less reputable neighborhoods. Johnson 
shows him to have deserted the company of Bolingbroke, 
Pope, and Swift in order to smoke a pipe and to drink with 
a common soldier and his wife in Long Acre. The woman 
is said to have been the original of the beautiful * Chloe ' of 
his poem ; and, according to Pope, * he used to bury himself, 
for whole days and nights together, with this poor, mean 
creature.' 



248 BRYAN WALLER PROCTER. [1787-1874. 



BRYAN WALLER PROCTER 

(barky CORNWALL). 
1787-1874. 

PROCTER knew nothing of London until 1807. In 1816 
he was living in Brunswick Square. After his mar- 
riage in 1824 he occupied the upper part of a house in 
Southampton Row, not far from Red Lion Square, — the 
scene, at that time, of his daily labors ; but in the next year 
he removed to the house of Mr. and Mrs. Basil Montague, 
No. 25 Bedford Square, on the north side, where in 1825 
Adelaide Procter was born. 

When Adelaide was a child the Procters lived ' in a little 
gothic cottage opposite Sir Edwin Landseer's, at No. 5 Grove 
End Road, St. John's Wood.' No little gothic cottage is 
standing there now which answers this description. No. 5 
Grove End Road was called Salisbury House in 1885, but 
was not opposite Sir Edwin Landseer*s. The numbers had 
not been changed since 1840. 

Later, and for a number of years, their home was at 
No. 13 Upper Harley Street, Cavendish Square, where they 
entertained, in a modest but delightful way, many distin- 
guished men and women. Upper Harley Street has since 
been called Harley Street, and renumbered. The Procters* 
house still stood on the east side, but was numbered 38 in 
1885. In 1861 they went to No. 13 Weymouth Street, Cav- 
endish Square, where, thirteen years later, ' Barry Corn- 
wall ' died. He was^ buried at Finchley. The Weymouth 
Street house has also been renumbered. It stood on the 
north side, near Beaumont Street. 



1552-1618.] SIR WALTER RALEIGH. ' 249 

SIK WALTEE RALEIGH. 

1552-1618. 

T3 ALEIGH is said to have been a- member of the Middle 
Temple, but this is merely traditional ; and as he de- 
clared at his trial that he had never read a word of law until 
he entered the Tower, it is believed that he had no connection 
with the Temple as a student, although he might have 
lived there before he took possession of Durham House, 
which was his town residence for twenty years. It stood 
between the Strand and the Thames ; the Adelphi Terrace 
was built upon its river front, and Durham Street perpetu- 
ates its name. It was taken from him on the accession of 
James. 

Durham House was a noble palace. After he [Raleigh] came 
to his greatness he lived there, or in some apartments of it. I 
well remember his study, which was on a little turret ^u^rey^g 
that looked into and over the Thames, and had the Lives of 

. . Eminent 

prospect which is as pleasant, perhaps, as any in the Persons : 
world, and which, not only refreshes the eie-sight, but ^^^ 
cheers the spirit (and to speak my mind) I believe enlarges an 
ingeniose man's thoughts. 

Two old houses at Islington, which were standing at the 
beginning of the present century, had traditional associa- 
tions with Raleigh. These were the Queen's Head Tavern, 
marked by Queen's Head Lane, Islington, and the Pied Bull. 

The old Queen's Head has been coupled with the name of Sir 
Walter Raleigh, who is said, if not to have built, at Lg^ig^g 
least to have patronized and frequented, the house ; Fj^^^y^ °^ 
and from the circumstance of his having in the thir- vol. iv. 
tieth year of Elizabeth's reign [1588] obtained a patent ^' 
* to make lycenses for keeping of taverns a,nd retailing of wynes 



250 SIB WALTER RALEIGH. [1552-1618. 

througliout Englande,' further conjecture has been hazarded that 
this was one of the houses so licensed by him, and that the sign 
of the Queen's head was adopted in compliment to his Royal 
Mistress. 

A Queen's Head Tavern, built in 1830, stood in 1885 in 
Essex Road, on the corner of Queen's Head Street, Isling- 
ton, on the site of Raleigh's house. 

On the west side of Church Row, near Islington Green, at the 
corner of a footway (now closed up by new houses) leading 

into the Back Road, was recently standing [1829] the 
Londoniana, Pied Bull Inn. This was originally a country villa, 
^° ' ^^" erected probably a few years previous to the decease of 

Queen Elizabeth; and, according to a long-current tradition, it 
was once the residence of the brave Sir Walter Raleigh. 

The present tenant [1740] of the Pied BuU Inn affirms that 
his landlord was possessed of some old account books, by which 

it appears, beyond all doubt, this house and fourteen 
Raleigh, acres of land now let at about £ 70 per annum, did 
London, belong to Sir Walter Raleigh, and that the oldest man 
^'^^^' in this parish would often declare that his father had 

told him Sir Walter proposed to wall in that ground with intention 
to keep some of his horses therein. 

According to -the parish records, 'a manservant of Sir 
Walter Raylie from Mile End' was buried in Stepney 
Church, August 25, 1596, from which it is inferred that 
Raleigh lived at that time in the parish. 

Raleigh's first experiences of the Tower were in 1592, 
when he incurred the displeasure of Elizabeth by his devo- 
tion to one of her ladies of honor, Elizabeth Throgmorton, 
whom he afterwards married. After the death of the Virgin 
Queen in 1603 he was sent to the Tower by her successor, 
where he was confined for twelve years. Lady Raleigh was 
permitted to share her husband's imprisonment for some 
time; and here, in 1605, their son Care w was born. Raleigh 
is thought to have occupied the second and third stories of 



1552-1618.] SIR WALTER RALEIGH. 251 

the Beauchamp Tower, and to have been confined in the 
Bloody Tower and the Garden House. Here he studied 
chemistry, and discovered the cordial to which his name 
was attached ; wrote several works upon diiierent subjects ; 
and published, in 1614, his 'History of the World.* 

Baleigh passed the night before his execution in the Gate 
House, Westminster (see Burke). 

A cousin of his coming to see him, Sir Walter, finding him sad, 
began to be very pleasant with him, whereupon Mr. Thynne 
counselled him : ' Sir, take heed you goe not too 
muche upon the brave hande, for your enemies will ufeot ^^ * 
take exceptions at that.' ' Good Charles,' quoth he, ^^1^^?^, 
' give me leave to be merry for this is the last merri- 
ment that ever I shall have in this worlde, but when I come to 
the last parte, thou shalte see I will looke on it like a man,' and 
so he was as good as his worde. 

He was beheaded in Old Palace Yard on the 29th of Octo- 
ber (Old Style), 1618. Thomas Birch, in a sketch of Raleigh, 
prefixing an edition of his works, published by Dodsley at 
the Tully's Head in Pall Mall in 1751 (see Akenside, p. 11), 
gives the following account of his execution : — 

Then, having put off his Gown and Doublet, he called to the 
Executioner to shew him the Axe ; which not being presently 
done, he said : ' / pry the let me see it. Dost thou think that I am 
afraid of it f ' And having it in his Hands he felt along the 
Edge of it, and smiling said to the Sheriff, ' This is a Sharp Medi- 
cine, but it is a Physician for all Diseases.' Then going too and 
fro on every side of the Scaffold he desired the Company to pray 
to God to assist him, and strengthen him. The Executioner, 
kneeling down and asking his Forgiveness, Sir Walter, laying his 
Hand upon his Shoulder granted it ; and being ask't which Way 
he would lay himself on the Block, he answer'd, ' So the Heart he 
right it is no matter which Way the Head lies.' As he stoop'd to 
lay himself along, and reclin'd his Head; his Face being towards 
the East, the Executioner spread his own Cloak under him. 
After a little Pause he gave the Sign that he was ready for the 



252 SAMUEL RICHARDSON. [1689-1761. 

Stroke, by lifting up his Hand, and his Head was struck off by- 
two Blows, bis Body never shrinking nor moving. • His Head was 
shewn on each Side of the Scaffold, and then put into a red 
Leather Bag, and with his Velvet Night Gown thrown over, was 
afterwards conveyed away in a Mourning Coach of his Lady's. 
His Body was interred in the Chancel of St. Margaret's Church 
in Westminster, but his Head was long preserv'd in a case by his 
Widow, who surviv'd him twenty-nine years, and after her Death 
by his Son Carew, with whom it is said to have been buried at 
West Horsley in Surrey. 

Seeing a dim light in St. Margaret's Church near by, I entered 
the old temple, and found the boys of the choir at their rehearsal, 
William and presently observed on the wall a brass plate which 
3"^v ^t!^ announces that Sir Walter Raleigh was buried here in 

English ° 

Rambles : the chancel after being decapitated for high-treason in 
Ciiurchesof the Palace Yard outside. Such things are the sur- 
London. p^jges of this historical capital, — the exceeding great 
reward of the wanderer's devotion. This inscription begs the 
reader to remember Raleigh's virtues as well as his faults, — 
a plea, surely, that every man might well wish should be made for 
him at last. . . . This church [St. Margaret's, Westminster] con- 
tains a window commemorative of Raleigh, presented by Americans, 
and inscribed with these lines by Lowell : — 

* The New World's Sons, from England's breast we drew 
Such milk as bids remember whence we came ; 
Proud of her past, wherefrom our future grew, 
This window we inscribe with Raleigh's name.' 



SAMUEL EICHAEDSON. 

1689-1761. 

ALTHOUGH it is not recorded in the earlier biogra- 
phies of Richardson, and although, strangely enough, 
he does not mention the fact himself, in the autobiographical 



1689-1761.] SAMUEL RICHARDSON. 253 

fragment contained in one of his published letters, Richard- 
son was a pupil of Christ-Hospital (see Coleridge, p. 57). 
His name is to be found in the list of distinguished 'Blues' 
in Staunton's 'Great Schools of England.' He received 
here * only common school learning ; ' and at the age of six- 
teen, by his own choice, he was apprenticed to Mr. John 
Wilde, of Stationers' Hall, a printer, with whom he served 
seven years. After the expiration of his time he worked as 
a compositor for five or six years, when he opened an estab- 
lishment of his own in the centre, and later in the north- 
west corner, of Salisbury Court, afterwards Salisbury Square, 
Fleet Street, where he lived and transacted business for 
many years, keeping his office there even after he moved 
to more quiet homes in the suburbs of the West End of 
London. 

The Square retains now none of the features familiar to 
the novelist, or to Johnson, Hogarth, and the worthies who 
were so often his guests there. 

In town [1755] he took a range of old houses, eight in number, 
which he pulled down, and built an extensive and commodious 
range of warehouses and printing-offices. It was still 
in Salisbury Court, in the northwest corner, but it ^^{(j^^^" 
is at present [18021 concealed by other houses from Life of 

^ . . . Richardson, 

common o]3servation. The dwelling-house, it seems, 

was neither so large nor so airy as the one he quitted ; and 
therefore the reader will not be so ready, probably, as Mr. Rich- 
ardson seems to have been, in accusing his wife of perverseness 
in not liking the new habitation as well as the old. 'Every- 
body ' (he says) ' is more pleased with what I have done than 
my wife.' 

Portions of 'Sir Charles Grandison' are believed to have 
been written in Lovell's Court, opening from No. 1 9 Pater- 
noster Eow, which in later years was devoted entirely to 
the printing, binding, and publishing of books. 



254 SAMUEL RICHAKDSON. [1689-1761. 

While the celebrated Richardson, the author of ' Grandison,' 
' Clarissa,' etc., was living, a Mr. Alderman Brydges had a dwell- 
ing-house and handsome garden in this court, which 
Antiquarian having the conveniency of an alcove, Richardson, as a 
London.^ ^^ friend to the alderman, is said to have written several 
of his works in this retired spot. The garden has been 
built up and considerably retrenched during some years past. 

No trace of any garden in Lovell's Court remains. 

Richardson's first country home was Selby House, after- 
wards called The Grange, at North End, Hammersmith. It 
had been divided into two mansions even in Richardson's time, 
one of which in 1885 was occupied by the artist Edward 
Burne-Jones ; and it stood on the east side of what had 
lately been called West Kensington Road, opposite Grove 
Terrace, and between Hammersmith Road and Edith Villas. 
The house in 1885 was little changed, and much of Rich- 
ardson's garden was left intact. 

He lived in a kind of flower-garden of ladies. ... He had 
generally a number of young ladies at his house, whom he used 
to engage in conversation on some subject of sen- 
bauid?'^' timent, and provoke, by artful opposition, to display 
R^V^d ^^® treasures of intellect they possessed. . . .^ He used 
to write in a little summer-house or grotto [at North 
End], as it was called, within his garden, before the family 
were up ; and when they met at breakfast he communicated the 
progress of his story, which by that means had every day a fresh 
and lively interest. ... In the middle of the garden, over 
against the house, we came to a kind of grotto, where we rested 
ourselves. It was on this seat, Mr. Le Fevre told me, that 
' Pamela,' ' Clarissa,' and ' Grandison ' received their birth ; I 
kissed the inkhorn on the side of it. 

In 1755 he removed to Parson's Green, Fulham. 

On the site of the house which terminates Pitt's Place [Parson's 
Green], and which is now [1816] occupied as an academy by Dr. 
Taylor, stood an ancient mansion whicli formerly belonged to 
Sir Edward Saunders in 1682. The building, which was of a 



1763-1855.] SAMUEL ROGERS. 265 

venerable character, and had in front a porch with seats on either 
side, was rendered interesting as having afforded a resi- 
* dence to Samuel Richardson, the celebrated novelist. London'and 
Mr. Richardson removed hither from ISTorth End in Middlesex, 

vol. V 

1755, and is said to have here written his novel of 

' Clarissa Harlowe ; ' but that work was really published in 1748. 

The house stood on the south side of, and directly facing, 
Parson's Green, between Peterborough Plouse (on the east) 
and Cromwell Lodge (on the west). On the site of its 
garden stood, in 1885, Albyn House and the Duke's Head 
Tavern. No trace of it is left, and the character of the 
Green has entirely changed. 

Richardson died of apoplexy, July 4, 1761, iji this house 
in Parson's Green, and was buried, at his own request, by 
the side of his first wife, in the Church of St. Bride, in 
Fleet Street. A large stone in the pavement of the mid- 
dle aisle, near the centre of the church, and by the side of 
the pews numbered 12 and 13 in 1885, records the fact 
that he lies beneath it. The parish, during the century or 
more that has elapsed since his death, has not had interest 
enough in the Father of the English Novel to erect a tablet 
to his memory; and the stone above him, placed there by 
the loving hands of his family, is concealed from the public 
by the coarse matting that generally covers it. 



SAMUEL EOGEES. 

1763-1855. 

A LTHOUGH Rogers was a thorough Londoner, his homes 
in the metropolis m\ 
Newington Green in 1763. 



in the metropolis were very few. He was born at 



256 SAMUEL ROGEKS. [1763-1855. 

[Newington Green] is built round with houses evidently of a 
considerable age. There are trees and quietness about it still 
William [1845]. In the centre of the south side is an old house, 
Howitt's standing back, which is said to have been inhabited by 

TTOTTIPQ 9T1(T 

Haunts of Henry VIII. At the end next to Stoke Newington 
Poets^ stands an old Presbyterian chapel, at which the cele- 

Rogers. brated Dr. Price preached, and of which afterwards 

the husband of Mrs. Barbauld was minister. Near this chapel 
De Foe was educated. In this Green lived, too, Mary WoU- 
stonecraft, being engaged with another lady in keeping school. 
Samuel Rogers was born in the stuccoed house at the southwest 
corner, which is much older than it seems. Adjoining it is a 
large old garden. 
^ . , Rogers was born in the first house that presents itself 

Lewis s o ^ -I T 

Islington, on the west side [of Newington Green], proceeding 
p. 321, note, from Ball's Pond. 

This house is no longer standing ; a row of new brick shops 
occupies its site, — almost the only modern innovation in 
1885 in the old-fashioned, respectable, substantial square. 
The Green itself was still enclosed by an old wooden paling, 
and few of its surrounding houses bear date later than the 
early part of the present century. 

In 1792, while living here, Rogers published his 'Pleas- 
ures of Memory.' He left this neighborhood about the 
year 1795, when he took chambers in the Temple, which he 
occupied for five years. 

Rogers, like the elder D'Israeli, aspired to lay his youth- 
ful poems at the feet of Dr. Johnson, and went to Bolt 
Court, a few years before the old man's death, for that 
purpose ; but he got no further than the door, the first blow 
of the knocker sending him and his companion out of the 
neighborhood of the Lion in a panic from which they did 
not recover until they were well up the Strand. 

After leaving the Temple, Rogers lodged for a short time 
in Princes Street, Hanover Square j but he took possession 



1763-1855.] SAMUEL ROGERS. 257 

of the famous house No. 22 St. James's Place, St. James's 
Street, in 1800, where he lived for more than half a century, 
and where he gathered about him the brightest intellects of 
his time. 



What a delightful house it is ! It looks out on the Grreen Park 
just at the most pleasant point. The furniture has been selected 
with a delicacy of taste quite unique. Its value does j. .„ 
not depend on fashion, but must be the same while the Letters of 
fine arts are held in any esteem. In the drawing- lay, vol-. L 
room, for example, the ehimney-pieces are carved by ^ ^^^' ^^" 
Flaxman into the most beautiful Grecian forms. The bookcase 
is painted by Stothard, in his very best manner, with groups from 
Chaucer, Shakspere, and Boccaccio. The pictures are not nu- 
merous, but every one is excellent. The most remarkable object 
in the dining-room is, I think, a cast of Pope, taken after death 
by RoubiUiac. 

I forgot who introduced me to Mr. Rogers in the year 1820. 
He lived then, and until his death, in St. James's Place. It 
was not in a Avide street, but it looked on to the Green p^ogter's 
Park. Upon the whole, I never saw any house so RecoUec- 

^ ' "^ . tions of 

tastefully fitted up and decorated. Everything was Men of 
good of its kind, and in good order. There was no 
plethora, no appearance of display, no sign of superfluous wealth. 
. . . His breakfast-table was perfect in all respects. There was 
not too much of anything; not even too much welcome, yet no 
lack of it. 

Rogers is silent, and, it is said, severe. When he does talk he 
talks well, and on all subjects of taste his delicacy of expression 
is pure as his poetry. If you enter his house, his 
drawing-room, his library, you of yourself say this is ary^Nov^^' 
not the dwelling of a common mind. There is not a ^?' ^^^^ • 

° _ _ Moore s 

gem, a coin, a book thrown aside on the chimney-piece. Life of 
his sofa, his table, that does not bespeak an almost 
fastidious elegance in the possessor. But this very delicacy must 
be the misery of his existence. Oh, the jarrings his disposition 
must have encountered through life ! 

17 



258 NICHOLAS KOWE. [1673-1718. 

Rogers died in St. James's Place, December 18, 1855. His 
house — No. 22, a charming residence — was unchanged 
in 1885, and unmarked by any tablet, although, with the 
exception of Holland House (see Addison, p. 3), it is perhaps 
the most interesting in London, on account of its literary 
associations. 

The tomb of Eogers is in the northeast corner of Hornsey 
Churchyard. 

Eogers was a member of Bobus Smith's i King of Clubs,' 
which met at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Strand, * extend- 
ing from Arundel Street eastward to Mitford Lane, in the 
rear of the south side of the Strand' (see Johnson, p. 170). 
The Whittington Club, No. 37 Arundel Street, was after- 
wards built upon its site (see Jerrold, p. 155). He was also 
one of the early members of the Athenseum, built on the 
site of the Courtyard of Carlton House, Waterloo Place,, 
and Pall Mall. 



NICHOLAS EOWE. 

1673-1718. 

"pOWE is said to have received his early education at 
-*-^ the Highgate Grammar School (see Coleridge, p. 59), 
and is known to have been a pupil of Dr. Busby at West- 
minster School (see Churchill, p. 51), where he was 
chosen King's Scholar in 1685. In 1689 he was entered as 
a student in the Middle Temple. But little is recorded of 
his life in London, except that in his later years he lived 
in King Street, Covent Garden, where he died. 

Rowe died the 16th of December, 1718, in the forty-fifth year 
of his age, and was buried the 19th of the same month in West- 



1696-97-1743.] EICHAED SAVAGE. 259 

minster Abbey, in the aisle where many of our English poets are 
interred, over against Chancer ; his body being attended ^ . ^ , 
by a select number of his friends, and the Dean and wood's Life 
choir officiating at his funeral. 

Rowe frequented, among others, the Cocoa Tree Tavern, 
ISTo. 64 St. James's Street. 

The anecdotes connected with the Cocoa Tree when it was 
really the 'Wits' Coffee House' would fill a volume. One of 
them may be quoted here. Dr. Garth, who used often 
to appear there, was sitting one morning in the NewLon- 
coffee-room, conversing with two persons of 'quality,' chap^xiii^^' 
when the poet Rowe, who was seldom very attentive 
to his dress and appearance, though fond of being noticed by 
great people, entered the door. Placing himself in a box nearly 
opposite to that in which the Doctor sat, Rowe looked constantly 
round with a view to catch his eye ; but not succeeding, he desired 
the waiter to ask him for the loan of his snuff-box, which he knew 
to be a valuable one, set with diamonds, and the gift of royalty. 
After taking a pinch he returned it, but again asked for it so re- 
peatedly that Garth, who knew him well, and saw through his 
purpose, took out a pencil and wrote on the lid two Greek charac- 
ters, ^ and P, — ' Fie ! Rowe ! ' The poet's vanity was mortified, 
and he left the house. 



RICHARD SAVAGE. 

1696-97-1743. 

"piCHARD SAVAGE was born in Fox Court, Holborn, 
-■-^ January 16, 1696-97, and was baptized on the 18tb 
of the same month by the rector of St. Andrew's Church, 
Holborn, as Richard Smith. 

Such was the beginning of the life of Richard Savage. Born 
with a legal claim to honor and to affluence, he was in two months 



260 RICHARD SAVAGE. [1696-97-1743. 

illegitimated by the parliament, and disowned by his mother, 
doomed to poverty and obscurity, and launched upon 
Lives of the the ocean of life only that he might be swallowed by 
Savage. i^s quicksands or dashed upon its rocks. 

In 1885 the west end of Fox Court near Gray's Inn Road 
was torii down; but nearer Brooke Street were still standing 
many miserable, wretched tenements, two centuries old, in 
any one of which the cruel mother might have given life to 
her unhapp}?^ son. 

The site of the shoemaker's stall in Holborn, where 
Savage worked as a youth, is unknown, nor is there any 
record as to where he lodged or lived. 

Savage first met Johnson at Cave's, in St. John's Gate 
(see Johnson, p. 157); and a favorite tavern of his was the 
Cross Keys, in that neighborhood. It stood on the east side 
of St. John's Street, opposite the entrance of St. John's 
Lane, and facing the Gate. A modern Cross Keys Inn at 
IS^os. 16 and 18 St. John's Street has been erected on its site. 
He frequented the Crown in King Street, Cheapside, which 
has disappeared, and in 1727 he went to Button's (see 
Addison, p. 6) to receive the seventy guineas which were 
subscribed by a number of gentlemen for his relief from 
distress. He is then believed to have been lodging some- 
where in Westminster. 

Of ' Eobinson's Cofifee House, near Charing Cross,' in which 
occurred the unfortunate broil which brought great subse- 
quent trouble to Savage, there is no trace now. Johnson 
gives the following account of the affair :-r- 

Merchant, with some rudeness, demanded a room, and was told 
that there was a good fire in the next parlor, which the company 
were about to leave, being then paying their reckoning. Mer- 
chant, not satisfied with this answer, rushed into the room and 
was followed by his companions. He then petulantly placed 
himself between the company and the fire, and. soon afterwards 



1771-1832.] SIR WALTER SCOTT. 261 

kicked down the table. This produced a quarrel ; swords were 
drawn on both sides, and one, Mr, James Sinclair, was killed. 
Savage, having likewise wounded a maid that held him, forced his 
way with Merchant out of the house. 

They v/ere committed to the Gate House at Westminster 
(see Burke, p. 27), and afterwards to Newgate, and were 
tried at the Old Bailey. Savage was sentenced to deat^h, 
but subsequently pardoned. What became of the petulant 
Mr. Merchant, who was convicted of manslaughter only, is 
not known. 

Savage was familiar with all the disreputable taverns of 
his day, and was to be seen, too, in some of the more re- 
fined resorts. One of his experiences with Steele is thus 
described : — 

Almost adjoining and to the east of Apsley House, formerly 
stood a noted inn, the Pillars of Hercules. . . . The space be- 
tween the Pillars of Hercules and Hamilton Place 

Tp o Q A 'a 

[Hyde Park Corner] was formerly occupied by a row London, 
of mean houses, one of which was a public house PJccadiUy. 
called the Triumphant Chariot. This was in all prob- 
ability the 'petty tavern' to which the unfortunate Richard 
Savage was conducted by Sir Richard Steele, on the occasion of 
their being closeted together for a whole day composing a hurried 
pamphlet which they had to sell for two guineas before they 
could pay for their dinner. 



SIE WALTER SCOTT. 

1771-1832. 

OCOTT, on one of his earliest visits to London, in 1803, 
^^ wrote to Ballantyne from * 15 Piccadilly, West,' the 
house of Charles Dumergues, surgeon dentist to the Royal 
Family. 



262 SIR WALTER SCOTT. [1771-1832. 

Lockhart's I should Hot omit to say that Scott was attended on 
Life of Scott. |.jjjg ^pjp -^j g^ ^g ^^Yi terrier named Camp. 

Piccadilly has been renumbered. The Dumergiies lived 
in the house afterwards No. 96 Piccadilly, corner of White- 
horse Street, which was unchanged in 1885 ;^^ and this was 
Scott's usual abiding-place in town until his daughter Mrs. 
Lockhart had a house of her own at No. 24 Sussex Place, 
fronting Regent's Park, between Hanover Gate and Clarence 
Gate, to which to invite him. 

During the sqjouMi [in London] of 1809 the homage paid 
Scott would have turned the head of any less gifted man of emi- 
^.,, nence. It neither altered his opinions nor produced 
Scott, vol. i. the affectation of despising it ; on the contrary, he re- 
ap. XIX. ceived it, cultivated it, and repaid it in his own coin. 
* AH this is very flattering,' he would say, ' and very civil ; 
and if people are amused with hearing me tell a parcel of old 
stories, or recite a pack of ballads to lovely young girls and gap- 
ing matrons, they are easily pleased, and a man would be very 
ill-natured who would not give pleasure so cheaply conferred.' 

In 1826 Scott was lodging at No. 25 Pall Mall, when he 
wrote in his Diary : — 

Oct 17. — Here I am in this capital once more, after an April 
meeting with my daughter and Lockhart. Too much 

Scott, voL §^^^f i^ °^^^ fi^s* meeting to be Joyful, too much 

11. chap. pleasure to be distressing ; a giddy sensation between 
the painful and the pleasurable. . . . Oct. 23. — Sam 

Rogers and Moore breakfasted here, and we were very merry 

fellows. 

*' This house, on the north side of Pall Mall, between John 
Street and Waterloo Place, has been rebuilt. 

Scott, in his occasional visits to London, 'was to be found 
in all the best houses and in the most enjoyable society. 
He breakfasted with Rogers in St. James's Place (see 
Rogers, p. 258), frequented the shop of Mr. Murray, No. 50 



1771-1832.] . SIR WALTER SCOTTv 263 

A, Albemarle Street, where he first met Byron, in 1815 (see 
Byron, p, 34), and was welcome at the clubs. 

During the later years of his life he stopped at the 
Waterloo Hotel, Nos. 85 and 86 Jermyn Street ; at Long's, 
No. 16 New Bond Street, where he had his last meeting 
with Byron (see Byron, p. 34), both unchanged in 1885 j^ 
and at the St. James Hotel, No. 76 Jermyn Street, on the 
south side between Bury and Duke Streets, since a Turkish 
Bath Establishment, from whence in 1832 he was taken to 
Abbotsford to die. 

When I saw Sir Walter [Dr. Ferguson writes], he was lying in 
the second-floor back room of the St. James Hotel in Jermyn 
Street, in a state of stupor from which, however, he 
could be roused for a moment by being addressed. . . . scott, vol. 
I think I never saw anything more magnificent than ^^^f ^^' 
the symmetry of his colossal bust, as he lay on -the 
pillow with his chest and neck exposed. ... At length his con- 
stant yearning to return to Abbotsford induced his physicians to 
consent to his removal ; and the moment this was notified to him 
it seemed to infuse new vigor into his frame. 

The St. James Hotel, No. 76 [Jermyn Street], on the south 
side, was the last London lodging of Sir Walter Scott. Here he 
lay for a period of three weeks after his return from _ 

•^ ... Cunning- 

the Continent, either in absolute stupor or in a wak- ham's Hand- 
ing dream. The room he occupied was the second- Loudon: 
floor back room ; and the author of this collection of gtr^t.'^ 
London memoranda delights in remembering the uni- 
versal feeling of sympathy exhibited by all (and there were many) 
who stood to see the great novelist and poet carried from the 
hotel to his carriage on the afternoon of the 7th of July, 1832. 
Many were eager to see so great a man ; but all mere curiosity 
seemed to cease when they saw the vacant eye and prostrate 
figure of the illustrious poet. There was not a covered head, 
and the writer believes — from what he could see — ^hardly a 
dry eye, on the occasion. 



264 WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. [1564-1616. 

THOMAS SHADWELL. 

Circa 1640-1692. 

T ITTLE more is known of the London life of William the 
•^-^ Tliird's Poet Laureate than that he was a member of 
the Middle Temple, lived at one time in Salisbury Court, 
now Salisbury Square, Fleet Street (see Richardson, p. 253), 
and in Church Lane, afterwards Church Street, Chelsea, 
where he died. He was buried in St. Luke's Church, 
Chelsea ; but no tablet records the fact, and his grave is 
unknown. 

Mr. Shadwell died the 19th December, 1692, in the fifty- 
, second year of his age, as we are informed by the in- 

tives of scription upon his monument at Westminster Abbey, 
vol. m.^:*^^^' although there may be some mistake in that date, for 
ShadweiL ^^ ^g ^^^^ -^^ ^-j^e titlepage of his funeral sermon, 
preached by Dr. Nicholas Bray, that he was interred in Chelsea 
on the 24th November of that year. 



WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. 

1564-1616. 

SHAKSPERE left Stratford-on-Avon for London about 
1585, when, according to tradition, he became con- 
nected in some way with one of the then existing theatres, 
perhaps holding the horses of the gentlemen who patronized 
the Red Bull, in Red Bull Yard, now Woodbridge Street, St. 
John's Street, Clerkenwell (see Davenant, p. 75). He was, 



1564-1616.] WILLIAM SHAKSPEEE. 265 

however, more likely a player at the Blackfriars House, which 
was built in 1576, upon the ground now called Play House 
Yard, Ludgate Hill, and the site of which, according to 
Doran, 'is occupied by Apothecaries' Hall [ISTo. 84 Water 
Lane, between Carter Lane and Pla,y House Yard] and some 
adjacent buildings.' The theatre was restored twenty years 
later, when Shakspere and Burbage were interested in its 
management, but was destroyed during the Commonwealth 
and never rebuilt. 

That Shakspere was afterwards a householder in the 
neighborhood of the Blackfriars Theatre, there is no ques- 
tion. In the Guildhall Library is preserved the original 
deed of conveyance of a house bought by him and described 
as ' abutting upon a streete leading down to Puddle Wharffe 
on the east part right against the King's Maiesty's Ward- 
robe.' This property in his will he bequeathed and devised 
unto his daughter Susannah Hall. Major James Walter, in 
his 'Shakspere's Home and Rural Life' (page 70), says: 
*A house is [1874], or was till lately, pointed out near 
St. Andrew's Church as having been that which belonged to 
Shakspere ; but this is only a matter of popular tradition.' 

The Church of St. Andrew-by-the- Wardrobe, built by 
Wren after the Great Fire, and, of course, of later date 
than Shakspere's time, stood in 1885 in the modern Queen 
Victoria Street, between St. Andrew's Hill and Wardrobe 
Terrace. 

Wardrobe Place, Church Entry, Ireland Yard, and Play 
House Yard still perpetuate the memory of this part of 
Blackfriars as it was in Shakspere's day ; but everything 
else is changed. In 1885, around the wretched and forsaken 
burial-place, which is all that is left of St. Anne's Church, 
Carter Lane, — destroyed in the Great Fire, and never rebuilt, 
— was a fragment of stone wall, probably the only stones 
left standing in that parish which Shakspere may have seen. 



266 WILLIAM SHAKSPERB. [1564-1616. 

Ireland Yard is believed to have been so called from the 
William Ireland mentioned in this deed of Shakspere's 
house as ' being now or later in the tenure or occupation 
of it/ 

Shakspere, early in his London career, was associated with 
the Globe Theatre on the Bankside, which was built in 1594, 
and was under the management of the same company as the 
Blackfriars, but on the other side of the Thames and not far 
from the southern end of Old London Bridge. It was used as 
a sort of suburban or summer theatre until it was destroyed 
by fire in 1613. Maps and plans of Old London show it to 
have stood in the yard of the Globe Tavern, w^hich was 
approached by Globe Alley, an offshoot of Maid Lane, after- 
wards New Park Street. Its exact site seems to have been 
in the establishment of the famous Brewery of Barclay and 
Perkins, and directly behind the houses which in 1885 were 
numbered 13, 15, and 17 Southwark Bridge Road, standing 
on the east side of that thoroughfare, nearly opposite Sum- 
ner Street. Globe Alley, Deadman's Place, and a number of 
other streets and lanes often trod by Shakspere have been 
entirely demolished in the frequent extensions of the premi- 
ses of the great firm of brewers (see Johnson, p. 163), 

Knight, in his ' London,' says that Shakspere lived as late 
as 1609 in the street since known as Clink Street, South- 
wark. In 1885 it extended from St. Mary Overy's Wharf 
to Bankend and the railway-crossing. Malone believes his 
Southwark abiding-place to have been ' near the Bear Gar- 
dens in the liberty of the Bishop of Winchester,' just west 
of Winchester Park, the site of which is now marked by 
Winchester Street and Winchester Yard. The Bear Gar- 
dens in 1885 was a short street running from No. 27 Bank- 
side to No. 58 Park Street, between the Southwark Bridge 
Crossing and Emerson Street. This was on the exact site of 
the Bear Gardens existing during the reigns of the Tudors 



1664-1616.] WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. 267 

and the Stuarts, as is shown by comparison with old maps 
and plans of South wark. It is composed of modern build- 
ings, and its character is entirely changed. It contained in 
1885 a White Bear Inn. 

As for the baiting of bulls and bears, they are to this day 

much frequented, namely, in Bear Gardens on the Bankside, 

wherein be prepared scaffolds for beholders to stand 

:r 1111 Stow's 

upon. . . . Now to return to the west bank there be Survey of 

two bear gardens, the old and new places, wherein be Edition'of 

kept bears, bulls and other beasts to be baited, as also •^^^^• 

mastiffs, in several kenels, nourished to bait them. These bears 

and other beasts are then baited in plots of ground, scaffolded 

about for the beholder to stand safe. 

Slender. Why do your dogs bark so ? Be there bears i' the 
town? 

Anne. I think there are, sir ; I heard them talked of. 
Slender. I love the sport well, but I shall as soon Merry 

Wives of 

quarrel at it as any man in England. Y"ou are afraid Windsor, 
if you see the bear loose, are you not ? scene i. 

Anne. Ay, indeed, sir. 

Slender. That 's meat and drink to me now. 

Clifford. Are these thy bears ? We '11 bait thy bears to death, 

And manacle the bear- ward in their chains, „ „ ,,t 

_ ' 2 Henry VI., 

If thou dar'st brins; them to the baiting-place. act v. 

. scene 1. 

Richmond. Oft have I seen a hot o'erweening cur 

Bun back and bite because he was withheld. 

Who, being suffer'd with the bear's fell paw. 

Hath clapp'd his tail between his legs, and cried. 

Edmond Shakspere, a brother of the bard, and an actor 
at the Globe, shared, perhaps, his Bankside home. The 
Parochial Monthly Accounts of St. Saviour's, Southwark 
(see Fletcher, p. 107), still preserved, contain in the proper 
place the following entry : ' 1607. December 31st; Edmond 
Shakspere, a player, buried in the church, with a forenoone 
knell of the great bell.' His grave is unknown, although a 



268 WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. [1564-1616. 

few years ago, upon a stone in the pavement of the choir of 
the old church, were engraven his name and the date of his 
death. 

The connection of William Shakspere with South wark is one 
of the most unquestionable facts in his biography. His brother, 
as we have seen, was buried in the church. His thea- 
History of tre was the ' Gloabe upon Banckside/ Close to it, 
vSlI""' but rather more to the westward, was the Rose, another 
chap. X. theatre. A little further in the same direction was 
two ' pitts ' for bear-baiting and bull-baiting ; and the locahty is 
still [1883], or was very lately, known as the Bear Gardens, and is 
so marked on many maps. Another old name still extant is that 
of the Falcon Dock, close to which stood the Falcon Tavern, 
which is said to have been patronized by Shakspere and his com- 
pany'. Paris Garden was exactly on the spot now covered by the 
southern approaches of Blackfriars Bridge. If the modern vis- 
itor, therefore, wishes to identify the place where Shakspere 
played, he cannot do better than take the train from Charing Cross 
to Cannon Street, and when he has crossed the line of the 
Chatham and Dover Railway, he is in the classical region of 
Bankside. Looking towards the river he will see St. Peter's 
Church, immediately beyond which, a little to the right, were the 
bull and bear pits. The train then crosses the Southwark Bridge 
Road, on the right-hand side of which, looking from the railway, is 
Barclay and Perkins' Brewery. It covers the site not only of the 
Globe, but also of the Rose, the Hope, and various other places of 
a similar kind, which existed here from before Shakspere's time 
until all theatres were abolished by the Commonwealth. 

In 1598 one William Shakspere was assessed five pounds 
on a house in the parish of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate Street, 
which he is believed to have occupied himself. There is no 
certainty that this was the Shakspere, although he was 
unquestionably familiar with that neighborhood, and with 
the adjacent Crosby Hall, the most important house in the 
parish, which has carefully been restored and is an inter- 
esting specimen of the domestic architecture of the fifteenth 



1664-1616.] WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. 269 

century (see More, p. 223). It figures in Shakspere's 
'Eichard III.' as Crosby Place : 'At Crosby Place, then, 
shall you find us both.' In Shakspere's day it was occu- 
pied by the mother of his friend Pembroke, who, as the 
subject of all verse, is not unlikely to have entertained 
there the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage, the 
soul of the age in which she lived (see Sydney). 

Then have you one great house called Crosby Place, because the 
same was built by Sir John Crosby, grocer and woolman. . . . 
The house he built of stone and timber, very large and gtow's 
beautiful and the highest at that time in London Survey of 

t5 London, 

[1466]. . . . Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and Lord Edition of 
Protector, afterwards King, by the' name of Richard 
III., was lodged in this house. . . . From this Crosby Place up to 
Leaden Hall Corner, and so down Grass Street, amongst other 
tenements are divers fair and large built houses for merchants 
and such like. 

Crosby Place, or Hall, the Church of St. Saviour, where 
it is to be supposed, naturally, that he was present at the 
burial of his brother ; and Middle Temple Hall, where 
* Twelfth Night ' is known to have been produced in 1601, 
when Shakspere was probably an on-looker or director, — 
are the only buildings still standing in London which are 
in any way — and even these only by inference — asso- 
ciated with him. 

Venerable Hall of the Middle Temple, thou art to our eyes 
more stately and more to be admired since we looked upon that 
entry upon the Table Book of John Manningham ! preface to 
The Globe has perished, and so has the Blackfriars. j^j'^jJ^^^J 
The works of the poet who made the names of these Edition of 
frail buildings immortal need no association to rec- 
ommend them, but it is yet pleasant to know that there is one 
locality remaining where a play of Shakspere's was listened to by 
his contemporaries, and that play ' Twelfth Night.' 



270 WILLIAM SHAKSPERE. [1564-1616. 

Feh. 160L — At our feast we had a play called 'Twelfth Night, 
or What you will,' much like the ' Comedy of Errors,' or 
Templar's ' Menechmi ' in Plautus but most like and neere to 
Diary, that in Italian called ' Inganni.' A good practise in it 

HarleinMS. , , i i i- i • n n • -, i 

British to make the steward believe his lady-widdowe was in 

useum. j^^^ ^^^j^ j^-^ l^y. counterfayting a letter as from his 

lady, in generall termes telling him what shee liked best in 
him and prescribing his gestures inscribing his apparaile, &c. 
and then when he came to practise, making him believe they 
tooke him to be mad. 

During his London life <Bhakspere is believed to have 
been a frequenter of the Mermaid Tavern, which stood on 
the south side of Cheapside, between Bread and Friday 
Streets, and where he is said to have had his conflicts of wit 
with Ben Jonson (see Jonson, p. 176); and tradition asso- 
ciates his name with the Falcon Tavern, taken flown in 
1808. Its site, until lately, was occupied by the Falcon 
Glass Works at the end of Holland Street, Southwark, oppo- 
site the Falcon Drawing Dock ; and its name still lives in 
Falcon Docks and Falcon Wharf, Nos. 79 and 80 Bankside. 
Another tavern certainly known to Shakspere was the 
Boar's Head, in Eastcheap, the site of which is marked by 
the statue of William IV. (see Goldsmith, p. 125). It was 
a favorite tavern of FalstafF and Prince Hal. He also 
speaks of the White Hart Inn (White Hart Inn Yard, ]^o. 
61 Borough High Street in 1885): — ^ 

„„ „^ Hath my sword therefore broke through London 

2 Henry VI. 

activ. ' Gates, that you should leave me at the White Hart 
in Southwark? 

The only letter in existence addressed to Shakspere is 
now preserved at Stratford-upon-Avon. It was directed 
by Richard Quyney 'To my loveing good Ffriend and 
Countryman, Mr. W"^ Shackespere, deliver these,' and was 
written from the Bell Inn, Bell Inn Yard, Garter Lane, St. 



1792-1822.] PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY. 271 

Paul's Churchyard, — a hostelry without doubt well known 
to Shakspere himself. A comparatively modern Bell Inn, 
its direct descendant, stood upon its site in 1885. 



PEECY BYSSHE SHELLEY. 

1792-1822. 

O HELLE Y saw but little of London, which was the place 
^-^ neither of his birth nor of his death. He is known to 
have lived in a hotel in Dover Street, Piccadilly, where one 
of his children was born;-^' to have lodged at one time at ^N'o. 
90 Great Russell Street (facing the present Bury Street, — 
the southeast wing of the British Museum was built on the 
site of this house) ; at one time on the corner of Hastings 
Street and Marbledown Place, Burton Crescent, Euston Road ; 
and at 'No. 41 Hans Place, Sioane Street, in a house which 
has been raised two stories and renewed. Later he lived at 
No. 23 Chapel Street, South Audley Street, in a house also 
enlarged ; and in 1817 he was an inmate of Hunt's Cottage 
at Hampstead (see Hunt, p. 148), when Keats was their 
neighbor. 

Leigh Hunt was editing the 'Examiner,' and in spite of 
his two years' imprisonment was still liberal to the Bianchard 
backbone. For Shelley was with him, talking wild LiS*i!f "^ 
radicalism at Hampstead, or discussing the destinies i>ougias 

„ . , , . - Jerrold, 

as the two mends rode into town on the stage. chap. iii. 

Shelley was married to Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, 
December 13, 1816, in St. Mildred's Church, Bread Street, 
corner of Cannon Street ; and he wooed and won his bride in 
Old St. Pancras Churchyard, now St. Pancras Gardens, Old 
St. Pancras Road, Kentish Town, then a quiet peaceful 



272 WILLIAM SHENSTONE. [1714-1763. 

spot, where by her mother's grave (see Godwin, p. 118) 
Mary was fond of sitting with her book or her work. Of 
this marriage Godwin wrote : — 

The piece of news, however, I have to tell yon, is that I 
went to church with this same tall girl some little 
Godwin, his time ago to he married. Her husband is the eldest 
SntempT-^ son of Sir Timothy Shelley, of Field Place, in the 
raries,yoL ii. County of Sussex, Baronet ; so that, according to the 
vulgar ideas of the world, she is well married, and 
I have great hopes the young man will make her a good husband. 



WILLIAM SHENSTONE. 

1714-1763. 

OHENSTONE, at one time, lodged in Jermyn Street ; 
^ and in 1 740 dated his letters from ' the house of Mr. 
Wintle, Perfumer, near Temple Bar,' probably in Butcher 
Row (see Lee, p. 196). 

The greater part of his life was spent in Shropshire ; his 
occasional resting-place . in town being the George Coffee 
House, afterwards numbered 213 Strand, near Essex Street, 
upon the site of which a modern tavern bearing the same 
name has been erected (see Murphy, p. 227). It was at 
this inn that his ' warmest welcome ' was found. In one of 
his letters he says : — 

What do you think must be my expense, who love to pry into 
everything of the kind ? Why, truly, one shiUing. My company 
goes to George's Coffee House, where for that small subscription 
I read aU pamphlets under a three-shilling dimension. 



1751-1816.] RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN. 273 

EICHARD BEINSLEY SHERIDAN. 

1751-1816. 

"^T THEN Sheridan and Miss Linley fled to London, they 
* ^ took refuge in the house of an oilman, at the Hol- 
born end of Featherstone Buildings. The proprietor was 
the godfather of Charles Lamb, who relates in the Essay 
' My First Play,' how his father and mother were playing 
quadrille when Sheridan arrived that evening 'with his 
harmonious charge.' Featherstone Buildings, little changed 
in 1885, was opposite the Great Turnstile. 

Sheridan's first duel with Mathews, interrupted at Hyde 
Park, near the Hercules' Pillars, an inn just east of the 
present Apsley House (see Savage, p. 261), was followed by 
a second at the Castle Tavern in Henrietta Street, Covent 
Garden, of which no trace remains now. 

Sheridan was entered a student at the Middle Temple in 
1772. In 1773 he and his wife were living in Orchard 
Street, Portman Square, where he wrote ' The Rivals,' pro- 
duced in January, 1775, and 'The Duenna,' brought out 
in November of the same year. Of his home life almost 
nothing is known ; and it is only from his own letters and 
from those addressed to him, that any hint is found as to 
his divers places of abode in London. 

In 1778 his address was Great Queen Street, Lincoln's 
Inn Fields; in 1792, Lower Grosvenor Street, New Bond 
Street; in 1793, No. 10 Hertford Street, Mayfair; in 1804, 
Somerset Place, Portman Square; in 1810, Queen Street, 
Mayfair. He died in 1816 at No. J. 4 Savile Row, Burling- 
ton Gardens, in the house marked by the tablet of the 
Society of Arts; and he is supposed to have lived for a short 

18 



274 RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN. [1751-1816. 

time at No. 17 Saville Eow, where half a century later was 

carefully kept a cast of his hand, with the inscription, — 

* Good at a fight, better at a play, 
Godlike in giving ; but the Devil to pay.' 

Sheridan's ghost is believed to haunt a certain upper 
back room in this house ; and during its occupancy by the 
Sayille Club, the scratching of his pen, it is said, was often 
heard in the silence of the early morning hours. 

He was buried from the house of his friend Mr. Peter 
Moore, in Great George Street", Westminster, ' in the only 
spot that remained unoccupied in Poets' Corner.' 

In 1815 Sheridan was arrested for debt and taken to a 
' lock-up house ' in Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery 
Lane. 

February 7. — Fox never wrote his speeches, was fond of pre- 
paring them in travelling, as he said a post-chaise was the best 
Greviiie Me- place to arrange his thoughts in. Sheridan wrote and 
moirs, 1836. prepared a great deal, and generally in bed, with his 
books, pen, and ink on the bed, where he would lie all day. 

Sheridan's clubs were Brook's, — still at No. 60 St. James's 
Street in 1885, — ^ and the Eccentric, which met first in a 
tavern in Chandos Street, Covent Garden, then at the Crown 
in Vinegar Yard, Drury Lane, — taken down some years ago, 
- — and later at Tom Rees's, in May's Buildings, where it 
flourished as late as the middle of the nineteenth century. 
May's Buildings is a short street connecting St. Martin's; 
Lane with Bedfordbury. — 

Immediately after the brilliant success of 'The Rivals,' 
Sheridan was proposed by Dr. Johnson himself, and elected^ 
a member of The Club (see Goldsmith, p. 123). 

He was a frequenter of the Bedford Coffee House, in the 
Piazza, Covent Garden (see Chuechill, p. 51); the One Tun 
Tavern, in St. James's Market, Jermyn Street, near the Hay- 
market, and long since taken down ; and, according to 



1594-1666.] JAMES SHIELEY. 275 

Moore's Diary, he was in the habit of stopping at the Adam 
and Eve, opposite Holland House, where he left his bills 
to be paid by Lord Holland. 

The Adam and Eve has disappeared; but a very new 
structure in the same line of business, and bearing the old 
name, was erected on its site, in Kensington Road, near 
Shaftesbury House, and opposite Argyll Road. 

Sheridan occasionally pledged his valuables at the shop 
of one Harrison, a pawnbroker at No, 95 Wardour Street, 
renumbered 143 Wardour Street, on the corner of Edward 
Street, where, in the same old house, the business was still 
carried on under the same name in 1885. 



JAMES SHIRLEY. 
1594-1666. 

JAMES SHIRLEY, according to Anthony Wood, 'was 
born in, or near, the parish of St. Mary Woolchurch, 
where the stocks market now [1690] is.' This church, 
which stood on the site of the Mansion House, was destroyed 
in the Great Fire and never rebuilt. Shirley was educated 
at the Merchant Taylors' School, which stood on the east 
side of Suffolk Lane, Upper Thames Street, but was taken 
down when the school was removed to the Charter House 
in 1872. 

He was a member of the Society of Gray's Inn, and lived 
for some time in Gray's Inn Lane, where he wrote the 
earliest of his dramatic works. During a portion of the 
Commonwealth he was a school-teacher somewhere in White- 
friars, and was living in Eleet Street near the Inner Temple 
Gate at the close of his life. 



276 PHILIP SIDNEY. [1554-1587-8. 

Shirley's house in Fleet Street having been burnt to the ground 

in the Great Fire of 1666, he was compelled to seek refuge in the 

, J neighboring village of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, whither, 

don, vol. iii. : however, he retired only to die. As has been already 

lay s nn. j^^gj^^j^Qjj^g^j^ ^]^q ]^Qgg ^f j^jg property, added, probably, 

to the horrors of the terrible conflagration which he had witnessed, 
gave such a shock to his constitution that he survived the event 
scarcely twenty-four hours. 

Shirley and his wife, who died within a few hours of each 
other, were buried in one grave in the yard of the Church 
of St. Giles-in-the-Fields (see Marvell, p. 208). 



PHILIP SIDNEY. 

1554-1587-8. 

OIDNEY was not a native of London, although his father 
^ and grandfather lived in Threadneedle Street, where, 
no doubt, a portion of his own youth was spent. He has left 
but few traces of his life in town, except in court circles. 
He was a member of Gray's Inn, and is naturally believed to 
have been a frequent visitor at Crosby Place in Bishopsgate 
Street (see Shakspere, p. 269), when it was the residence of 
' Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother,' to whom his ' Arca- 
dia ' was dedicated, and by whom, after his death, it was 
published. 

Sidney was buried in Old St. Paul's Cathedral with no 
little pomp, his body having previously lain in state in the 
Minories after its arrival from the field of Zutphen, where his 
death-wound was received. The wooden monument erected 
to his memory was of course destroyed, with the cathedral, 
in the Great Fire. 



1775-1849.] JAMES AND HOBACE SMITH. 277 

The great Sir Philip Sidney, who was publicly buried at 

St. Paul's Cathedral in 1587, was a brother of the Nichols's 

Grocers' Company, and was attended by that livery in Piogress of 

all their formalities, who were preceded by the Lord Elizabeth, 

Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs ' rydinge in purple.' ^" " "' 

The Grocers' Hall, damaged in the Great Fire, and after- 
wards restored, stood in 1885, as it stood in Sidney's day, 
at the end of Grocers' ^all Court, opposite ]N"o. 11 Poultry. 



JAMES SMITH. 
1775-1839. 

HOEACE SMITH. 

1779-1849. 

JAMES and Horace Smith were bom at No. 36 Basinghall 
Street, London Wall, in one of the three or four old- 
fashioned houses still left in that old-fashioned street in 
1885. It stood in a small court on the east side. 

James Smith lived for some time at l^o. 18 Austin Friars, 
in a house at the end of the lane, also unaltered in 1885. 

A second James Smith, coming to the place [Austin Friars] 
after he had been many years a resident there, pro- 
duced so much confusion to both that the last comer hSifand- 
waited on the author and suggested, to prevent further LoSdon : 
inconvenience, that one or other had better leave, hint- i^H^ti" 

^ . . , * Friars. 

mg at the same tune that he should like to stay. ' No,' 

said the wit, ' I am James the First ! You are James the 

Second ; you must abdicate.' 



278 SYDNEY SMITH. [1771-1845. 

He spent the last years of his Ufe at No. 27 Craven 
Street, Strand, afterwards a private hotel, where he died. 
He was buried in the neighboring Church of St. Martin-in- 
the-Fields. 

For some years before his death he [James Smith] suffered a 

good deal from gout ; but while hobbling on his crutches, or being 

„ . wheeled about in his bath-chair, he retained an almost 

Memoirs . ' 

of the . . youthful buoyancy of mind^ referring with glee to the 
Countess of ,. " n « ,. . , ,'. . , . , 

Blessing- merry meetings ol lormer times, indulging m nis pieas- 

chai/xi^^ ant modes of jest and anecdotes, or singing with his 

nieces from morning to night. He died on the 24th 

of December, 1839, in his house in Craven Street, as he lived, a 

merry bachelor, ' with all the calmness of a philosopher,' we are 

told, but of what school we are left in ignorance. Peace, however, 

to the ashes of James Smith, which are deposited in the vault of 

St. Martin's Church. 

James Smith was a member of the Athenseum Club on 
Pall Mall, the Union Club at the southwest corner of Tra- 
falgar Square, and the Garrick, which, in his day, stood 
at No. 35 King Street, Covent Garden, but which in 1864- 
was removed to No. 15 Garrick Street, Long Acre (see 
Thackeray). 

Horace Smith was a member of the London Stock Ex- 
change. Making a moderate fortune there, he retired to 
Tunbridge Wells, where he died, and was buried, in 1849. 



SYDNEY SMITH. 

1771-1845. 

O YDNEY SMITH, who was born at Woodford in Essex, 
^^^ a few miles from London, established himself in 1804 
at No. 8 Doughty Street, Mecklenburgh Square, a house 



1771-1845.] SYDNEY SMITH. 279 

unchanged eighty years later (see Dickens, p. 82), and about 
the same time was appointed evening preacher to the Found- 
ling Hospital, where his salary was fifty pounds a year. 
Two years afterwards he removed to No. 18 Orchard Street, 
Portman Square, — a two-storied red brick house, still 
standing in 1885. 

In this house his means were slightly increased, yet he still 
remained poor. . . . But the pleasantest society at his house was 
to be found in the Mttle suppers which- he established 

, . . ,..,,. , LadyHol- 

once a week ; givmg a general mvitation to about land's Me- 
twenty or thirty persons, who used to come as they Rev^sydney 
pleased. ... At these suppers there was no attempt Smith, 
at display, nothing to tempt the palate ; but they were 
most eagerly sought after, and were I to begin enumerating the 
guests usually to be found there, no one would wonder that they 
were so. 

Here he remained until he left London for Yorkshire in 
1809. 

In 1831 he was appointed to a prebendal stall in St. 
Paul's Cathedral, and writing to a friend he says : — 

I have just taken possession of my preferment. The house is 

in Amen Corner, — an awkward name on a card, and , , 

. . . Letters and 

an awkward annunciation to the coachman on leaving Correspond- 

n 1 • 11 • T£i^ / J. J' ence of Rev. 

any lashionabie mansion, i una too (sweet discov- Sydney 
ery ! ) that I give a dinner, every Sunday for three ^^^^^> i^si. 
months in the year, to six clergymen and six singing-men, at 
one o'clock. 

The residences of the Dean and Canons of St. Paul's are 
still in Amen Court, Amen Corner, Paternoster Row. 

During Sydney Smith's many visits to London he stayed 
at Holland House (see Addison, p. 3) ; in Hertford Street, 
May fair ; at No. 20 Savile Row, Burlington Gardens ; at 
No. 18 Stratford Place, Oxford Street (unchanged in 1885) ; 
in Weymouth Street, Portland Place; etc. Between the 



280 TOBIAS SMOLLETT. [1721-177L 

years 1834 and 1839 he occupied the house No. 33 Charles 
Street, Berkeley Square, next to the corner of Queen Street, 
when he removed to jSTo. 56 Green Street, Grosvenor Square 
(No. 59 in 1885), and to this house in 1845 he was brought 
from Combe-Florey to die. 

He was buried by his own desire, as quietly as possible, in 
Kensal Green ; and his wife and son lie there by his side. 

Those who wish to make a pilgrimage to the grave of Sydney 
Smith will be glad to know that they can easily find it by follow- 
ing the north walk until they are opposite the entrance 
peid's to the Catacombs. Turning to the left at that point, 

Sydney they wdll discover, in the fifth row from the walk, a 

cS^xi?*^' ^^^^^^ tomb of Portland stone. . . . With the solitary 
exception of a small painted window iti the church at 
Combe-Florey, the grave in Kensal Green is the only memorial to 
Sydney Smith which England has to show. 

Smith was a member of the King of Clubs, founded by 
his brother, which met at the Crown and Anchor in the 
Strand (see Rogers, p. 258) ; and of The Club (see Gold- 
smith, p. 123, and Johnson, p. 167), to which he was elected 
in 1838. 



TOBIAS SMOLLETT. 

1721-1771. 

OMOLLETT came first to London in 1739, and describes 
^^ his journey hither in ' Roderick Random,' a novel 
which is believed to be in a great measure autobiograph- 
ical. His first settled home was in Downing Street, where 
in 1744 he was practising, or seeking to practise, as a sur- 
geon. In 1746 he was in humble lodgings in Curzon 



1721-1771.] TOBIAS SMOLLETT. 281 

Street, Mayfair; and in 1747 he married and took a more 
pretentious liouse, where he lived beyond his means, and 
wrote ' Roderick Random,' pubhsbed by Osbom^ne in Gray's 
Inn Lane, in 1748. In 1750 he went to Chelsea, where he 
lived until he left England never to return. 

His Chelsea home, called Monmouth House, stood at the 
end of Lawrence Street, at the junction of Upper Cheyne 
Row, — a large double house, still remembered in the parish, 
and taken down only a few years ago. His life here is 
described by himself in ' Humphrey Clinker,' in a letter of 
Jerry Mulford : — 

Dick Ivy carried me to dine with S [Smollett], whom you 

and I have long known by his writings. He lives in the skirts of 
the town ; and every Sunday his house is open to all unfortunate 
brothers of the quill, whom he treats with beef, pudding, and 
potatoes, port, punch, and Calvert's entire butt-beer. ... I was 
civilly received in a plain yet decent habitation, which opened 
backwards into a very pleasant garden, kept in excellent order ; 
and indeed I saw none of the outward signs of authorship, either 
in the house or the landlord, who is one of those few writers of 
the age that stand upon their own foundation, wathout patronage 
and above dependence. If there was nothing characteristic in 
the entertainer, the company made ample amends for his want of 
singularity. At two o'clock I found myself one of ten messmates 
at a table ; and I question if the w^hole kingdom could produce 
such another assemblage of originals. . . . After dinner we ad- 
journed into the garden, where I observed Mr. S— — gave a 
short, separate audience to every individual, in a small remote 
filbert walk, from whence most of them dropped off, one after 
another, without further ceremony ; but they were replaced by 
other recruits of the same class, w^ho came to make an afternoon's 
visit. 

Monmouth House was the original Lawrence Manor 
House. Its gardens have entirely disappeared ; the play- 
grounds of the new Board School covering their site. 



282 THOMAS SOUTHEENE. [1660-1746. 

From internal evidences, and from the dates of publica- 
tion, * Humphrey Clinker ' and ' Sir Launcelot Greaves ' were 
written in Chelsea. ' Peregrine Pickle ' was ' Printed for the 
Author at Plato's Head, near Round Court, in the Strand, 
in 1751,' and was probably written in London. 

Plato's Head was on the north side of the Strand, nearly 
opposite Buckingham Street. Round Court, which extendeo 
back to the present King William Street, disappeared in 
1829, when the Strand Improvement Act was carried into 
effect. 

Smollett frequented all the coffee-houses of his day, — 
Tom's, Will's, the Cocoa Tree, etc. (see Addison) ; but his 
favorite tavern was that to which his fellow-Scotchmen, in 
their clannish way, were wont to go, — the British Coffee 
House, in Cockspur Street (still standing in 1885), between 
Warwick Street and Spring Gardens.^"^ 

At Chelsea he was often to be found at Don Saltero's 
Coffee House, which stood at No. 18 Cheyne Walk, facing 
the river, and was kept as a public house as late as 1870. 
It is fully described by Steele in the ' Tatler ' (see Steele). 
In 1885 it was a private dwelling. 



THOMAS SOUTHEENE. 

1660-1746. 

OOUTHERNE was a member of the Middle Temple in 
^^ 1678, but he has left no traces of his life in London 
until his later years. 

In William Oldys's Manuscript Notes to Langbaine is to 
be found the following description of Southerne ; — 



1660-1746] THOMAS- SOUTHERI^E. 283 

■■I remember him a grave and reserved old gentleman. He lived 
near Covent Garden, and used to freq[uent the evening prayers 
there [at St. Paul's Church], always neat and decently dressed, 
commonly in black, with his silver sword and silvSr locks ; but 
latterly he seemed to reside in Westminster. 

He [Southerne] was a perfect gentleman ; he did not lounge 
away his days or nights in coffee-houses or taverns, but after 
labor cultivated friendship in home circles, where vir- 

Doran's 

tue and modest mirth sat at the hearth. , . . He kept Annals of 
the even tenor of his way, owing no man anything ; yoj i/°®' 
never allowing his nights to be the marrer of his "^^^P- ^• 
mornings ; and at six-and-eighty carrying a bright eye, a steady 
hand, a clear head, and a warm heart wherewith to calmly meet 
and make surrender of all to the Inevitable Angel. - 

Among the footnotes to an edition of Wood's ^Athense 
Oxonienses ' published in the middle of the last century, is a 
letter from Southerne dated ' From Mr. Whyte's, Oylman 
in Tothil Fields, against Dartmouth Street, 1737.* 

Southerne, the poet 

* Tom sent down to raise. 
The price of prologues and of plays/ 

lived for many years at Mr. Whyte's, an oilman's, in Tothill. 
Street, against Dartmouth Street. The house is still [1850] an 
oilman's shop. On calling there in the vear 1841, 

1 , , T . Ciuinjng- 

when the house was undergomg, as I thought, too ham's Hand- 
effectual and radical a repair, Mr. Mucklow, the then London : 
tenant, informed me that his father had the busi- gjjg^gj^ 
ness of a man named Girder, and Girder had the * 

business of a man named Whyte. He knew nothing of 
Southerne, but had seen and admired Mrs. Siddons as Isabella 
in 'The Fatal Marriage.' The house had the date of 1671 upon 
it ; and the balustraded balcony at the top was added when the 
repairs were made. 

Mr. Cunningham does not give the number of this house ; 
but the address of Mr. Mucklow the oilman, in the London 



284 ROBERT SOtTHEY. [1774-1843. 

Directory for 1840, was No. 4 Tothill Street. This build- 
ing, by that strange fatality so frequently observed, has been 
taken down,, while contemporary houses which have no lit- 
erary associations remain. In 1885, No. 4, * over against 
Dartmouth Street,' was the modern Cock Tavern, but in the 
front of it was still preserved the old stone, bearing date 
1671. 

Southeme died in Smith Street, Westminster, and was 
buried in the Church of St. Paul, Covent Garden, although 
at the present day the position of his grave is unknown 
(see Butler, p. 29). The old Church of St. Paul was 
destroyed by fire in 1795. 



KOBEET SOUTHEY. 

1774-1843. 

SOUTHEY was sent to Westminster School (see Church- 
ill, p. 51) in March, 1788 ; but nothing of interest is 
recorded of his experiences there, except that he left in dis- 
grace in 1792, because of an article he had written in a 
school magazine. In 1797 he entered Gray's Inn, his ad- 
dress being 'at Mr. Peacock's, at 20 Prospect Place, New- 
ington Butts, near London.' Prospect Place has since been 
called Deacon Street, Walworth Road. The entire neigh- 
borhood has been renamed, renumbered, and rebuilt. He 
remained then, as in later years, but a short time in town, 
and he was rarely to be seen here. In November, 1823, he 
made a visit to the Lambs, at Colebrook Cottage, Islington 
(see Lamb, p. 191), and was always a welcome guest at the 
home of Murray the publisher, No. 50 A, Albemarle Street 
(see Byron, p. 34), and at Rogers's house in No. 22 St. 



1553-1599.] EDMUND SPENSER. 285 

James's Place, St. James's Street. He is also known to 
have enjoyed the society of Lamb and Coleridge in the 
humble rooms of the Salutation and Cat, No. 17 Newgate 
Street (see Coleridge, p. 60). 

Southey's opinion of London, and of its effect upon him, 
is thus expressed in a letter written to a friend in 1806 : — 

London disorders me by over-stimulation. Company, to a cer- 
tain extent, intoxicates me. I do not often commit the fault of 
talking too much, but very often say what would be better left 
unsaid, and that too in a manner not to be easily forgotten. . . . 
And so it is that the society of any except my friends, though it 
be sweet in the mouth, is bitter in the belly. 



EDMUND SPENSER 

Circa 1553-1599. 

T 7ERY little, can be gathered of Spenser's life in London, 
^ except the vague facts that he was born in East Smith- 
field, near Tower Hill ; that he was educated at the Merchant 
Taylors' School, which then stood in Suffolk Lane, Upper 
Thames Street (see Shirley, p. 275) ; that he was often at 
Essex House, formerly Exeter House, on the site of Devereux 
Court and Essex Street, Strand (see Locke, p. 197), and at 
Leicester House, which stood on the north side of Leicester 
Square, its gardens extending back to Lisle Street ; and 
that, dying of a broken heart in King Street, Westminster 
(see Pepys, p. 233), he was buried near Chaucer, in the 
Poets' Corner, receiving a monumental stone, when dead, 
from the men who are supposed to have neglected him 
living, and to have refused him the bread for which be 
asked. 



28'6- EDMUND SPENSER; [1558-1599. 

■ It was distinctly in Spenser's poetical character that he received 
the honors of a funeral from Devereux, Earl of Essex. His hearse 

was attended by poets, and mournful elegies and poems, 
WesSinster with the pens that wrote them, were thrown into his 
^^^^y.t tomb. What a funeral was that at which Beaumont, 

Fletcher, Jonson, and in all probability Shakspere 
attended ! what a grave, in which the pen of Shakspere may be 
mouldering away ! In the original inscription, long ago effaced, 
the vicinity of Chaucer is expressly stated as the reason for the 
selection of the spot. . . . The inscription in pathos and sim- 
plicity is worthy of the author of the ' Faery Queen,' but curious 
as implying the unconsciousness of any greater than he at that 
very time to claim the title then given to him of the ' Prince of 
Poets.' 

Drummond, of Hawthornden, in his ' Conversations ' with 
Ben Jonson, quotes the latter as giving the following account 
of Spenser's death : — 

The Irish having robbed Spenser's goods and burnt his house 
and a little child new born, he and his wife escaped ; and after he 
died for lack of bread in King Street, and refused twenty pieces 
sent him by the Earl of Essex, adding he had no time to spend 
them. 

Drummond, the Father of Interviewers, is not always 
reliable in his reports of what his beloved, honored, and 
worthy friend said of Spenser or of others; and later his- 
torians are inclined to believe that Spenser's last days, 
although miserable enough, were not so utterly wretched as 
are here described. He certainly received immediate post- 
humous honors of no common kind. 



1671-1729.] BiCttARD STEELE. 287 

EICHAED STEELE. 

1671-1729. 

OTEELE, according to the baptismal register quoted by 
^^ Henry R. Montgomery in his ' Memoir ' (Edinburgh, 
1865), was'born in 1671, although nearly all earlier sketches 
of his career place the date as 1675 or 1676. He was sent to 
the Charter House in 1684, three years before Addison left 
that establishment for Oxford; and he himself did not enter 
the university until two years after his distinguished friend. 
The fact of this difference in their school course, and the 
strange fact that nowhere in the lives of either of them is 
any hint given . of their association while in the university, 
would perhaps throw some doubts upon the truth of the 
picture so charmingly painted by Thackeray, of their devo- 
tion to each other while Charter House boys (see Addison, 
p. 1), particularly as Steele, though in a lower class, was 
Addison's senior in age by more than a year. 

I am afraid no good report could he given by his masters and 

ushers of that thick-set, square-faced, black-eyed, soft-hearted 

little Irish hoy. He. was very idle. He was whipped 

, -,, , ^ . T^ .-, , . Thackeray's 

deservedly a great number of times, . . . Besides being English 

very kind, lazy, and good-natured, the boy went invari- Lecture\he 
ably into debt with the tart-woman ; ran out of bounds, IJ'ggj^' 
and entered into pecuniary or rather promissory en- 
gagements with the neighboring lollipop-Venders and pie-men, 
exhibited an early fondness for drinking mum and sack, and 
borrowed from all his comrades who had money to lend. ... 
Addison did his best themes. Addison wrote his exercises. He 
ran on Addison's messages, fagged for him, and blacked his boots ; 
to be in Joe's company was Dick's greatest pleasure, and he took 
a sermon or a caning from his monitor with the most boundless 
reverence, acquiescence, and affection. 



288 RICHARD STEELE. [1671-1729. 

Steele is said to have behaved to Addison in society with a 
marked deference, very uncommon and striking between old 

comrades, ecj^ual in age, and nearly so in all things ex- 
A^kin's Life cepting genius and conduct. In private, however, 
°ha^'^*vir'' "^^6^6 can be little doubt that they associated together 

on terms of great familiarity and confidence, and were 
frequent depositaries of the literary projects of each other. 

Of Steele's life in London until the death of his first wife, 
and his marriage to the second in 1707, not much is known. 
To his dear Prue, however, he writes from Smith Street, 
Westminster, from Chelsea, and from many coffee-houses 
and taverns, of which more anon. In October, 1707, he 
took the house which was ' the last house but two on the 
left hand of Berry [or Bury] Street, St. James's,' or, as he 
addresses her later, * at the third house, right hand turning 
out of Germain [Jermyn] Street.' Here they lived while 
in town until 1712, when they went to Bloomsbury Square. 
This Bury Street House, described by Peter Cunningham 
as standing *over against No. 20,' was taken down in 
1830. 

They remained in Bloomsbury Square, ' in the prettiest 
house, to receive the prettiest woman, his own sweet Prue,' 
for three years. In 1715 he writes to her 'at her house 
over against Park Place, St. James's Street,' where three 
years later Lady Steele died. She was buried in the south 
'transept of Westminster Abbey, near the Poets' Corner. It 
was while they were living in Park Place probably — for he 
was then described as Sir Richard Steele — that the execu- 
tion for rent gave Steele the chance of displaying his cool- 
ness under difficulties as told by Johnson in his 'Life of 
Savage : ' — 

Sir Richard Steele one day having invited to his house a great 
number of persons of the first quality, they were surprised at the 
number of liveries which surrounded the table ; and after dinner, 



1671-1729.] RICHARD STEELE. 289 

when wine and mirth had set them free from the observations of a 
rigid ceremony, one of them inquired of Sir Richard how such an 
expensive train of domestics could be consistent with his fortune. 
Sir Richard very frankly confessed that they were fellows of 
whom he would willingly be rid. And then, being asked why he 
did not discharge them, declared that they were bailiflfs, who had 
introduced themselves with an execution, and whom, since he 
could not send them away, he had thought it convenient to em- 
bellish with liveries, that they might do him credit while they 
stayed. 

Steele had numerous coimtry-houses which he occupied 
for a shorter or longer period during the summer months. 
Soon after his second marriage he bought for his wife a pretty 
little cottage at Hampton Court, which he furnished hand- 
somely, and which, by way of contrast to the Palace near by, 
he called the Hovel. In 1708 he wrote to his wife to join 
him * at the house of Mrs. Hardresse, at the Square at 
Kensington, till all things be ready for your greater ease in 
town.' And in 1712 he retired to Haverstock Hill, it is 
supposed because of financial trouble. He is said to have 
composed many papers for the ' Spectator ' here ; and no 
doubt Pope and his other friends of the Kit Kat Club 
stopped for him here to carry him to the meetings of the 
society at the Upper Flask, in Hampstead (see Addison, 
p. 9). 

Still descending Haverstock Hill, we arrive at the site of what 
was called Steele's Cottage. This cottage stood on the right-hand 
side of the road in a garden opposite to the public 
house called The Load of Hay, now [1869] modern- niwitPs 
ized, and having much the air of a gin-palace. The ^ej'ijj^™^ 
cottage called Steele's Cottage, after Sir Richard Steele, London : 

,. 1, ,..TT. TIT -,-,-, Hampstead. 

was 01 late years divided into two dwelhngs, and had 
the name of Steele's Cottage painted on the front. . . . The long 
line of the new street called Adelaide Road bounded the open 
ground at the back, at no great distance. . . . The tenants in- 
formed me that they had notice to quit, and that in about another 

19 ^ 



290 RICHABD STEELE. . [1671-1729. 

year it would be swept away. This was verified in the spring of 
1867, and Steele's Cottage now exists only in engravings. 

The Load of Hay in 1885 was numbered 94 Haverstock 
HiU. *Sir Richard Steele's Tavern,' No. 97 Haverstock Hill, 
and 'Steele's Studios,' in the same thoroughfare, perpetuate 
his name there. 

Faulkner, in his ' Chelsea,' says : * Steele appears from 
the parish books to have rented a house by the water-side 
at £14 per annum.' Its site is not known. In the reg- 
ister of Chelsea Church is recorded also the burial of one 
* Margaret, daughter of Edward Seat, from Sir Richard 
Steele's, November 12, 1715.' 

After Lady Steele's death he took a house ' in York 
Buildings,' Villiers Street, Strand; York Buildings being 
a general name for the streets and houses erected on the 
site of York House (see Bacon, p. 12). Here he seems to 
have remained until he left London finally, in 1725. He 
died and was buried at Carmarthen, Wales, in 1729. 

Not one of Steele's contemporaries was better acquainted 
than he with the coffee-houses and taverns of his day. 
Besides being a member of the Kit Kat Club, as has been 
shown, he frequented the Bull's Head Tavern, Clare Market, 
probably the tavern of that name at No. 40 Vere Street, on 
the east side, a few doors from Sheffield Street, and near 
Clare Market (it tumbled down from sheer old age in 
1875 or 1876, and a Board School was built on its site) ; 
the King's Head, Pall Mall ; the Devil Tavern, at Temple 
Bar (see Jonson, p. 175) ; the George, in Pall Mall, the 
site of which is now unknown ; Dick's, No. 8 Fleet Street, 
in existence in 1885 (see Cowper, p. 67) ; the Fountaine, 
No. 103 Strand, marked by Fountain Court until the sum- 
mer of 1884, when its name was changed to Savoy Build- 
ings (see Johnson, p. 170) ; Lloyd's, at Abchurch Lane, 
corner of Lombard Street, and no longer standing; the 



1671-1729.] EICHARD STEELE. 291 

St. James's Coffee House (see Addison, p. 7) ; the Thatched 
House, St. James's Street (see Macaulay, p. 204) ; Button's ; 
and Will's, in Russell Street, Covent Garden (see Addison, 
pp. 6, 7) ; the Trumpet, in Shire Lane (see Addison, p. 8) ; 
the Grecian, in Devereux Court, Essex Street, Strand (see 
Addison, p. 7) ; the Hercules* Pillars and the Triumphant 
Chariot, both at Hyde Park Comer (see Savage, p. 261) ; 
* Don Saltero's,' at Chelsea (see Smollett, p. 282) ; and the 
White Horse, at Chelsea. 

Being of a very spare and hective constitution I am forced to 
make frequent journies of a mile or two for fresh Air. . . . When I 
came into the Coffee House I had no Time to salute the 

r-i ^ r t-i t i Steele in 

Company before my Eye was taken by ten thousand the 'Tatler/ 
Gimcracks round the Room, and on the Ceiling, When ^\ ' 
my first astonishment was over comes to me a Sage of a thin 
and meagre Countenance ; which Aspect made me doubt whether 
Reading or Fretting made him so philosophick. But I very soon 
perceived him to be of that Sect which the Ancients called Gin- 
quistse ; in our Language Tooth-Drawers. I immediately had a 
Respect for the Man ; for these practical Philosophers go upon a 
very rational Hypothesis, not to cure but to take away the Part 
affected. My Love of Mankind made me very benevolent to 
Mr. Salter, for such is the Name of this Eminent Barber and 
Antiquary. 

Steele at Button's figures in the * Original Jest Book ' of 
Joe Miller, as one of the minor characters in a familiar tale 
localized many times since Steele's day : — 

Two gentlemen disputing about religion in Button's Coffee 
House, said one of them, ' I wonder, sir, you should talk of relig- 
ion when I '11 hold you five guineas you can't say the Lord's 
Prayer.' ' Done,' said the other ; * and Sir Richard Steele shall 
hold the stakes.' The money being deposited, the gentleman 
-began with 'J believe in God,' and so went cleverly through the 
Creed. * Well,' said the other, ' I own I have lost. I did not 
think he could have done it/ 



292 LAtlRHNCB STIEKE. £1713-1768. 

LAUEENCE STEENE. 
1713-1768. 

STERNE saw but little of London, though he dearly loved 
the sensation he created, and the attention he received 
when he first arrived in town. In 1760 he lodged in Pall 
Mall, and, according to Dr. Johnson, had engagements for 
every day and night three months ahead. His stay on this 
occasion was of little more than the three months' duration, 
but he lived alone and in lodgings for some time during 
several subsequent seasons. 

In the fragment of his life written by himself he gives no 
hint of his movements or mode of living here. 

He died on the 18th of March, 1768, at No. 41 Old Bond 
Street, 'over the silk-bag shop.' 

From the 'Travels in Various Parts of Europe, Asia, and 
Africa, by John Macdonald, 1790/ D'Israeh, in his * Literary 
Miscellanies,' quotes the following story of Sterne's death. 
Macdonald was footman to a gentleman of quality. 

'John,' said my master, 'go and inquire how Mr. Sterne is 
to-day.' ... I went to Mr. Sterne's lodgings ; the mistress opened 
the door. I inquired how he did ; she told me to go up to the 
nurse. I went into the room, and he was just a dying. I waited 
ten minutes, and in five he said, ' Now it has come.' He put up 
his hands as if to stop a blow, and died in a minute. 

The house No. 41 Old Bond Street, which was standing 
in 1885, was older than Sterne's day, and if not the actual 
house in which he died, it saw his body carried to the grave. 
Rev. W. J. Loftie, however, than whom there is no better 
authority in such matters, says ^— in his ' History of Lon- 
don ' (1883), chap. xxi. note — that Sterne's house stood on 



1713-1768.] LAtJRENCE STERNE. 293 

the site of the shop of Agnew the picture-dealer, numbered, 
in 1885, 39 B, Old Bond Street. 
Sterne was buried March 22. 

And thus duly neglected by the whole crowd of boon compan- 
ions, the remains of Yorick were consigned to the ' new burying 
ground near Tyburn,' of the parish of St. George's, 
Hanover Square. In that now squalid and long- ^eSi^^^^^^ 
decayed graveyard, within sight of the Marble Arch, ^^p. viii. : 
and over against the broad expanse of Hyde Park, Men of 
is still to be found a tombstone inscribed with some 
inferior lines to the' memory of the departed humorist, and with 
a statement inaccurate by eight months of the date of his death, 
and a year as to his age. . . . But wherever the grave really was, 
the body interred in it, according to the strange story to which I 
have referred, is no longer there. That story goes that two days 
after the burial, on the night of the 24th March, the corpse was 
stolen by body-snatchers and by them disposed to a professor of 
anatomy at Cambridge ; that the professor invited a few scien- 
tific friends to witness a demonstration, and that among them was 
one who had been acquainted with Sterne, and who fainted with 
horror on recognizing in the already partially dissected ' subject ' 
the features of his friend. 

This burial-ground of St. George's, Hanover Square, 
situated in Oxford Street, between Albion and Stanhope 
Streets, is not so wretched and deserted as Mr. Traill de- 
scribes it. It is green and well cared for. Entirely shut 
out from the streets by high walls and houses, its very 
existence unknown to the thousands who pass by it daily, it 
is as quiet, secluded, and peaceful as a country churchyard, 
and in refreshing contrast with some of the modern garish 
cemeteries of the metropolis. Sterne's memorial, a high but 
plain flat stone, stands next to the centre of the west wall of 
the grounds, under a spreading flourishing old tree, whose 
lower branches and leaves almost touch it. The inscription 
is worth preserving, and is here given entire : — 



294 JOHN SUCKLING. [1608~* 

Alas, Poor Yorick. 

Near to this Place 

Lies the body of 

The Reverend Laurence Sterue 

Dyed September 13 1768 

Aged 53 Years. 

Ah ! MoUiter, ossa quiescant. 
If a sound head, warm heart and breast humane, 
Unsully'd worth, and soul without a stain, 
If mental powers could ever justly claim 
The well won tribute of immortal fame, 
Stekne was the Man who with gigantic stride 
Mow'd down luxuriant follies far and wide. 
Yet what though keenest knowledge of mankind 
Unseal' d to him the Springs that move the mind. 
What did it boot him, Ridicul'd, abus'd 
By foes insulted and by prudes accus'd. 
In his, mild reader view thy future fate. 
Like him despise what t'were a sin to hate. 

This monumental stone was erected to the memory of the deceased 
by two Brother Masons, for although he did not live to be a member 
of their Society, yet all his uncomparable Performances evidently prove 
him to have acted by Rule and Square ; they rejoice in this opportu- 
nity of perpetuating his *high and unapproachable character to after 
ages. W. & S. 



JOHN sucKLiisra. 

1608 . 

O TICKLING was born at Whitton, in the parish of Twick- 
^^ enham. He is described by Aubrey as an extraordi- 
nary accomplished gentleman who grew famous at Court for 
his readie sparkling witt, as being uncomparably readie at 
repartying, and as the greatest gallant of his time. In 
person, according to the same authority, he was of middle 



1608 — -..j ^OHN SUCKLING. 29§ 

stature and slight strength, brisque eie, reddish fac't and 
red nose, (ill liver) his head not very big, his hayre a kind 
of sand colour. Cunningham says he lived in St. Martin's 
Lane in 1641. He died, a batchelor, in Paris, and of poyson, 
Aubrey believes, in 1646, and at the age of twenty-eight. 
Rev. Alfred Suckling, in his ' Biography' of the poet, writ- 
ten in 1836, says that the date of his death is unknown, 
although it was unquestionably earlier than 1642. 

Suckling's favorite sister is known to have lived in Bishops- 
gate Street, and he was frequently in her house there, which 
contained the original portrait of Suckling, by Vandyke, en- 
graved by Vertue, and well known to print-collectors. 

He was a frequenter of the Bear-at-the-Bridge-Foot, a 
tavern which stood at the Southwark end of Old London 
Bridge until 1761, about a hundred feet east of the present 
structure (see Pepys, p. 238) ; and Aubrey, in whose pages 
we get the fullest account of him, shows him to have been 
* one of the best bowlers of his time in England. He play'd 
at Cards rarely well, and did use to practise by himself abed, 
and there studyed the best way of managing the Cards. I 
remember his Sisters comeing to the Piccadillo, Bowling 
Green, crying for feare he should lose all their portions.* 

' Piccadillo Hall, erected in the fields beyond the mewse, 
a faire House and two Bowling Greenes ' was on the corner 
of Windmill and Coventry Streets. It stood until the end 
of the seventeenth century ; and the Argyll Rooms, No. 9 
Great Windmill Street, east side, were built upon the site of 
its tennis court. 

With all his graces and accomplishments. Suckling has 
left nothing behind him but his immortal description of the 
fair bride whose 

* feet beneath her petticoat 
Like little mice stole in and out, 
As if they feared the Hght.' * 



296 EMAmjEL SWEBENBORG. [1688-1772. 



EMANUEL SWEDENBOEa 

1688-1772. 

O WEDENBOEG received his first spiritual manifestations 
^ 'at an inn in London' in 1744.^ He had been here 
before as a student (1710 to 1713); and he made other 
and subsequent visits to town, lodging in later years at 
No. 26 Great Bath Street, Coldbath Fields, where he died 
in 1772. His house is no longer standing. No. 26 Great 
Bath Street, between Warner Street and Coldbath Square, 
on the west side of the way, was a rusty little house in 
1885, but probably not more than half a century old. The 
street has not been renumbered. 

Upon this Swedenborg raised himself up in bed, and placing 
his hand upon his breast, said with earnestness : ' Everything 

that I have written is as true as you now^ behold me ; 
History of I might have said much more had it been permitted 
cha?'^v^'^^'' ^^®- ^fter death you will see all, and then we will 

have much to say to each other on this subject.' He 
told the people of the house what day he should die ; and, as 
Shearsmith's maid reported, he was pleased with the anticipation ; 
his pleasure was, according to the maid's comparison, like that 
which she would have felt if she had been going to have a holiday 
or some merry-making. His faculties were clear to the last. On 
Sunday, the 29th March, 1772, hearing the clock strike, he asked 
his landlady and her maid, who were both at his bedside, what 
o'clock it was, and upon being answered, he said, ' It is well. I 
thank you, God bless you,' and then in a moment after he gently 
gave up the ghost. 

He is buried in the Swedish Church, Prince's Square, 
RatclifFe Highway (since called St. George's Street), a mural 
tablet recording the fact. 



1667-1745.] JONATHAN SWIFT. 297 

I give one more example of robbing tbe grave of an illustrious 
man, through the superstition of many and the cupidity of one. 
. . . In 1790, in order to determine a question raised 
in debate, whether Swedenborg was reaUy dead and i^y^ shaks^' 
buried, his wooden cotfin was opened, and the leaden pere's Bones, 
one was sawn across the breast. A few days after, a 
party of Swedenborgians visited the vault. 'Various relics' 
(says White, ' Life of Swedenborg,' 2d ed., 1868, p. 675) ' were 
carried off. Dr. Spurgin told me he possessed the cartilage of 
an ear. Exposed to the air, the flesh quickly fell to dust, and a 
skeleton was all that remained for subsequent visitors. ... At 
a funeral in 1817, Granholm, an of&cer in the Swedish Navy, 
seeing the lid of Swedenborg's coffin loose, abstracted the skull, 
and hawked it about amongst London Swedenborgians, but none 
would buy. Dr. Wahlin, pastor of the Swedish Church, recovered 
what he supposed to be the stolen skull, had a cast of it taken, 
and placed it in the coffin in 1819.' 



JONATHAN SWIFT. 

1667-1745. 

O WIFT, in his 'Journals and Correspondence,' has given 
"^^ but few hints of his various London lodging-houses, 
and these are generally indistinct and vague. He was at 
one time in King Street, between St. James's Street and 
St. James's Square ; he was the guest of Sir Andrew Foun- 
tains 'at his house in Leicester Fields,' and he speaks of 
lodging ' over against the house in Little Ryder Street,' — 
afterwards Ryder Street, — St. James's. Within a few 
months, in 1710, he is known to have occupied three 
different sets of chambers. I 

September 20. — I change my lodgings in Pall Mall for one in 
Bury Street [St. James's], where I suppose I shall continue whil?- 
in Jjondou, , , . 



298 JONATHAN SWEFT. [1667-1745. 

September 29. — I lodge in Bury Street, where I removed a week 
Swift's ^o^* ^ ■'^^^® *^^ ^^* floor, a dining and bed chamber. 

Journal to at eight shillings a week, — plaguy dear ; but I spend 
nothing for eating, never go to a tavern, and very sel- 
dom in a coach ; yet, after all, it will be expensive. . . . 

December 28. — I came home to my new lodgings in St. Alban's 
Street [Haymarket], where I pay the same rent for an apartment 
two pair of stairs ; but I have the use of the parlor to receive 
persons of quality. 

St. Alban's Street was completely demolished on the con- 
struction of Waterloo Place. It is not to be confounded 
with the present St. Albans Place, which was then Market 
Lane,, and ran to Pall Mall as an outlet of St. James's 
Market (see Baxter, p. 18). 

In 1711 Swift was lodging in Chelsea, to which village 
he frequently walked from town. 

I leave my best gown and periwig at Mrs. Van Homrigh's, 
then walk up Pall Mall, out at Buckingham House [afterwards 
Swift's Let- Buckingham Palace], and so to Chelsea, a little beyond 
ters, 1711. ^Yie church. I set out about sunset, and get there in 
something less than an hour. It is two good miles, and just 
5,748 steps. 

His house was in 'Church Lane, half a mile beyond 
Chelsea Church.' Church Lane, afterwards Church Street, 
runs from the river to Eulham Road, near which Swift must 
have lived. 

From Chelsea he removed to Sufifolk Street, Haymarket, 
to be near the Van Homrighs. 

It is not pleasant to have old places altered which are connected 

with interesting recollections, even if the place or recollection 

Lei<»h Hunt's ^® none of the pleasantest. When the houses in 

The Town, Suffolk Street were pulled down, we could not help 
cliap. IX. ■"■ . 

regretting that the abode was among them in which 

poor Miss Van Homrigh lived, who died for love of Swift. She 

resided there with her piother, the widow of a Dutch itierchantj 



1667-1745.] JONATHAN SWIFT. 299 

and had a fortune. Swift, while in England upon the affairs of 
the Irish Church, was introduced to them, and became so intimate 
as to leave his bed-gown and cassock there for convenience. He 
found the coffee also very pleasant. 

He next moved to St. Martin's Street, Leicester Fields, 
and a month later to Panton Street, Haymarket. In 1712 
he lodged for a time *in the Gravel Pits, Kensington,' — a 
name given generally, in his day and later, to the region 
north and northwest of Kensington, between Notting Hill, 
Bayswater, Kensington Palace, and Holland House, and 
since called Campden Hill. 

In 1725, when Swift returned to London after a long 
absence, he lodged for a time with Gay in Whitehall. 

Swift, lodging most probably, as we know was his habit, in 
later years in some of the suburban purlieus of St. James's, had 
already become a notable figure in this company, which 
met at Will's Coffee House, in Bow Street [see Addi- cra'^k^s Life 
SON, p. 7], or at the St. James's Coffee House [see ll^^}^' 
Addison, p. 7], where the Whigs at that time most 
resorted. . . . Those who frequented the place had been aston- 
ished, day after day, by the entry of a clergyman, unknown to any 
there, who laid his hat on the table, and strode up and doAvn the 
room with a rapid step, heeding no one and absorbed in bis own 
thoughts. His strange manner earned him, unknown as he was 
to all, the name of the ' mad parson.' 

He was equally familiar with the Smyrna at the West 
End, and with Pantock's at the City end of the town ; and, 
like so many of his contemporaries, is more easily traced to 
his clubs and to his taverns than to his homes in London, if 
his various abiding-places here can be termed homes. In 
his ' Journal to Stella,' he writes : — 

Pantock told us that although his wine was not so good, he sold 
it cheaper than others ; he took but seven shiUings a flask. Are 
Tiot these pretty rates ? 



300 • JONATHAN SWIFT. [1667-1745. 

*Pantock's was in Abchurch Lane, Lombard Street (see 
Evelyn, p. 102). The street is now composed of compara- 
tively modern business houses, and no sign of Pantock's 
remains. The Smyrna was in Pall Mall, but its position is 
unknown. 

Another of Swift's city taverns was Garraway's, which has 
long since disappeared. It stood in Change Alley, Cornhill ; 
and its site is marked by a tablet recording this fact, on a 
building facing Birchin Lane. He frequented also the Devil 
Tavern, near Temple Bar (see Jotsison, p. 175); the Foun- 
taine, No. 103 Strand, which gave its name to Fountain 
Court, called Savoy Buildings in 1885 (see Johnson, p. 170) ; 
Button's, in Russell Street, Co vent Garden (see Addison, 
p. 6); Ozinda's, 'just by St. James's;' The Globe, No. 134 
Fleet Street; and the George, in Pall Mall (see Steele, 
p. 290). 

He was a member of the October Club, which met at the 
Bell Tavern in King Street, Westminster ; the Scriblerus 
Club, which met at different West End taverns ; and the 
Brothers' Club, which gathered generally at the Star and 
Garter in Pall Mall, opposite Schomberg House (see Prior, 
p. 247). 

March 20. — I made our society change their house, and we 
met together at the Star and Garter, in the Pall Mall ; Lord 
Journal to Arran was President. The other dog was so extrava- 
Steiia, 1712. ^^^^^ ^^ j^-^ |^|jjg ^-^^^^ j:^^ ^^^^^ dishes, first and second 

courses, without wine or dessert, he charged twenty-one pounds 
six shillings and eight pence to the Duke of Ormond. 



1580-1654.] JOHN TAYLOR. 301 

JOHN TAYLOp. 

1580-1654. 

T^AYLOR was early apprenticed to a Thames waterman, 
-"- and for a number of years he was employed in some 
capacity by the governors of the Tower of London. He 
was called the Water Poet, and is said by tradition to have 
* chop'd verses ' with Shakspere, whose contemporary he 
was. He relates, in his ' Pennyless Pilgrimage,' that he set 
out from London, July 14, 1618, from 'the Bell Inn that's 
Extra Aldersgate.' It was two doors from the Barbican, 
but no sign of it now remains. In 1647 he left the Rose 
Tavern on Holborn Hill, on a pilgrimage to the Isle of 
Wight, where Charles II. was then staying. The Rose dis- 
appeared some years ago. It was on the banks of the Fleet 
River, and its site is at the steps leading to the Viaduct on 
the southeast corner of Farringdon Street. 

He died in Phoenix Alley, Long Acre, in 1654. 

John Taylor, the Water Poet, kept a tavern in this alley. One 
of his last works (his ' Journey into Wales,' 1652) he describes as 
' performed by John Taylor, dwelling at the sign of the Poet's 
Head, in Phoenix Alley, near the middle of Long Acre.' He 
supplied bis own portrait and inscription : — 

* There 's many a head stands for a sign ; 
Then, gentle reader, why not mine ?' 

His first sign was a mourning crown ; but this was too marked 

to be allowed. He came here in 1652, and, dying here 

in 1654, was buried, December 5, in the churchyard of ham's Hand- 

St. Martin- in-the-Fields. His widow, it appears from London • 

the rate-books of St. Martin's, continued in the house, Phoenix 

Alley. 
under the name of the Widow Taylor, five years after 

his death. In 1658 ' Wid(ow) Taylor 'is scored out, and ' Mons. 

Lero ' written at the side. The rate they paid was 2/2 a year. 



302 WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. [1811-1863. 

Phoenix Alley, since called Hanover Court, runs from 
No. 55 Long Acre to Hart Street. Where his tavern stood 
cannot exactly be determined ; but the old house, numbered 
6 Hanover Court in 1885, at the junction of the parishes 
of St. Paul, Covent Garden, and St. Martin-in-the-Fields, 
which undoubtedly dates back as far as the middle of the 
seventeenth century, was probably familiar to Taylor and 
his friends. 



WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKEEAY. 

1811-1863. 

npHACKERAY'S earliest experiences in London, like 
•^ those of that kindest benefactor society ever had, — 
the Addison whose name he honored ; the kind, just, sin- 
cere, impartial moralist and writer he so dearly loved, — 
were ♦of the Charter House School (see Addison, p. 1). 
He was brought from Calcutta when very young, and is 
represented by one of his schoolmates (George Venables, in 
Trollope's ' Thackeray ') as a pretty, gentle, rather timid 
boy, with no skill in games, and not much taste for them, 
popular among the boys he knew, but never very happy 
in his school associations or daily life. He was ' on the 
Foundation,' wore a gown, and lived in the school. In the 
cloisters is a tablet to his memory, next to that of John 
Leech. His last public appearance was at a Charter House 
dinner, only a few days before he died. He gave the time- 
honored Latin toast, asking the blessing of Providence upon 
the Foundation, and passed forever from the old school with 
a prayer upon his lips for its success and its perpetuity. 

When Thackeray was called to the bar in 1834, and for 
^ome years afterwards, he occupied, with Tom Taylor, 



1811-1863.] WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. 303 

chambers at ]N"o. 10 Crown Office Row, in the Temple, 
where many of his working hours were spent. This build- 
ing is no longer standing. 

He also frequently stopped at the Bedford, in Covent 
Garden (see Chukchill, p. 51). In 1837 he took his 
young wife to a house in Albion Street, Hyde Park, not 
many yards from the grave of Sterne ; and he lived there 
and in Great Coram Street, near the Foundling Hospital, 
until the failing health of Mrs. Thackeray forced him to 
give up housekeeping altogether. 

For a time he lived at No. 88 St. James's Street, in the 
building afterwards known as Palace Chambers; but from 
1847 to 1853 his home was at No. 13 (in 1885, No. 16) 
Young Street, Kensington, where he wrote 'Vanity Fair,* 
* Pendennis,' ' Esmond,' and portions of * The Newcomes.* 

I once made a pilgrimage with Thackeray (at my request, of 
course, the visit was planned) to the various houses where his 
books had been written ; and I remember, when we pieids's 
came to Young Street, Kensington, he said, with Yesterdays 
mock gravity, * Down on your knees, you rogue, for Authors ; 
.here " Vanity Fair" was penned ; and I will go down ^*^ "^^' 
with you, for I have a high opinion of that little production my- 
self.' He was always perfectly honest in his expressions about 
his own writings, and it was delightful to hear him praise them 
when he could depend upon his listeners. A friend congratulated 
him once on that touch in ' Vanity Fair ' in which Becky admires 
her husbaud when he is giving Steyne the punishment which ruins 
her for life. ' Well,' he said, ' when I wrote that sentence, I slapped 
my fist on the table, and said, " That is a touch of genius." ' 

In 1853 Thackeray took the house No. 36 Onslow Square, 
South Kensington, where he wrote ' The Virginians,' etc., and 
lived for eight or nine years. Onslow Square has been renum- 
bered. Thackeray's was one of a row of uniform three-storied 
brick houses on the south side of the Square near Sumner 
Place. Mrs. Ritchie in a private note, dated 1884, says ; -r- 



304 WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. [1811-1863. 

Our old house was the fourth, counting the end house, from 
the corner by the church in Onslow Square, the church being on 
the left hand, and the avenue of old trees running in front of our 
drawing-room windows. I used to look up from the avenue and 
see my father's head bending over his work in the study window, 
which was over the drawing-room. 

The following description of his daily life here is worth 
preserving : — 

To Onslow Square I accordingly went on the morning fixed, 

and found Mr. Thackeray in his study to receive me ; but instead 

of entering upon business in that part of the house, he 

Menufirs'of ^^^^ ^^^^ upstairs to his bedroom, where every arrange- 

my Time, ment had been made for the convenience of writing, 
chap. XI. , .1 T • . 

I then learned that he was busily occupied m preparmg 

his lectures on ' The Four Georges,' and that he had need of an 
amanuensis to fill the place of one who was now otherwise occu- 
pied. . . . Often he would light a cigar, and after pacing the 
room for a few moments would put the unsmoked remnant on 
the mantelpiece, and resume his work with increased cheerfulness, 
as if he had gathered fresh inspiration from the gentle odors of 
the sublime tobacco. It was not a little amusing to observe the 
frequency with which Mr. Thackeray would change his position, 
and I could not but think that he seemed most at his ease when one 
would suppose he was most uncomfortable. . . . Mr. Thackeray 
was in his dressing-gown and slippers, and received us in his 
bedroom, where, as I have already stated, he generally passed 
his mornings and wrote his books. His study being a small 
back-room behind the dining-room, on the ground floor, and 
being exposed to the noises from the street, he had caused hie 
writing-table and appliances to be carried upstairs to the seconc 
floor, where two rooms had been thrown into' one, the back to b-^ 
used as a sleeping-chamber, and the front, which was considerablj 
larger than the other, as a sitting-room. 

In 1862 Thackeray moved to a house he had built foi 
himself at No. 2 Palace Green, Kensington, — an imposing 
(Rouble mansion of red brick^ in bright gardens of its own^ 



1811-1863.] WILLIAM MAIOiPEACE THA^JKERAY. S05 

It is the second house on the left as one enters the gate of 
Kensington Palace Gardens, from Kensington High Street, 
but has been enlarged and changed since his day. Here he 
died on Christmas eve, 1863. 

The last words he corrected in print were : ' And my heart 

throbbed with an exquisite bliss.' God grant that on that 

Christmas eve when he laid his head back on his 

pillow, and threw up his arms as he had been wont to DjoSrfs in 

do when verv wearv, some consciousness of duty done, ^^ Cornhill 

'' *" "^ , ' Magazine, 

and Christian hope throughout life humbly cherished, January, 

may have caused his own heart so to throb when he 
passed away to his Redeemer's rest. . . . He was found peace- 
fully lying as above described, composed, undisturbed, and to all 
appearance asleep on the 24th of December, 1863. He was only 
in his fifty-third year ; so young a man that the mother who 
blessed him in his first sleep blessed him in his last ! 

Thackeray was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery on the 
30th of December, 1863. Charles Dickens, Mark Lemon, Dr. 
Russell of the ' Times,' John Everett Millais, John Leech (so 
soon to follow him and to lie by his side), Anthony Trollope, 
Robert Browning, George Cruikshank, Tom Taylor, Louis 
Blanc, Charles Mathews, Theodore Martin, and Shirley Brooks 
were among the old friends who carried him to his rest. 

Thackeray's first lectures were prepared while he was 
living in Young Street, and were delivered in the summer 
of 1851 at Willis's Rooms (formerly Almack's), No. 26 King 
Street, St. James's Street, to great crowds of the intellectual 
and social lights of the kingdom. 

Charlotte Bronte writes : — 

London, June 2 [1851]. — I came here on Wednesday, being 
sum-moned a day sooner than I expected, in order to 
be in time for Thackeray's second lecture, which was keir's Life of 
delivered on Thursday afternoon. This, as you may BrontefvoL 
suppose, was a genuine treat to me, and I was glad not "• ^^^^- ^ 
to miss it. It was given in Willis's Rooms, where the Almack 

20 



g06 WILLIAM MAKl:^iEACl THACJKIRAY. [1811-1863. 

Balls are' held ; a great painted and gilded saloon, with long 
sofas for benches. I did not at all expect the great lecturer would 
know me or notice me under these circumstances, with admiring 
duchesses and countesses seated in rows before him ; but he met 
me as I entered, shook hands, took me to his mother, whom I had 
not seen before, and introduced me. 1 

Thackeray's clubs were the Athenaeum, No. 107 Pall 
Mall, the Garrick, and the Reform, No. 104 Pall Mall. 

Thackeray was standing at the top of the steps leading into the 
Reform Club, the thumb and forefinger of each hand in his waist- 
coat pockets, as was constantly his wont, when Jerrold, 
Memoirs, a fellow-member of the club, was about to enter the 
chap. xvii. -buiifiing. i Have you heard the news ] ' inquired 
Thackeray, as Jerrold ascended the steps. 'No,' replied the 
latter. ' The Prince is dead ; poor dear Gentlewoman ! ' A. 
delicate piece of patronage bestowed by literature upon majesty 

itself. 

On the Tuesday he came to his favorite club, the Garrick, and 
asked for a seat at the table of two friends, who of course 
welcomed him, as all welcomed Thackeray. It will 
Brooks, not be deemed too minute a record by any of the 
London***^ hundreds who personally loved him, to note where he 
News, 1864. ^^^ f^j. ^he last time at tbat club. There is in the 
dining-room on the first floor a nook near the reading-room. The 
principal picture hanging in that nook, and fronting you as you 
approach it, is the celebrated one from the ' Clandestine Marriage.' 
Opposite to this Thackeray took his: seat and dined with his 
friends. He was afterwards in the smoke-room, a place in which 
he delighted. ... On Wednesday he was out several times, and 
was seen in Palace Gardens reading a book. Before the dawn of 
Thursday he was where there is no night. 

Dickens came rarely to the club ; but Thackeray was dearly 
fond of it, and was always there. I remember a speech 
Yates : Fifty of his at an annual dinner, then always held on Shak- 
LoBdo?Life. spere's birthday, in which he said, *We, the happy 
chap. ix. initiated, never speak of it as the Garrick ; to us it is 
the G., the little G., the dearest place in the world.' 



1700-1748.] JAMES THOMSON. SOf 

The Garrick Club, founded in 1831, was situated until 
1864 at No. 35 King Street, Covent Garden, on the north 
side and near the present Garrick Street. This was the only 
Garrick Club that Thackeray knew. The modern building 
at No. 15 Garrick Street, Long Acre, was not occupied until 
the year after Thackeray's death. 



JAMES THOMSON. 

1700-1748. 

WHEN Thomson first came to* London in 1725, he lived 
in humble lodgings in the house afterwards num- 
bered 30 Charing Cross, between Cragg's Court and Great 
Scotland Yard. Jesse and others believe it to have been 
the identical old round front house still standing there as 
late as 1885. Here on the first floor he spent some time 
in comparative poverty, and here he is said to have written 
part of his ' Summer.' 

Other portions of ' Summer ' were written while he was 
tutor in an academy in Little Tower Street, Eastcheap. 
This house, afterwards No. 12, has been taken down; but 
next to it, at No. 11 Little Tower Street, was, in 1885, 
the Ship Tavern, as old as Thomson's day, and well known 
to the poet. 

Later in life, when his circumstances were better, Thomson 
lived in the West End of London. 

So charming Thomson wrote from his lodgings, a milliners 
in Bond Street, where he seldom rose early enough to Mrs. Piozzi'a 
see the sun do more than glisten on the opposite win- through 
dows of the street. ^^^^' 



308 JAMES MOMSOK. [1700-1748. 

Thomson lodged for some time at Rosedale House in Kew 
Foot Lane, Richmond, not far from the Green. It has been 
greatly altered, and was in 1885 a plain red brick mansion 
near the street, with a little bit of lawn in front. ' Rosedale 
House ' was painted upon its gateposts. The gardens and 
relics of the poet, which were for many years carefully pre- 
served here, have gradually disappeared. 

He died in this house in 1748 ; and a brass mural plate at 
the west end of the north aisle of Richmond Church haa 
been placed above the spot where he lies. 

Thomson received subscriptions for the ' Seasons * at the 
Smyrna Coffee House, Pall Mall (see Swift, p. 300), and was 
a frequent guest of the Old Red Lion Tavern, in St. John's 
Roadj Islington (see Goldsmith, p. 126). , 

Another favorite suburban resort of his was ' The Doves,' 
at Hammersmith, an old-fashioned river-side public house, 
still in existence as late as 1885, at the lower end of the 
Upper Mall, and a little to the west of the Suspension 
Bridge. His name and memory are still held sacred here ; 
and on the door of the adjoining cottage, which in his 
day was part of the inn, is a well-worn, highly polished 
brass plate, upon which is engraved ' The Seasons.' It 
is believed that his 'Winter' was conceived and written in 
a room in this house, overlooking the river, when the 
Thames was covered with ice and the neighboring country 
with snow, — an assertion which Faulkner, in his 'Fulham,' 
says is well authenticated. 



1736-1812.] JOHN HORNE TOOKE. 309 

JOHN HOEKE TOOKE. 

1736-1812. 

TJ ORNE TOOKE was born in the house of his father, 

"^ John Home, a poulterer, and the ' Turkey Merchant ' 
from whom the son once claimed descent. His shop was in 
Newport Market, which stood between Great Newport, Graf- 
ton, and Litchfield Streets, Soho, but has now disappeared. 

Tooke spent two years at Westminster School (see 
Churchill, p. 51) before he went to Eton. In 1756 he 
entered the Inner Temple, and from 1760 to 1773 he was 
curate of St. Lawrence's, Brentford, six miles from Hyde 
Park Corner. 

In 1777 he was imprisoned in the Tower for his violent 
and outspoken sympa,thy with the American colonists in 
their rebellion against the mother-country. 

In 1802 Tooke retired to Wimbledon, where ten years 
later he died. His house was on the southwest corner of 
Wimbledon Commoil, — a two-storied brick cottage, still 
standing in 1885, facing the Green and backing on the 
Crooked Billet and Hand in Hand, two old inns. 

I often dined with Tooke at Wimbledon, and always found him 
most pleasant and most witty. There his friends would drop in 
upon him without any invitation. , . . Tooke latterly Rogers's 
used to expect two or three of his most intimate friends '^^^^^ '^^^• 
to dine with him every Sunday ; and I once offended him a good 
deal by not joining his Sunday dinner-parties for several weeks. 

Tooke was buried in the yard of Ealing Old Church (St. 
Mary's) under an altar tomb. 

A tomb had long been prepared for Mr. Tooke in his garden 
at Wimbledon, in which it was his firm purpose to have been 



810 EDMUND WALLER. [1605-1687. 

buried ; bitt after his decease, being opposed by his daughters 
and an aunt of theirs, his remains were transferred to this 
churchyard, where they were interred according to 
Brentford, the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England, 
Chismck^ otherwise it was his desire that no funeral ceremonies 
chap. ii. should be read over his body, but six poor men should 
have a guinea each to bear him to the vault in his garden. 



EDMUND WALLEE. 

1605-1687. 

T T 7ALLER is said to have been a member of the House 
^ ^ of Commons when he was sixteen or seventeen years 
of age, and to have been a resident of London for some time ; 
but nothing is known of his personal career here except that 
he was married ' to his rich city heiress ' in the Church, of 
St. Margaret, Westminster, that he lived at one time in 
Bow Street, Covent Garden, on the site of the Police -Station 
(see Fielding, p. 105), and that between the years 1660 
and 1687 he lived on the west side of St. James's Street, 
Piccadilly. In the latter year he went to Beaconsfield to 
die. 

He was a frequent visitor at Berkeley House, on the site 
of which Devonshire House, Piccadilly, between Berkeley 
and Stratton Streets, was built ; and Aubrey preserves the 
story of a catastrophe that befell him at the Water Gate of 
Somerset House, Strand : — 

Waller had but a tender, weak bodie, but was always very 
temperate. — Made him damnable drunk, at Somerset House, 
where at the water stayres he fell down and had a cruel fall. 
'T was a pity to use such a sweet svf an so inhumanly 



1717-1797.] HORACE WALPOLE. 3ll 

The Somerset House of Waller's day, built by the Pro- 
tector, whose name it bore, was taken down in 1775 to 
make way for the present buildings, which were completed 
in 1786. 



HOEACE WALPOLE. 

1717-1797. 

TT GRACE WALPOLE was born on the west side of 
-*■ ^ Arlington Street, Piccadilly ; but he afterwards occu- 
pied the opposite house, No. 5 Arlington Street, which is 
marked by the tablet of the Society of Arts as having been 
the residence of his father. While in town from 1745 to 
1779 he lived here, and also in his father's house in Down- 
ing Street, — the official residence of the first Lord of the 
Treasury ever since Sir Robert Walpole's occupancy of it 
in 1735. 

The greater part of Horace Walpole's youth, however, 
was spent in his father's house at Chelsea, afterwards the 
Infirmary of Chelsea Hospital, which was but little changed 
in 1885, except that one story had been added. The 
drawing-room was Ward No. 7. 

Walpolp is now particularly associated with Strawberry 
Hill, — the house where so many of his days were passed, 
and upon which so much of his thought was spent. It still 
stood in 1885, on the banks of the Thames, at Twicken- 
ham, ten miles from Arlington Street and Berkeley Square. 

Strawberry Hill . . . stands on a gentle elevation about three 
hundred yards from, and overlooking, the Thames immediately 
above Twickenham. . . . When Walpole rented the house it was 
little more than a cottage, and the grounds were of narrow com- 
pass. As soon as he became its owner, he began to enlarge the 



312 HORACE WALPOLE. {1717-1797. 

house and extend the grounds. The cottage grew into a villa, the 

villa into a mansion. . . , Strawberry Hill, when completed, was 

a Gothic building, but Gothic of no particular period, 

Thome's class, or stvle. Windows, doorwavs, and mould- 

Hancl-Book . ' , , . , -,".-,, 

of the mgs of the thirteenth century stood side by side with 

London: Others of the fifteenth and sixteenth, Ecclesiastical 
|tra-wberry -^qj-q co-mingled with secular features, collegiate with 
baronial or military. Next to an Abbey Entrance 
was the oriel of an Elizabethan Manor-house, or the keep of a 
Norman Castle, while battlements and machicolation frowned over 
the wide bay windows that opened on to the lawn. . . . Walpole 
was in his thirtieth year when he took Strawberry Hill ; and he 
spent fifty summers in it, improving the house, adding to his 
collections, and enjoying the lilacs and nightingales in his grounds. 
... As it now stands [1876J, Strawberry Hill is a renewal of 
Walpole's house, with modern sumptuousness superadded. All 
the old rooms are there, though the uses of many have been 
changed. . . . The grounds and gardens are as beautiful and 
attractive as of old, the trees as verdant, the rosary as bright, the 
lawn as green, and in their season Walpole's ' two passions, lilacs 
and nightingales,' in as full bloom and abundance as ever. 

From 1779, for eighteen years, Walpole's town house was 
No. 11 Berkeley Square; and here, in 1797, he died. 

I came to town this morning [October, 1779] to take possession 
Walpole's of Berkeley Square, and was as well pleased with my 
1779.^^^' ^^w habitation as I can be with anything at present. 

This mansion was on the southwest corner of Hill Street, 
and was numbered 42 Berkeley Square in 1885. 

Walpole was a member of Brook's Club, No. 60 St. 
James's Street, among others, and of the Blue Stocking 
Club, which met 'at Mrs. Montague's, on the northwest 
corner of Portman Square.' 

He frequented Dodsley's shop, at the sign of the Tully's 
Head, No, 51 Pall Mall (see Akenside, p. 11); and the 
Bedford Coffee House, ' under the Piazza, in Covent Garden ' 
(see Churchill, p. 51). 



1593-1683.] IZAAK WALTON. 313 



IZAAK WALTON. 

1593-1683. 

/^F Walton's youth and education nothing is known. 
^-^ Anthony Wood found him engaged as a 'sempster,' or 
linen-draper, in the Eoyal Burse, Cornhill (on the site of 
the Royal Exchange), where his shop was seven feet and a 
half long, and five feet wide. Later, he occupied half a shop 
in Fleet Street, between Chancery Lane and Temple Bar. 

Walton dwelt on the north side of Fleet Street, in a house two 
doors west of the end of Chancery Lane, and abutting on a mes- 
suage known by the sign of The Harrow. . . . Now the 
old timber house at the Southwest corner of Chancery Hawkins's 
Lane, till within these few years [1760] was known by ^^alton 
that sign ; it is therefore beyond doubt that Walton 
lived at the very next door, and in this House he is, in the deed 
above referred to, which bears date 1624, said to have followed the 
trade of a Linen Draper. It further appears hj that deed, that 
the house was in the joint occupation of Isaac Walton and John 
Mason, hosier, from whence we may conclude that half a shop 
was sufl&cient for the business of Walton. 

He subsequently removed into Chancery Lane. 

Isaac Walton lived in what was then the seventh cunning- 

house on the left hand as you walk [in Chancery Lane] ^^q^ 5^^ ' 

from Fleet Street to Holboru. Sir Harris Nicolas de- London : 
. . Chancery 

rived this information from the Parish Books. Lane, 

This house is believed to have stood next to Crown Court, 
on the site of the house numbered 120 Chancery Lane in 
1885. 
Walton quitted London in 1643. 



314 IZAAK WALTON. [1598-1683. 

Finding it dangerous for honest men to be there, he left the 
city, and lived some time at Stafford and elsewhere, 
Atiien^ l^ut mostly in the families of eminent clergymen of 
Oxonienses. Ei^gland, by whom he was much beloved. 

Walton lived in the parish of Clerkenwell after his re- 
tirement from business ; and here, according to the parish 
registers, were baptized, in St. James's Church, February 
10, 1650, his son Izaak Walton, and again, on September 7, 
1651, another son Izaak Walton. Both of these children 
died in early infancy. In 1653, while still living in Clerk- 
enwell, ' There is published a book of eighteen pence price 
called the Compleat Angler ; or contemplative man's recrea- 
tions, being a discourse of Fish and Fishiug, not unworthy of 
perusal. Sold by Eichard Harriot in St. Dunstan's Church 
Yard, Fleet Street.' 

The antiquarians of Clerkenwell, unfortunately, have been 
able to find no trace of the site of Walton's house, either 
from tradition or the rate-books. 

Walton bought his fish-hooks at the shop of one Charles 
Kerbye, in Harp Alley, Shoe Lane, a street entirely changed 
since Walton's day ; and he was fond of fishing the Lea from 
Ware to Tottenham. 

The Swan Inn at Tottenham High Cross was the place of 
William resort of Izaak Walton, the angler ; he used to tarry 
Robinson's liere awhile before he went to the river Lea to fish. 

History of t i n i- i • i • 

Tottenham, and again on his return. In the front oi this house m 
vo . 1. p. . ^-j^^ ^^^^ 1643, there was an harbour, the favorite rest- 
ing place of Walton, of which mention is made in the * Complete 
Angler.' 

The White Swan Inn was left intact in 1 885, on the north- 
west corner of Tottenham High Cross, between the Cross 
itself, on the opposite side of the High Road, and the old 
well. It stood a little back from the street, — a white 
stuccoed house of one story and an attic, with a quaint old 



1667-1731.] EDVr^AED WARD. 315 

gable. There was a skittle alley in its rear, and a little bit 
of bright garden at its side, — all that was left of the gentle 
angler's sweet shady arbor, woven by Nature herself, with 
her own fine fingers, of woodbine, sweet-brier, jessamine, 
and myrtle. While a drink like nectar was still brewed in 
the interesting old inn, no fishermen went there to sup it 
in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and Izaak 
Walton was absolutely unknown to those who served or 
quaffed it. The river Lea is about five minutes' walk from 
the doors of the Swan. 

One of the most interesting memorials of Walton left us 
is the monogram 'I. W.' and the date ' 1658 ' scratched by 
Walton himself on the mural tablet to Isaac Casaubon in the 
south transept of Westminster Abbey. Dean Stanley w^as 
very fond of pointing this out to his personal friends as he 
escorted them to the Poets' Corner ; and it is the only 
desecration ever committed in the Abbey that he heartily 
forgave. 



EDWAED WAED. 

1667-1731. 

l^ED WARD, the droll author of the 'London Spy,' is 
■^ ^ said by William Oldys to have lived for a while in 
Gray's Inn, and later to have kept a public house in Moor- 
fields, afterwards in Clerkenwell, "and lastly a punch-house in 
Fulwood's Eents. His Clerkenwell establishment he de- 
scribed ' as at the Great Gates in Eed Bull Yard, between St. 
John Street and Clerkenwell Green ; ' and he claimed that on 

' That ancient venerable ground, 

Where Shakspere in heroic buskin trod, 
A good old fabric may be found, 
Celestial liquors fit to charm a god.' 



316 ISAAC WATTS. [1674-1748. 

This alludes to the unfounded tradition that Shakspere 
was a player in the Red Bull Theatre, in Red EuU Yard, 
which has since been called Woodbridge Street (see DaVe- 
NANT, p. 75, and Shakspere, p. 264). 

Ful wood's Rents, at No. 34 High Holborn, nearly opposite 
Chancery Lane, contained in 1885 a number of very old and 
dilapidated buildings, doubtless standing there in Ward's 
time. His house, according to Oldys, was 'within one door 
of Gray's Inn,' and here ' he would entertain any company 
that invited him, with many stories and adventures of the 
poets and authors he had acquaintance with.' 

He died at this house, and was buried in Old St. Pancras 
Churchyard (see Godwin, p. 118) in the most quiet manner, 
and in accordance with the directions of his poetic will : — 

* No costly funeral prepare ; 

'Twixt Sun and Sun I only crave 
A hearse and one black coach to bear 
My wife and children to my grave.' 



ISAAC WATTS. 

1674-1748. 

TSAAC WATTS came to London in 1690 to enter the 
■'■ College for Dissenters in Newington Green (see De Foe, 
p. 76). In 1693 he 'was admitted to Mr. Rowe's Church,' 
which then worshipped at Girdlers' Hall, still standing in 
1885, at Nos. 38 to 40 Basinghall Street. In 1698-99 'he 
preached as Dr. Chauncey's assistant in Ye Church in Mark 
Lane ' (City). His connection with this congregation lasted 
imtil his death, fifty years later. In June, 1704, as is 



1674-1748.] ISAAC WATTS. 817 

recorded in his Diary, 'we removed our meeting place to 
Pinner's Hall [Old Broad Street, see Baxter, p. 18], and 
began exposition of Scripture.' In 1708 the congregation 
removed again to Duke's Place, Bury Street, St. Mary Axe ; 
but there is now no trace left of either of these chapels. 

Watts lived with ' Mr. Thomas Hollis in the Minories ' in 
1702, and here probably wrote the poems which, in his 
Diary, he says were published in 1705. In 1710 he 're- 
moved from Mr. Hollis's and went to live with Mr. Bowes, 
December 30.' With this year his brief and unsatisfactory 
Diary ends ; and his biographers have not cared to say more 
definitely where his homes in London were situated. 

In the year 1713 or 1714 he became a guest in the house 
of Sir Thomas Abney, at Theobalds, Cheshunt, Herts, about 
fifteen miles from London. Subsequently he went with the 
Abneys to Stoke Newington; and in 1748 died in their 
house at the end of a somewhat protracted visit of thirty-five 
years. 

Sir Thomas Abney's house at Stoke JSTewiugton was taken 
down in 1844, and its site is now occupied by Abney Park 
Cemetery, in which stands a statue of Watts. 

Dr. Watts was buried in Bunhill Fields — 

deep in the earth, among the relics of many of his pious fathers 

and brethren whom he had known in the flesh, and with whom 

he wished to be found in the resurrection. ... In 

order that his grave might read a lecture of that Miiiier's Life 

moderation which his life had exemplified and his c^^^xviii 

pen advocated, he desired that his funeral should be 

attended by two Independent ministers, two Presbyterian and two 

Baptist. 

An altar tomb covers his grave, in the northeastern corner 
of the ground, not far from the City Eoad entrance. 



318 JOHN WESLEY. [1703-1791. 

■ • 

JOHN WESLEY. 

y 1703-1791. 

T^ 7ESLEY was sent at an early age to the Charter House 
^ ^ School (see Addison, p. 1), from which he went 
to Oxford in 1720. In after life he frequently asserted 
that much of his good health was due to the command of 
his father that he should run around the Charter House 
playground three times every morning, — a task which he 
conscientiously performed. 

For some years Wesley was pastor of the congregation 
which worshipped in Pinner's Hall, Old Broad Street (see 
Baxter, p. 18); and he preached at Bromley, and at the 
Foundry at Moorfields, which stood on^ the site of the 
Chapel subsequently erected in Tabernacle Row, Finsbury, 
near City Boad. 

In 1752 Wesley took possession of the New Wells, a 
place of popular amusement in Clerkenwell, which he opened 
as a tabernacle, and in which he preached. It stood on 
Lower Rosoman Street, on the site of the houses afterwards 
numbered 5, 6, 7, and 8, according to Pink in his ' History 
of Clerkenwell ; ' and it was taken down shortly after the 
expiration of Wesley's lease. Wesley preached Whitefield's 
funeral sermon (1770) in the Tottenham Court Road Chapel, 
in 1885 numbered 79 Tottenham Court Road ; and in 
1777 he laid the foundation stone of the Chapel, No. 48 
City Road, opposite the Cemetery of Bunhill Fields, where, 
as Southey shows, great multitudes assembled to hear and 
see him, and assist at the ceremony. 

Opposite the Eastern Gate of the Artillery Ground in the City 
Road is a handsome Chapel, built by the late Rev. John Wesley, 



1703-1791.] JOHN WESLEY. 319 

for the Methodists of the Arminian persuasion. It is a plain 

structure of brick, the interior very neat ; there is also a spacious 

Court behind the building, planted with some trees, 

and uniform houses on each side, the first of which on London and 

the right hand, entering from the City Koad, was J^Ji^'^jf ®^' 

occupied by Mr. John Wesley when in town, and 

that also in which he died, 

* Wesley's House,' so marked, is in front of this chapel, 
and in 1885 was numbered 47 City Road. 

During his last illness Wesley said : ' Let me be buried in 
nothing but what is woollen ; and let my corpse be carried in my 
coffin into the chapel.' This was done according to , , 
the will, by six poor men, each of whom had 20/ ; Life of Wes- 
' for I particularly desire,' said he, ' that there may be ' . ' * 
no hearse, no coach, no escutcheon, no pomp, except the tears of 
them that love me, and are following me to Abraham's bosom.' 
On the day preceding the interment, Wesley's body lay in the 
chapel in a kind of state becoming the person, dressed in his 
clerical habit, with gown, cassock, and band, the old clerical cap 
on his head, a Bible in one hand, and a white handkerchief in the 
other. . . . The crowds who flocked to see him were so great that 
it was thought prudent, for fear of accident, to accelerate the 
funeral, and perform it between five and six in the morning. 
The intelligence, however, could not be kept entirely secret, and 
several hundred persons attended at that unusual hour. 

As I was walking home one day from my father's bank, I 
observed a great crowd of people streaming into a chapel in the 
City Road. I followed them, and saw laid out upon Rogers's 
a table the dead body of a clergyman in full canoni- "^^^^^ '^^^^^• 
cals. It was the corpse of John Wesley ; and the crowd moved 
slowly and silently round the table to take a last look at that 
most venerable man. 

Wesley lies in the little burial-ground behind the City 
Road Chapel, under a monument erected to his memory 
by the members of the society to which he gave his name. 



320 JOHN WOLCOT. [1738-1819. 



GEOEGE WITHEE. 

1588-1667. 

TX TITHEE, whose famous shepherd refused to waste in 
* ^ despair and die because a certain fair woman was 
not fair to him, was a student of Lincoln's Inn, and wrote 
his best-known poem in the Marshalsea Prison. Later he 
was confined — always for political reasons — in Newgate 
and in the Tower. This was not the Marshalsea Prison 
of Dickens's youth. It stood on the east side of the Borough 
High Street, opposite Union Street and next to the Nag's 
Head, the modern Newcomen Street passing over its site. 
The Marshalsea Debtors' Prison was nearer St. George's 
Church (see Dickens, p. 80). 

Wither died, it was said, in the Savoy, and, according to 
Wood's ' Athense Oxonienses,' was buried ' between the east 
door and south end ' of the Church of St. Mary-le- Savoy, 
known now as the Savoy Chapel, Savoy Street, Strand 
(see Chaucer, p. 46). This church dates back to the very 
beginning of the sixteenth century, but has no memorial of 
Wither. 



JOHN WOLCOT. 

1738-1819. 



' "PETER PINDAR'S ' first permanent home in London 

-■- was at No. 1 Chapel Street, next to the corner of 

Great Portland Street, Portland Place, where he lodged 

about the year 1782. The Portland Hotel has since been 



1770-1850.] WILLIAM WOEDSWORTH. 321 

erected on the site of this house. Later he occupied a 
garret room in No. 13 Tavistock Row, overlooking Covent 
Garden and near Southampton Street ; and in 1807 he was 
lodging in Camden Town, then a suburban village, while 
he figured, not very creditably, in the law courts. He died 
twelve years later, near the nursery gardens which have 
since become Euston Square. 

He always sat in a room facing the south. Behind the door 
stood a square piano-forte, on which there generally lay his 
favorite Cremona violin ; on the left, a mahogany table 
with writing materials. Everything was in perfect Recoiiec-^ 
order. . . . Facing him, over the mantelpiece, hung a pX^ ygsl^s 
fine landscape by Richard Wilson. ... In writing, 
except a few lines hap-hazard, the Doctor was obliged to employ an 
amanuensis [he lost his eyesight a few years before his death]. 
Of all his acquisitions, music to him remained alone unaltered. 
. . . He even composed light airs for amusement. 

Wolcot was buried in the Church of St. Paul, Covent 
Garden, at his own request that he might 'lie as near as 
possible to the bones of old Hudibras Butler.' His grave is 
believed to be under the floor of the vestry-room ; but there 
is no tablet to his memory (see Butlee, p. 29). 



WILLIAM WORDSWORTH. 

1770-1850. 

TX 70RDSW0RTH made frequent visits to London, and 
^ ^ we read of him here as the guest of Rogers, Lamb, 
Coleridge, Crabb Robinson, and others ; but nowhere in his 
Diary, his Memoirs, his published letters, or in the works of 
his friends and contemporaries, is any hint given as to his 

21 



322 WILLIAM WYCHERLEY. [1640-1715. 

abiding-places in town. While he was more closely identi- 
fied with Yarrow or the Lake District than with the stream 
that flows through the vale of Cheapside, still he has left a 
thrush in the branches of the old tree on the corner of Wood 
Street, that will sing there as long as yellow primroses grow 
by rivers' brims. 



WILLIAM WYCHEELEY. 

Circa 1640-1715. 

T T 7YCHERLEY was entered as a student in the Middle 
^ ' Temple, but soon turned from the dry study of the 
law to lighter, looser, and more beloved pursuits. His only 
known residence in London was in Bow Street, Covent 
Garden, * over against the Cock.' According to Peter Cun- 
ningham, it was on the west side of Bow Street, and ' three 
doors beyond Radcliffe,' whose house is known to have been 
on the site of Covent Garden Theatre. This Cock Tavern 
long since disappeared. 

It was here that Charles II. called upon Wycherley while 
he was lying ill, — a very unusual compliment of royalty to 
a commoner ; and the result of the visit was a gift of £500, 
out of the public purse, to enable the dramatist to seek rest 
and strength in France. Wycherley, however, soon in- 
curred the displeasure of Charles by his marriage to a Court 
lady, the Countess of Drogheda, whom he visited in Hatton 
Garden, and carried, as his wife, to Bow Street. This 
unequal match brought as little haj^piness to either party 
as did that of Addison and his Countess ; and Wycherley's 
contemporaries have put on record many entertaining stories 
of his married life, his wife being so jealous of him that he 



1640-1715.] WILLIAM WYCHEBLEY. 323 

was rarely permitted to quit her side. It is said that when 
he visited the Cock he was ordered to leave open the win- 
dows of the room in which he sat, and to show himself from 
time to time, that the exacting lady over the way might be 
assured that all his companions were of his own sex. 

Another and more serious result of this union was his 
confinement for several years in the Fleet Prison ; his dis- 
putes concerning his marriage settlements with the Countess 
resulting in his financial ruin and in his committal to a 
debtors' gaol. 

The Fleet Prison, destroyed in the Gordon Riots in 1780, 
but immediately rebuilt, stood on the east side of the present 
Farringdon Street until 1846. Its exact site may be de- 
scribed as upon the. block of ground bounded on the west by 
Farringdon Street, on the east by Fleet Lane, on the north 
by Fleet Lane, and on the south by Fleet Lane. It was 
approached from the Old Bailey by Fleet Lane, an irregular 
street shaped like the letter Y. 

Wycherley was married a second time in 1715, but died 
eleven days after the ceremony. He was buried in the 
vaults of the Church of St. Paul, Covent Garden. All 
traces of his grave were lost in the burning of the church 
in 1795 (see Butler, p. 29). 

Favorite taverns of Wycherley, besides the Cock, were the 
Half Moon in Aldersgate Street, marked by Half Moon Pas- 
sage, No. 158 Aldersgate Street (see Congreve, p. 64), and 
the Bear at the Bridge Foot (see Pepys. p. 238). 



324 EDWARD YOUNG. [1681-1765. 

« 
EDWAED YOUNO. 

1681-1765. 

"P\R. YOUNG had almost no association with London 
"*-^ except in his marriage at the Church of St. Mary-at- 
Hill, inLove Lane, Eastcheap, May 27, 1731. This church, 
one of Wren's, was still standing in 1885. The death of his 
wife in 1740 led to the writing of the famous 'Night 
Thoughts,' which estabhshed his reputation and is so 
rarely read. He lived and died in his country parish in 
Hertfordshire. 



NOTES. 



1 Colonel F. Grant, in a letter to the London ' Athenseum,' 
Aug. 1, 1885, writes that a directory of London printed for Sam. Lee, 
1677, is in the Bodleian, and that two other copies of the. same work 
are known to exist. 

2 The 'Builder' (London), Sept. 19, 1885, says: 'The Royal 
Comedy Theatre in Panton Street should, we believe, be instanced as 
marking the situation of Addison's Haymarket lodging, which Pope 
showed to Harte as being the garret where Addison wrote "The 
Campaign." ' 

3 The Chapter Coffee House, Paternoster Row, was torn down in 
1887, but rebuilt upon the same site. 

* The Rev. Robert Gwynne, in a private note dated Sept. 1, 1885, 
writes : ' In revising Baedeker's " London " I had a great deal of trouble 
in finding out that 24, not 16, Holies Street was the birthplace of 
Byron. I consulted Mr. Cordy Jeaflfresou, author of "The Real Lord 
Byron ; " Mr. Crace, the decorator in Wigmore Street, whose father col- 
lected the views, maps, etc., of London, now in the British Muafeum ; 
Mr. Fry, the present owner of No. 24 Holies Street, and Mr. John 
Murray, Jr. . . . Mr. Fry informed me that 24 Holies Street is the 
only house in the street that has been rebuilt. The tablet in accord- 
ance with tradition is in front of this house. Peter Cunningham, in 
his "London," gives as his authority for naming No. 16 as the birthplace 
a paper in Mr. Murray's possession. Mr. John Murray, Jr., and I 
examined the paper, which is a tradesman's bill, and we were both 
convinced that the document does not bear out Mr. Cunningham's 
statement.' 

5 Long's Hotel, No. 16 New Bond Street, was taken down in 1887. 

6 The * Baptist,' London, June 19, 1885, says that Cowper spent 
one morning in town when he 'breakfasted with his friend Rose in 
Chancery Lane in 1792, when returning from Eartham, the residence 
of Hayley, a brother poet,' 



326 KOTES. 

■^ The extreme rear of the Marshalsea Prison which Dickens de- 
scribes in the Preface to * Little Dorrit ' was transformed into a ware- 
house in 1887. 

8 The old house No. 16 Fetter Lane was demolished in 1887. 

^ A writer in the ' British Quarterly Review,' October, 1885, says 
that in the company of the late Mr. W. Smith Williams, he frequently 
saw Leigh Hunt in his house at Hammersmith, and 'admired the 
taste which he managed to communicate to his small rooms, and also 
the graceful garrulousness and suavity of the old man in his long black 
robe, and his long white hair.' 

10 The British Hotel, Cockspur Street, was torn down in 1887; 
Stanford, the publisher of maps, building upon its site. 

11 The Cock Tavern, Fleet Street, was taken down in 1887, and 
a branch of the Bank of England was built upon its site. 

12 Subsequent research shows that the Margaret Jon son who was 
maiTied in 1575, according to the register of St. Martins-in-the- 
Fields, died in 1590; while the mother of Ben Jonson is known to have 
been alive as late as 1604. 

13 Mr. Sidney Colvin, in his 'Life of Keats' {English Men of 
Letters Series), says that Keats lived over the Qiieeir's Head in the 
Poultry in 1816, and moved to No. 76 Cheapside during the next 
year. No. 76 Cheapside was rebuilt in 1868. It was in this house, 
according to Peter Cunningham, that Keats wrote his Sonnet on Chap- 
man's * Homer. ' 

1^ Holly Lodge, named Airlie Lodge, when it was occupied by an 
Earl of Airlie, has since been given its old name, and was called Holly 
Lodge in 1887. 

15 Edward "Walford, in his 'Greater London,' vol. ii. p. Ill, writes: 
'Suffice it to say that, beyond his tomb at Twickenham, the only 
memorials of the poet [Pope] now visible are the gardens and the fa- 
mous grove in which he took such great delight, and also the grotto, or 
rather the tunnel, for it has been despoiled of many of its rare marbles, 
spars, and ores, and is now a mere damp subway.' 

IS The old house at No. 96 Piccadilly was torn down in 1887, 
and the Junior Travellers' Club was built upon its site. 

1'' Mr. Jeaffreson believes that this hotel in Dover Street was only 
an occasional resort of Shelley's, and that the fact of his writing there 
a letter announcing his child's birth is not sufficient evidence that the 
event occurred on the premises 



INDEX OF PERSONS. 



Abney, Sir Thomas, 317. 

Addison, Joseph, 1-9; mentioned, 
V, ix, X, 175, 202, 204, 243, 
287, 288, 302, 322; quoted, 96, 97. 

Agnew, Thomas, 293. 

Aikin, Lucy, quoted, 2, 288. 

Akenside, Mark, 10-11. 

Albert, Prince Consort, 306. 

Alcinoiis, 190. 

Andersen, Hans Christian, quoted, 
84. 

Anne, Queen, 55, 155, 156, 243, 244. 

Arbuthnot, Dr. John, 243. 

Archer, Francis, 204. 

Argyll, Duke of, 203. 

Atterbury, Bishop Francis, 6. 

Aubrey, John, mentioned, 171 ; quo- 
ted, \l, 13, 19, 29, 74, 91, 107, 172, 
173, 199, 211, 212, 215, 216, 223, 
225, 249, 295, 310. 

Bacon, Francis, 11-14; mentioned, 

202. 

Baillie, Agnes, 15. 

Baillie, Dr. Matthew, 14. 

Baillie, Joanna, 14-15. 

Baker, David Erskine, 196. 

Ballantyne, James, 261. 

Barbauld, Anna Letitia, 16 ; quo- 
ted, 253, 254. 

Barbauld, Rev. Rochemont, 16, 256. 

Barber, Francis, 90, 163. 

Barclay and Perkins, 17, 18, 19, 70, 
163, 'l74, 266, 268. 

Barham, H. R>, quoted, 142 

Barrett, Elizabeth (Mrs. Browning), 
151, 217. 



Barton, Bernard, 185, 190. 

Batten, Sir W., 236. 

Baxter, Richard, 16-19. 

Baxter, Mrs. Richard, 16, 17, 18. 

Beaconsfield, Countess of, 89. 

Beaconsfield, Earl of (see Dis« 
raeli). 

Beattie, Dr. W., quoted, 37. 

Beauclerc, Topham, 121, 159. 
{ Beaumont, Francis, 19-20; men- 
tioned, 103, 107, 286. 

Bentham, Jeremy, 213, 214. 

Bentley, Dr. Richard, 71. 

Berthelette, Thomas, quoted, 127. 

Bevrj'-, Adam de, 46. 

Bickerstaff, Isaac, 121. 

Birch, Thomas, quoted, 251. 

Blackstone, Sir William, 121. 

Blake, William, x. 

Blanchard, Laman, 85. 

Blanc, Louis, 305. 

Blessington, Lady, 88, 90, 195, 278. 

Blinde, Mathilde, quoted, 98. 

Bloomfield, Robert, 20-21. 

Boccaccio, 257. 

Bohn, Henry G., 79. 

B|olingbroke, Viscount, 242, 247. 

Boswell, Dr., 164. 

Bos well, James, 21-22 ; mentioned, 
X, 105, 122, 167; quoted, 120, 
123, 156, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170. 

Boufflers, Madame de, 159-160. 

Boyer, Jeremy, 56. 

Bracegirdle, Mrs., 63. 

Brawne, Fanny, 179, 181, 182. 

Bray, Dr. Nicholas, 264, 



B28 



mDBX 01* PEESOKS. 



Braybrooke, Lord, 234. 

Brayley, Edward Wedlake, quoted, 

13, 250, 319. 
Brewster, Sir David, quoted, 227, 

228. 
Brigham, Nicholas, 48. 
Brigham, Eachel, 48. 
Bronte, Anne, 22. 

Bkonte, Charlotte, 22-23; quo- 
ted, 305-306. 
Brooks, Shirley, 305; quoted, 306. 
Brougham, Lord, 201. 
Brown, Charles, 180, 181, 182. 
Browning Elizabeth Barrett, 151, 

217. 
Browning, Robert, 305. 
Brydges, Mr. Alderman, 254. 
Buchanan, Robert, quoted, 39. 
Bucke, C, quoted, 10. 
Buck land. Dean William, 174. 
Buller, Charles, 38. 
Buller, Mr. Justice, 56 
BuLWER Lytton, 23-24; mentioned, 

194. 
BuNYAN, John, 25-26. 
Burbage, Richard, 265. 
Burdette, Robert J., quoted, 231. 
Burke, Ebmund, 27-28 ; mentioned, 

68, 122, 123, 167. 
Burne-Jones, Edward, 254. 
Burney, Dr. Charles (Elder), 72, 73, 

158. 
Burney, Charles (Younger), quoted, 

164,' 165. 
Burney, Fanny (see Madame D'Ar- 

blay). 
Burns, Robert, x. 

Busby, Dr. Richard, 91, 197, 246, 258. 
Butler, Samuel, 28-29 ; mentioned, 

X, 321. 
Byron, Augusta Ada, 32. 
Byron, Lady, 32. 
Byron, Lord, 30-35; mentioned, 

145, 220, 263; quoted, 257. 
Byron, Mrs., 30. 

Camden, William, 45. 
Campbell, Thomas, 35-37; men- 
tioned, 32. 



Campbell, Mrs. Thomas, 35, 36. 

Carlyle, Thomas, 38-40; men- 
tioned, viii, 85 ; quoted, 147, 158. 

Carter, ELLaABETH, 40-41. 

Cary, Henry Francis, 192. 

Casaubon, Isaac, 315. 

Cave, Edward, 157, 260. 

Centlivre, Susanna, 41; men- 
tioned, X. 

Cervantes, 106. 

Chantrey, Sir Francis, 72. 

Chapman, Dr. John, 97, 170. 

Charles L, 174. 

Charles II., 66, 96, 207, 214, 301, 322. 

Charles X., of France, 134. 

Charlton, Margaret (see Mrs. Rich- 
ard Baxter). 

Chatterton, Thomas, 42-45 ; men- 
tioned, V. 

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 45-48; men- 
tioned, 20, 66, 91, 94, 257, 259, 285, 
286. 

Chawcer, Richard, 45. 

Chesterfield, Earl of, 49-50; 
mentioned, 112, 241. 

Church, Mrs. Ross (Florence Mar- 
ryat), quoted, 206. 

Churchill, Charles, 50-51; men- 
tioned, 66, 70, 72. 

Cibber, Caius Gabriel, 7, 54. 

Cibber, Colley, 52-55; mentioned, 
X, 195. 

Cibber, Theophilus, quoted, 104, 264. 

Clarko, Charles Cowden, quoted, 153, 
177, 178, 179. 

Clarke, John, 178. 

Clarke, Mary Cowden, quoted, 153, 
177, 178, 179. 

Clive, Lord, 202. 

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 56- 
60; mentioned, 148, 184, 186, 187, 
285, 321. 

Collier, John Payne, 204. 

Collins, William,. 60-61. 

CoLMAN, George (Elder), 61-62; 
mentioned, 51, 70, 167. 

CoLMAN, George (Younger), 62-63. 

CoNGREVE, WiLLLA-M, 63-64; men- 
tioned, 8, 9. 



INDEX OF PERSONS. 



329 



Constable, Archibald, quoted, 35. 

Cook, Eliza, 139. 

Cooke, George Willis, quoted, 98, 99. 

Corry, Montagu (Lord Rowton), 
88. 

Coventry, Baron Thomas, 18. 

Cowley, Abraham, 64-66; men- 
tioned, 94. 

CowpEK, William, 66-67; men- 
' tioned, ix, 50, 71. 

Ckabbe, George, 68-69; men- 
tioned, 28. 

Craik, Henry, 299. 

Croft, Sir Herbert, 42, 43. 

Croker, John Wilson, quoted, 160. 

Cromwell, Oliver, 37, 136, 207, 213. 

Crosby, Sir John, 269. 

Cross, John Walter, 99. 

Cruden, Alexander, 69-70. 

Cruikshank, George, 305. 

Cumberland, Richard, 70 - 71 ; 
mentioned, 66. 

Cunningham, Allan, 71-72. 

Cunningham, Peter, quoted, 20, 44, 
52, 92, 101, 105, 169, 175, 177, 178, 
197, 244, 246, 263, 277, 288, 288, 
295, 301, 313, 322. 

Dallas, R. C, 31. 

Dan vers, Sir John, 223. 

D'Arblay, Madame, 72-73. 

Davenant, Lady, 74. 

Davenant, Sir William, 74-75; 
mentioned, x, 6. 

Davies, Tom, x, 21, 160, 161. 

Davis, John, quoted, 42. 

Day, Thomas, 75. 

De Foe, Daniel, 76-78; mentioned, 
256. 

De Foe, Daniel, Jr., 77. 

De Foe, Sophia, 77. 

Delaney, Mrs. (Mary), 73. 

Denham, Sir John, 74. 

Dennis, John, mentioned, 196; 
quoted, 231. 

De Quincey, Thomas, 78-79. 

Dickens, Charles, 79-86; men- 
tioned, 217, 305, 306, 320 ; quoted. 



Dickens, Charles, Jr., vi. 

Dickens, Mrs. Charles, 83. 

Disraeli, Benjamin, 86-89; men- 
tioned, 89. 

D' Israeli, Isaac, 89-90; men- 
tioned, 87, 88, 165, 256, 292; 
quoted, 2. 

Dixon, Hepworth, 12. • 

Dobson, Austin, quoted, 105. 

Dodsley, Robert, 11, 28, 251, 312. 

Donnes, Dr. John, 173. 

Doran, Dr. John, quoted, 53, 103, 
231, 265, 283. 

Downe, John, quoted, 230. 

Drayton, Michael, 90-91; men- 
tioned, ix, 174. 

Drogheda, Countess of, 322, 323. 

Drummond, William, quoted, 286. 

Dryden, John, 91-96; mentioned, 
vii, X, 48, 175, 197, 230, 243; 
quoted, 196, 210. 

Dryden, Lady Elizabeth, 92. 

Dumergues, Charles, 261, 262. 

D'Urfey, Tom, 96-97. 

Dyce, Alexander, 85. 

Dyer, George, 191. 

Dyke, Besay (Mrs. Thomas Moore), 
220, 221. 

Dyson, Jeremiah, 10. 

Edward VI., 46, 57, 108. 
Edwardes, Edward, quoted, 251. 
Eliot, George, 97-99; mentioned, 

170. 
Elizabeth, Queen, 12, 108, 249, 250. 
Elmsley (the Publisher), 114. 
Elwood, Mrs. A. K., quoted, 73, 150. 
Erasmus, 224, 225. 
Essex, Devereux, Earl of, 7, 286. 
Evans, Mary Ann (George Eliot), 

97-99; mentioned, 170. 
Evelyn, John, 100-102; mentioned, 

X, 52; quoted, 66, 235. 
Evelyn, William J., 101. 

Faraday, Michael, 102-103. 
Farquhar, George, 103-104. 
Faulkner, Thomas, quoted, 106, 224:, 
§90, 308, 310, 



380 



mDEX OF PERSONS. 



Ferguson, Dr. Robert, 263. 

Fielding, Henry, 104-106; men- 
tioned, V, X. 

Fields, James T., quoted, 85, 86, 
149, 303. 

Fitzgerald, Percy, quoted, 183. 

Fitzherbert, William, 159. 

Flaxman, John, 257. 

Fletcher, John, 107-108; men- 
tioned, 19, 20, 103, 286. 

Foe, James, 76. 

Foote, Samuel, 163. 

Ford, Edward, quoted, 89. 

Forman, H. Buxton, quoted, 181. 

Forster, John, mentioned, 79, 83, 84; 
quoted, 77, 79, 85, 119, 123. 

Fountaine, Sir Andrew, 297. 

Fowler, Thomas, 172. 

Fox, Charles James, 274. 

Fox, John, 108-109. 

Fox, William Johnson, 85. 

Francis, Lady, 109. 

Francis, Sir Philip, 109-110. 

Franklin, Benjamin, 110-112. 

Froude, James Anthony, quoted, 38, 
39, 40. 

Fuller, Thomas, quoted, 171, 176, 
222. 

Garrick, David, x, 21, 86, 113, 123, 
125, 156, 157, 167, 222. 

Garrick, Mrs. David, 222. 

Garrick, Peter, 170. 

Garth, Dr. Samuel, 7, 8, 94, 259. 

Gaskell, Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn, 
quoted, 22-23, 305-306. 

Gay, John, 112-113; mentioned, 
243, 249. 

George III., 156. 

George Eliot (see Eliot, George). 

Gibbon, Edward, 113-115. 

Gilchrist, Anne, quoted, 188. 

Gilfillan, Rev. George, quoted, 50. 

Gilman, John, 58, 59. 

Gilpin, John, 67. 

Glen, William, 158. 

Glover, Richard, 115. 

GoDveiN, William, 116-118; quo- 
ted, 272. 



Godwin, Mrs. William (Mary WoU- 
stonecraft),, 116, 118, 256, 272. 

Godwin, Mrs. William (second), 
116, 117. 

Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft (Mrs. 
Shelley), 271, 272. 

Goldsmith, Oliver, 118-126 ; men- 
tioned, V, 21, 91, 105, 162, 167, 
169. 

Goodwin, Dr. Thomas, 214. 

Gosse, Edmund, quoted, 128. 

GowER, John, 126-127 ; mentioned, 
46. 

Grant, Baron, 150. 

Gray, Thomas, 127-129; men- 
tioned, 71. 

Greatorex, Rev. Dan., 54. 

Greville, Charles C. F., quoted, 201, 
274. 

Grimshaw, Rev. T. S., quoted, 67. 

Grote, George, 129-130. 

Gwynne, Nell, 208. 

Hallam, Henry, 131. 

Halliwell-Phillipps, 172. 

Hall, S. C, quoted, 57, 88, 117, 148. 

Hall, Susannah, 265. 

Handel, 242, 243. 

Hare, Augustus J. C, quoted, 169. 

Harness, Rev. William, 185. 

Harris, Joseph, 95. 

Harte, Walter, 2. 

Hastings, Warren, 51, 66, 70, 202. 

Haweis, Rev. H. R., 242. 

Hawkins, Sir John, mentioned, 165; 
quoted, 166, 169, 313. 

Hawkins, Letitia Matilda, quoted, 
224. 

Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 189. 

Hazlitt, John, 131. 

Hazlitt, William, 131-135; men- 
tioned, 191, 213. 

Hazlitt, Mrs. William (Sarah Stod- 
dard), 131. 

Henderson, John, 86. 

Henry IV., 47. 

Henry VIII., 108, 224, 256. 

Herbert, George, 136. 

Herrick, Robert, 136-J37' 



INDEX or PEESONS. 



331 



Hoare, Henry, 9. 

Hoare, Lemuel, 68. 

Hobhouse, Thomas, 33. 

Hodder, George, quoted, 59, 154, 304, 

306. 
Hogarth, William, 79, 189, 253. 
Holbein (Younger), 224. 
HoLCROFT, Thomas, 137. 
Holland, Lady, quoted, 93, 279. 
Holland, Lord, 275. 
Holland, Sir Henrj'-, quoted, 204. 
Holley, 0. L., 111. 
Homer, 172, 243. 
Hood, Thomas, 137-339; mentioned, 

79. 
Hood, Thomas, Jr., quoted, 138, 139. 
Hook, Theodokb, 140-143. 
Hoole, John, 167. 
Horace, 94, 96, 97. 
Home, John, 309. 
Hotten, J. C, quoted, 43. 
Houghton, Lord, 139, 181. 
Howitt, William, mentioned, 181, 

182; quoted, 15, 43, 125, 180, 211, 

213, 256, 289, 290. 
Hume, David, 143-144. 
Humphrey, Ozias, quoted, 160. 
Hunt, Leigh, 144-149; mentioned, 

57, 271 ; quoted, 4, 5, 95, 150, 158, 

168, 169, 179, 180, 184, 199, 298. 
Hunt, Mrs. Leigh, 147. 
Hunter, Dr. John, 14. 

Inchbald, Mrs., 149-151. 
Ingleby, C. M., quoted, 215, 216, 297. 
Ireland, William, 266. 
Irving, Edward, 38. 
Irving, Washington, quoted, 119, 
121, 122, 124. 

James I., 8, 13, 108, 172, 249, 250. 

James 11., 234. 

Jameson, Anna, 151-152. 

Jeaffreson, Dr. John B., 87. 

Jeaffries, Lord, 94. 

Jerrold, Blanchard, quoted, 117, 148, 
152, 153, 154, 271. 

Jerrold, Douglas, 152-155 ; men- 
tioned, 85, 117, 306. 



Jesse, John H., quoted, 12, 28, 32, 
241, 261, 276, 307. 

Johnson, Samuel, 155-171; men- 
tioned, V, ix, X, 3, 21, 49, 50, 60, 
90, 98, 121, 122, 123, 125, 204, 
222, 247, 253, 256, 260, 274; quo- 
ted, 4, 6, 64, 94, 105, 120, 122, 231, 
240, 259, 260, 261, 288, 289, 292. - 

Johnson, Mrs. (mother of Samuel), 
155. 

Johnson, Mrs. (wife of Samuel), 158. 

Jones, Inigo, 12, 51. 

Jones, Owen, 98. 

JoNsoN, Ben, 171-177; mentioned, 
6, 11,' 20, 74, 136, 270, 286. 

Jonson, Mrs. Margaret, 172, 173. 

Joyce, Dr. Thomas, 203. 

Kat, Christopher, 8. 

Kearsley, George, 164. 

Keats, JTohn, 177-182; mentioned, 

27. 
Keats, Thomas, 179, 181. 
Kingsley, Charles, x. 
Kingsley, Henry, x. 
Kingston, Duke of, 218. 
Knatchbull, Sir Edward, 34. 
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, 9. 
Knight, Charles, quoted, 163, 223, 

266. 
Knipp, Mrs., 238. 

Lamb, Charles, 182-193 ; men- 
tioned, V, ix, X, 57, 60, 79, 
131, 132, 133, 138, 144, 146, 178, 
273, 284, 285, 321 ; quoted, 56. 

Lamb, Elizabeth, 183, 186, 273. 

Lamb, John, 183, 186, 273. 

Lamb, John, Jr., 184. 

Lamb, Mary, 79, 131, 132, 144, 185, 
186, 187, 190, 193. 

Landon, Letitia E., 194. 

Landor, Walter Savage, 194- 
195; mentioned, 217. 

Landseer, Sir Edwin, 248. 

Langbaine, Gerrard, 282. 

Langtdn, Bennet, 123, 164. 

Lee, Nathaniel, 195-196. 

Leech, John, 302, 305, 



332 



INDEX OF PERSONS. 



Lemon, Mark, 305. 
Lenox, Mrs. Charlotte, 169. 
L'Estrange, Sir Roger, 208. 
Lever, Charles, x. 
Levett, Robert, 162. 
Lewes, George Henry, 98, 99. 
Lewis, Mrs. (Countess of Beacons- 
field), 89. 
Lewis, Samuel, quoted, 54, 249, 250, 

257. 
Linley, Miss (Mrs. Sheridan), 273. 
Liutot, Bernard, 159. 
Locke, John, 197-198; mentioned, 

227. 
Lockhart, John Gibson, quoted, 33, 

73, 262, 263. 
Lockhart, Mrs. J. G., 262. 
Loftie, Rev. W. J., quoted, 62, 66, 

67, 225, 268, 292, 293. 
Lovelace, Countess of (Augusta Ada 

Byron), 32. 
Lovelace, Richard, 198-199. 
Lover, Samuel, 199-200. 
Lowell, James Russell, mentioned, 

235 ; quoted, 252. 
Lucas, John, 217. 
Lysons, Samuel, quoted, 100. 
Lytton, Lord (see Bulwer Lytton). 

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 

200-204; quoted, 6,22, 257. 
Macaulay, Zachary, 201. 
Macdonald, John, quoted, 292. 
Mackintosh, Sir James, quoted, 224. 
Maclise, Daniel, 85. 
Maitland, William, quoted, 158. 
Malone, Edmund, quoted, 5, 92, 172, 

173, 196, 266. 
Manning, Thomas, 188, 189. 
Manningham, John, quoted, 269. 
Marlowe, Christopher, 204-205. 
Marryat, Florence (see Mrs. Ross 

Church). 
Marryat, Frederick, 205-207. 
Marryat, Joseph, 206. 
Martin, Dr. B. E., quoted, 58, 59, 

80, 84, 85, 87, 88. 
Martin, Sir Theodore, 305. 
Mahyell, Andrew, 207-208, 



Mary I., 108. 
Maseres, Baron, 188. 
Massinger, Philip, 209. 
Masson, David, quoted, 212, 215. 
Mathews, Charles, 34. 
Mathews, Charles James, 305. 
Matthews, Captain Thomas, 273. 
Meteyard, Eliza, quoted, 14. 
Milbanke, Miss (Lady Byron), 32. 
Millais, John Everett, 305. 
Miller, Joe, mentioned, 143; quoted, 

291. 
Milner-Gibson, Tliomas, 85, 86. 
Milner, Rev. Thomas, quoted, 317. 
Milnes, Richard Monckton {see Lord 

Houghton). 
Milton, John, 210-216; mentioned, 

4, 132, 133, 146, 153, 201, 207. 
Milton, Mrs. John (Mary Powell), 

212. 
Milton, John (father of poet), 210. 
Mitford, Dr., 216. 

MiTFORD, Mary Russell, 216-217. 
Montagu, Basil, 248. 
Montagu, Mrs. Basil, 248. 

Montague, Charles, 94. 

Montague, Mrs. (Elizabeth), 312. 

Montague, Mary Wortley, 218- 
219. 

Montgomery, Henry R., quoted, 287. 

Moore, Anne Barbara, 221. 

Moore, Peter, 274. 

Moore, Thomas, 220-221; men- 
tioned, 32, 33, 35, 36, 93, 262; 
quoted, 4, 30, 31, 32, 34, 145, 275. 

Moore, Mrs. Thomas, 220, 221. 

More, Hannah, 222. 

More, Sir Thomas, 222-225. 

More, Thomas, quoted, 225. 

Murphy, Arthur, 226-227; men- 
tioned, 55; quoted, 159. 

Murray, John, 33, 34, 68, 262, 285. 

Napoleon I., 134. 
Nelson, John, quoted, 69. 
Nelson, Lord, 125. 
Nettleton, Robert, 208. 
Neve, Philip, 216. 
Newland, Abr£!,h£^m, 22J, 



INDEX OF PEESONS. 



333 



Kewton, Sir Isaac, 227-229 ; men- 
tioned, 73. 
Nichols, John Gough, 277. 
Nicolas, Sir Harris, 313. 
Noorthhouck, John, quoted, 78. 

Oldfield, Mrs., 64, 103. 

Oldys, William, quoted, 196, 282, 
315, 316. 

Otway, Thomas, 229-230; men- 
tioned, 93. 

Parkes, John James, quoted, 10, 109, 
110, 157. 

Parkes, Joseph, quoted, 109, 110. 

Parnell, Thomas, 243. 

Parr, Dr. Samuel, quoted, 165. 

Patmore,P. G., quoted, 132, 133,135. 

Pembroke, William Herbert, Earl 
of, 269. 

Pembroke, Countess of, 269, 276. 

Penn, William, 231-232. 

Pennant, Thomas, viii. 

Pepys, Samuel, 232-239; men- 
tioned, ix, X ; quoted, 74, 95, 
100, 111. 

Pepys, Mrs. Samuel, 234, 235. 

Percy, Bishop Thomas, quoted, 119, 
121. 

Peter the Great, 100, 234. 

Philips, Robert, quoted, 25, 26. 

Phillipps-Halliwell, 172. 

Pink's History of Clerkenwell, 
quoted, 19, 26", 296, 318. 

Piozzi, Mrs. (see Mrs. Thrale). 

Pitt, William, 109. 

Pope, Alexander, 240-244; men- 
tioned, X, 2, 19, 41, 95, 112, 219, 
245, 247, 257, 289. 

Pope, Alexander (father of the 
poet), 240, 241. 

PoRSON, Richard, 244-245. 

Porter, Mrs. Lucy, 158. 

Procter, Adelaide, 248. 

Procter, B. W., 248; mentioned, 
217; quoted, 133, 146, 257. 

Quarles, Francis. 91. 
Quiney, Richard, 270. 



Radcliffe, Dr. John, 322. 

Raleigh, Carew, 250, 252. 

Raleigh, Lady, 250, 252. 

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 249-252. 

Ralph, James, 110. 

Redding, Cyrus, quote^, 36, 321. 

Reid, Stuart J., quoted, 280, 

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 21, 121, 122, 
123, 153, 160, 161, 167, 168, 222. 

Richard IH., 269. 

Richardson, Samuel, 252-255; 
mentioned, 16, 118; quoted, 215. 

Richardson, Mrs. Samuel, 253, 255. 

Riley, Henry Thomas, 46. 

Ritchie, Mrs. R. (Anne Thackeray), 
303. 

Robinson, Henry C, mentioned, 321; 
quoted, 15, 56, 57, 193. 

Robinson, Jacob, 27. 

Robinson, William, quoted, 314. 

Rochester, Earl of, 95. 

Rogers, Dr. Joseph, 125. 

Rogers, Samuel, 255-258; men- 
tioned, 15, 22, 32, 36, 73, 93, 165, 
221, 262, 284, 321 ; quoted, 33, 57, 
58, 69, 309, 319. 

Roper, Margaret, 225. 

Roscoe, William, quoted, 243. 

Roubilliac, S. F., 257. 

Rousseau, J. J., 143, 144, 162. 

RowE, Nicholas, 258-259. 

Rowton, Lord (see Montagu 
Corry). 

Russell, Dr. William H., 305. 

St. John, Henry (Bolingbroke), 242. 

Salter, Mr. (Don Saltero), 291. 

Saa'Age, Richard, 259-261; men- 
tioned, 157, 288. 

Scott, Sir Walter, 261-263 ; men- 
tioned, 73 ; quoted, 92, 93, 94, 175. 

Severn, Joseph, 181. 

Shad WELL, Thomas, 264 ; men- 
tioned, 92; quoted, 107. 

Shakspere, Edmond, 267, 269. 

Shakspere, 264-271 ; mentioned, 
20, 71, 125. 146, 153, 154, 162, 172, 
175, 176, 215, 216, 257, 286, 301, 
306, 315, 316; quoted, 223, 



334 



INDEX OE PERSONS. 



Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 271-272. 

Shelley, Mrs., 271. 

Shelley, Sir Thnothy, 272. 

Shenstone, William, 272. 

Sheppard, Jack, 143. 

Shekidan, = Richard Brinsley, 
273-275; mentioned, 86, 167. 

Sheridan, Mrs. (Miss Linley), 273. 

Shirley, James, 275-276. 

Shirley, Mrs. James, 276. 

Siddons, Mrs., 283. 

Sidney, Sir Philip, 276-277. 

Sloane, Sir Hans, 224. 

Smith, Charles Roach, quoted, 9, 45, 
246, 254. 

Smith, George, 23. 

Smith, Horace, 277-278. 

Smith, James, 277-278. 

Smith, James, quoted, 23. 

Smith, Robert ('Bobus'), 170, 256, 
280. 

Smith, Sydney, 278-280^; men- 
tioned, 93. 

Smithwick, John, 91. 

Smollett, Tobias, 280-282. 

Somerset, Protector, 311. 

Southerne, Thomas, 282-284. 

SouTHEY, Robert, 284-285; men- 
tioned, 60, 132, 187; quoted, 318, 
319. 

Sparks, Jared, 111. 

Speght, T., quoted, 46. 

Spence, Joseph, 2, 6, 8, 63, 65, 231, 
240. 

Spenser, Edmund, 285-286; men- 
tioned, 91, 146. 

Spenser, Gabriel, 173. 

Spiller, John, 54. 

Sprat, Dean Thomas, 65. 

Stanfield, Clarkson, 85, 217. 

Stanhope, Sir William, 241. 

Stanley, Dean Arthur Penrhyn, men- 
tioned. 315 ; quoted, 47, 86,"^ 91, 112, 
174, 203, 204, 229, 286. 

Staunton, Howard, quoted, 253. 

Steele, Sir Richard, 287-291; 
mentioned, v, x, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 97, 
261. 

Steele, Lady, 288, 289, 290. 



Steele, Mrs. Richard, 288. 

Sterne, Laurence, 292-294. 

Stevens, George, 216. 

Stoddard, Sarah (Mrs. Hazlitt), 131. 

Stow, John, mentioned, viii; quoted, 
48, 104, 127, 173, 195, 227, 235, 
267, 269. 

Strype, John, mentioned, viii; quo- 
ted, 18, 104, 170, 176, 237. 

Stuart, Lady Louisa, 218. 

Stukely, Dr. William, 228. 

Suckling, Sir John, 294-295. 

Suckling, Rev.- Alfred, 295. 

SwEDENBORG, Emanuel, 296-297. 

Swift, Jonathan, 297-300; men- 
tioned, 3, 241, 243; quoted, 7, 247. 

Symington, A. J., quoted, 221. 

Talfourd, Thomas Noon, mentioned, 
188, 191; quoted, 183,185, 188,190, 
191. 

Taylor, John, quoted, 53, 55, 110, 
245.' 

Taylor, John (Water Poet), 301- 
302. 

Taylor, Rev. John, 165. 

Taylor, Tom, mentioned, 302, 305; 
quoted, 228. 

Terence, 97. 

Thackeray, Anne (Mrs. Ritchie), 303. 

Thackeray, William Makepeace, 
302-306; mentioned, ix, 3, 154, 
203; quoted, 2, 105, 287. 

Theodore, King of Corsica, 134. 

Thirlwall, Bishop, 130. 

Thompson, Edward, quoted, 208. 

Thompson, Mrs. A. F., quoted, 72. 

Thomson, James, 307-308. 

Thorne, James, quoted. 14, 36, 65, 
106, 129, 148, 180, 181, 182, 206, 
219, 221, 241, 311, 312. 

Thrale, Henry, 163, 168. 

Thrale, Mrs. Henry, 156, 163; quo- 
ted, 307. 

Throgmorton, Elizabeth (Lady Ra- 
leigh), 250, 252. 

Thurlow, Lord Chancellor, 201. 

Thynne, Charles, 251. 

Tickell, Thomas, 5. 



INDEX or PERSONS. 



335 



Ticknor, George, quoted, 36. 
Timbs, John, quoted, 24, 142, 143, 

240. 
Todd, H. J., quoted, 212, 214. 
Tonson, Jacob, 8, 9. 
TooKE, John Horne, 309-310. 
Traill, H. D., quoted, 293. 
Trevelyan, G. 0., quoted, 201, 202, 

203. 
Trevelyan, Lady, 203. 
Trollope, Anthony, 302, 305. 
Turner, J. M. W., 245. 

Vanbrugh, Sir John, 8. 
Vandyke, 295. 
Vaughan, Sir John, 13. 
Venables, George, 302. 
Vernon and Hood, 137. 
Verrio, Antonio, 144. 
Vertue, George, 295. 
Victoria, Queen, 39, 234, 306. 
Voltaire, quoted, 63, 64. 
Von Homrigh, Esther, 298, 299. 

Walcott, M. E. C, quoted, 27, 47. 

Walford, Edward, quoted, 49, 228, 
230, 259. 

Waller, Edmund, 310-311; men- 
tioned, X. 

Walpole, Horace, 311-313 ; men- 
tioned, 5, 53, 128, 222, 241 ; quoted, 
219, 226. 

Walpole, Sir Robert, 311. 

Walter, James, quoted, 265. 

Walton, Izaak, 313 - 315 ; men- 
tioned, 64 ; quoted, 136, 173. 

Ward, Edward, 315, 316. 

Ward, E. M., R. A., 49. 

Warwick, Countess of, 3, 4, 6, 322. 

Warwick, Earl of, 3, 4, 5. 



Watts, Isaac, 316-317. 
Welwood, Dr., quoted, 259. 
Wesley, John, 318-319. 
Wheatley, B. W., quoted, 114. 
White, Gilbert, quoted, 61. 
White, William, quoted, 297. 
Whitefield, Rev. George, 318. 
Whittington, Richard, 145. 
Wilde, John, 253. 
Wilkes, John, 51. 
Wilkes, Robert, 104. 
Wilkie, David, 153. 
William IH., 264. 
William IV., 125, 270. 
William of Wickham, 126. 
Williams, Anna, 158, 162, 163. 
Williams, Dr. Charles J. B., 24. 
Wilson, Richard, 321. 
Wilson, Sir Robert, 174. 
Winter, William, quoted, 59, 252. 
Witherborne, Dr., 13. 
Wither, John, 320. 
WoLCOT, John, 320-321; men- 
tioned, X. 
WoUstonecraft, Mary (Mrs. Godwin), 

116, 118, 256, 272"! 
Wood, Anthom^, mentioned, 107; 

quoted, 29, 198, 199, 209, 212, 275, 

283, 313, 314. 
Wordsworth, Dorothy, 190. 
Wordsworth, William, 321-322; 

mentioned, 15, 58, 185, 217. 
Wren, Sir Christopher, 45, 92, 136, 

199, 210, 265, 324. 
Wycherley, William, 322-323; 

mentioned, x. 

Yates, Edmund, quoted, 306. 
Young, Edward, 324; mentioned, 
ix, 5, 63. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



Abbotsfoed, 263. 

Abchurch Lane, 102, 290, 300. 

Aberdeen, 69. 

Abingdon Buildings, Westminster, 

71. 
Abingdon Street, Westminster, 71. 
Abney Park Cemetery, 317. 
Acton, 17, 106. 
Adam and Eve Tavern, Kensington 

Koad, 275. 
Adam Street, Adelphi, 139. 
Addlestone, Sm-rey, 75. 
Adelaide Road, 289. 
Adelphi, The, 87, 138, 139. 
Adelphi Club, Maiden Lane, Covent 

Garden, 245. 
Adelphi Terrace, Adelphi, 139, 222, 

249. 
African Tavern, St. Michael's Alley, 

Cornhill, 245. 
Airlie Lodge, Campden Hill, 202, 

203. 
Albany, The, Piccadilly, 23, 32, 202. 
Albemarle Street, Piccadilly, 32, 33, 

34, 35, 53, 68, 102, 115, 263, 284. 
Albert Hall, Kensington, 195. 
Albion Street, Oxford Street, 293, 

303. 
Albion Tavern, Aldersgate Street, 

130. 
Albion Tavern, Russell Street, Co- 
vent Garden, 154-155. 
Albyn House, Parson's Green, 255. 
Aldersgate Street, 64, 75, 108, 130, 

170, 211, 212, 213, 301, 322. 
Aldgate, 46-47. 



22 



Alexandra Palace, 22 L 

Alfred Club, Albemarle Street, 34-35. 

All Hallows Church, Bread Street, 

210. 
All Hallows Lane, Upper Thames 

Street, 239. 
All Saints Church, Fulham, 142. 
Almack's, 305. 

Alma Terrace, Fulham Road, Ham- 
mersmith, 206. 
Almonry Office, Middle Scotland 

Yard, 37. 
Alpha Road, St. John's Wood, 193. 
Amen Corner, Paternoster Row, 279. 
Amen Court, Paternoster Row, 279. 
Amesbury, 112. 
Angel Court, High Street, Borough, 

80. 
Apothecaries' Hall, 265. • 
Apsley House, 261, 273. 
Argyll Lodge, Campden Hill, 203. ^ 
Argyll Road, Kensington Road, 275. 
Argyll Rooms, 295. 
Arlington Street, Piccadilly, 218, 311. 
Arthur Street, Fulham Road, 221. 
Artillery Ground, Bunhill Row, 318. 
Artillery Place, Bunhill Row, 215. 
Artillery Walk, Bunhill Row, 214- 

215. 
Arundel Hotel, Norfolk Street, 

Strand, 232. 
Arundel House, Highgate Hill, 13- 

Arundel House, Strand, 235. 
Arundel Street, Strand, 117, 155, 170, 
235, 258. 



S38 



INMX OF PLACES. 



Athen^um Club, 24, 103, 142-143, 

204, 221, 258, 278, 306. 
Augustus Square, Regent's Park, 153. 
Augustus Street, Regeut's Park, 153. 
Austin Friars, 277. 
'Axe Yard (Fluyder Street), 75, 233. 

Back Lane, Twickenham, 105. 
Bad?: Road, Islington, 250. 
Baker Street, Enfield, 205. 
Baker Street, Portman Square, 23. 
Ball's Pond, Newington Green, 256. 
Bankend, Bankside, 266. 
Bankside, 19, 20, 107, 118, 174, 176, 

209, 266, 270. 
Barbican, Aldersgate Street, 212, 

213, 301. 
Barn-Elms, 9, 65. 
Barnes, 200. 
Barnes Common, 106. 
Barn sbury Road, Penton Street, 126. 
Bartliolomevf Close, Little Britain, 

110, 111, 214. 
Bartholomew Lane, City, 130. 
Bartlett's Buildings, Fetter Lane, 183. 
Bartlett's Passage, Fetter Lane, 183. 
Basingliall Street, 235, 237. 
Bateman's Buildings, Soho Square, 

61. 
Battersea, 65, 242. 
Batt'ersea Bridge, 224. 
Bay Cottage, Edmonton, 192. 
Bavham Street, Camden Town, 79, 

81. 
Bfeyswater, 299. 
Beaconsfield, Bucks, 28, 310. 
Bear and Harrow, Butcher Row, 196. 
Bear-at-the-Bridge-Foot, 295, 323. 
Bear Gardens, 174, 266, 267, 268. 
Bear Inn, Southwark, 238. 
Beauchamp ToAver, Tower of London, 

251. 
Beaufort Buildings, Strand, 106. 
Beaufort House, Chelsea, 224. 
Beaufort Row, Chelsea, 224. 
Beaufort Sti-eet, Chelse;i, 224. 
Beaumont Street, Marylebone, 195, 

248. 
Beckenham, Kent, 129. 



Bedfordbury, 274. 

Bedford Coffee House, Covent Gar- 
den, 51, 61, 106, 226, 242, 274, 312. 
Bedford Gardens (Bedford Square), 

128. 
Bedford Head Tavern, Maiden Lane, 

Covent Garden, 207. 
Bedford Hotel, Covent Garden, 5", 

303. 
Bedford House (Southampton 

House), Bloomsbury Square, 52. 
Bedford Place, Russell Square, 71, 

156, 217. 
Bedford Square, 140. 
Bedford Street, Covent Garden, 49, 

245, 259. 
Bedford Tavern, Maiden Lane, Co- 
vent Garden, 207. 
Beefsteak Club, 51, 62, 63, 226. 
Belgrave Place, Belgrave Square,130. 
Belgrave Square, 130. 
Bell Inn, Aldersgate, 301. 
Bell Inn, Carter Lane, 270, 271. 
Bell Inn, Fore Street, Edmonton, ix, 

192. 
Bell Inn, King Street, Westminster, 

236, 244, 300. 
Bennet's Hill, City, 105. 
Bennett Street, St. James's Street, 

31, 115. 
Bentinck Street, Manchester Square, 

114. 
Berkeley House, Piccadilly, 310. 
Berkeley Square, 53, 71, 219, 311, 

312. 
Berkeley Street, Piccadilly, 240, 241, 

310. 
Berners Street, Oxford Street, 140- 

141, 199. 
Bethlehem Hospital, 175-176. 
Bethnal Green, 69. 
Be vis Marks, 86. . 
Birchin Lane, Cornhill, 44, 128, 200, 

300. 
Bird-in-Hand-Court, Cheapside, 179. 
Bishop of London's Meadows, Ful- 

ham, 24, 143. 
Bishopsgate Street, 185, 195, 268, 

276, 295. 



rl!n)EX OF PLACES. 



sm 



Blackfriars, 112. 
Blackfriars Bridge, 216, 268. 
Blackfriars Road, 141. 
Blackfi-iars Tiieatre, 265, 269. 
Black Jack Tavern, 143. 
Blackman's Street, Southwark, 17. 
Black-Spread-Eagle-Court, Bread 

Street, Cheapside, 210. 
Blandford Square, 98. 
Blandford Street, Portraan Square, 

102. 
Bloody Towei', Tower of Loudon, 

251. 
Bloomfield Street; Finsbury, 196. 
Bloomsbury Square, 10, 17, 52, 87, 

88, 90, 128, 131, 288. 
Bloomsbury Street, 140. 
Blue Bells Tavern, Lincoln's Inn 

Fields, 238. 
Blue Coat School (see Christ-Hos- 
pital). 
Blue Hart Court, Coleman Street, 

20. 
Blue Stocking Club, 312. 
Boar's Head Tavern, Eastcheap, 

125, 270. 
Bodleian Library, Oxford, 9, 234. 
Bolingbroke House, Battersea, 242. 
Bolt Court, Fleet Street, 90, 158, 163, 

164, 165, 222, 256. 
Bolton House, Hampstead, 14. 
Bolton Street, Piccadilly, 34, 73. 
Bond Street, 114, 307. 
Boodle's Club House, 115. 
Borough High Street, 10, 17, 48, 80, 

163, 320. 
Borough Market, Southwark, 70. ' 
Borough Road, Southwark, 17. 
Boswell Court, Carey Street, 195. 
Boulogne, France, 37. 
Bournemouth, 118. 
Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, 133. 
Bow Church, 210. 
Bow Lane, Cheapside, 45. 
Bow Street, Covent Garden, x, 105- 

106, 152, 155, 170, 189, 190, 237, 

243, 299, 307, 310. 
Bradenham House, Buckingham- 
shire, 90. 



Brandenburg House, Hammersmith, 

206. 
Bread Street, Cheapside, 176, 210, 

270, 271. 
Breakneck Stairs, 119, 120. 
Brentford, 177, 309. 
Brew House, Axe Yard, 75. 
Brick Court, Middle Temple Lane, 

105, 121, 123. 
Bridge Street, Westminster, 57. 
Bridgewater House, St. James's 

Street, 240. 
British Coffee House, 170, 282. 
British Institution, Pall Mall, 144. 
British Museum. 25, 53, 89, 128, 140, 

152, 178, 201, 270, 271. 
Broad Court, Bow Street, Long Acre, 

118, 152, 155. 
Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, 227. 
Bromley, 318. 

Brompton, Kensington, 194. 
Brompton, near Huntingdon, 232. 
Brompton Road, 153, 226. 
Brompton Square, 63. 
Brooke Street, Holborn, 42, 43, 44, 

260. 
Brooks's Club, St. James's Street, 28, 

110, 115, 144, 221, 274, 312. 
Brothers' Club, 247, 300. 
Brunswick Square, 248. 
Bruton Street, Berkeley Square, 53, 

151. 
Brydges Street, Drury Lane, 113, 

189, 237. 
Buckingham Court, Strand, 41, 246. 
Buckingham Gate, 115. 
Buckingham House (Buckingham 

Palace), 156, 298. 
Buckingham House, Chelsea, 224. 
Buckingham Palace, 95, 102, 156, 298. 
Buckingham Palace Road, 37, 71. 
Buckingham Street, Strand, 12, 104, 

234, 282. 
Bucklersbury, 223, 224. 
Bull and Bush Tavern, Hammer- 
smith, 8. 
Bullinghani House, Campden Hill, 

228. 
Bull Inn Court., Strand, 238. 



S40 



Index of places. 



Bull Inn, Shoreditch, 227. 
Bull Inn, Tower Hill, 231. 
Bull's Head Tavern, Clare Market, 

290. 
Bull's Head Tavern, Spring Gardens, 

52, 53, 213. 
Bunhill Fields, 25, 26, 78, 214, 215, 

317, 318. 
Bunbill Row, 215. 
Burford Bridge, 180. 
Burlington Arcade, 140. 
Burlington Gardens, 10, 30, 32, 112, 

273, 279. 
Burlington Street, Strand, 113. 
Burnliam, 130. 
Burnham Beeches, 128. 
Bury Street, St. James's Street, 30, 

68, 220, 263, 271, 288, 297, 298. 
Bury Street, St. Mary Axe, 317. 
Butcher Row, 170, 196, 272. 
Button's Coffee House, x, 6, 149, 

175, 260, 291, 300. 

Cadogan Place, Sloane Street, 201. 
Cambridge, 19, 65, 70, 91, 136, 171, 

175, 195, 205, 211, 227, 244, 245, 

293. 
Camden Passage, Islington, 69, 70. 
Camden Town, 321. 
Campden Grove, Kensington, 228. 
Campden Hill, Kensington, 202, 228, 

299. 
Cannon Row, Westminster, 197. 
Cannon Street, 92, 115, 125, 239, 

268, 271. 
Cannon Street Station, 239. 
Cannons, Edgeware, 243. 
Canon Alley, St. Paul's Churchyard, 

109, 167. 
Canonbury Fields, Islington, 87. 
Canonbury House, Islington, 122. 
Canonbury Place, Islington, 122. 
Canonbury Square, Islington, 122. 
Canonbury Tower, Islington, 87, 

122. 
Canon Row, Westminster, 239. 
Canterbury, 48, 225. 
Capel Court, Bartholomew Lane, 130. 
Carey House (Tavern), Strand, 238. 



Carey Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 

74, 19^ 
Carlisle Street, Soho, 61. 
Carlton House, 18, 258. 
Carmarthen, Wales, 290. 
Carter Lane, Doctors' Commons, 265, 

270. 
Castle Street, Cavendish Square, 167. 
Castle Street, Holborn, 74. 
Castle Tavern, Henrietta Street, Co- 
vent Garden, 273. 
Castle Tavern, Islington, 54. 
Castle Tavern, Savoy, 238. 
Castle Yard, Holborn, 74. 
Cat and Fiddle Inn, 8, 218. 
Catherine Street, Strand, 156, 237. 
Cavendish Square, 30, 36, 109, 151, 

219. 
Cavendish Street, Cavendish Square, 

151. 
Chalfont, Bucks, 232. 
Chalton Street, Euston Road, 116. 
Chancery Lane, 64, 133, 135, 172, 173, 

188, 191, 238, 239, 274, 313, 316. 
Chandos Street, Covent Garden, 142, 

239, 274. 
Change Alley, Cornhill, 300. 
Channel Row, Westminster, 197. 
Chantry House, 72. 
Chapel Place, Poultry, 137. 
Chapel Royal, St. James's, 141. 
Chapel Street, Mayfair, 40, 41, 271. 
Chapel Street, Pentonville, 187-188. 
Chapel Street, Portland Place, 320. 
Chapel Street, Somers Town, 116. 
Chapter Coifee House, Paternoster 

Row, 22, 44, 124. 
Chapter House Court, Paternoster 

Row, 44. 
Charing Cross, 41, 53, 171, 176, 2l3, 

233, 236, 238, 239, 244, 246, 260, 

268, 307. 
Charing Cross Station, 12, 81. 
Charles Street, Berkeley Square, 23- 

24, 280. 
Charles Street, Berners Street, 199. 
Charles Street, Manchester Square, 

102. 
Charles Street, Portland Square, 102. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



341 



Charles Street, St. James's Square, 

26, 28, 68, 104. 
Charles Street, Westnimster,^ 75, 247. 
Charlotte Street, Bedford Square, 140. 
Charter House, 108, 222, 275. 
Charter House Lane, 19. 
Charter House School, 1, 2, 75, 129, 

198, 287, 302, 318. 
Charter House Square, v, 1, 19, 75. 
Charter House Street, 19. 
Charter House Yard, 18. 
Chase Side, Enlleld, 191. 
Chatelain's Coffee House, 238. 
Cheapside, 77, 136, 175-176, 179, 

211, 236, 239, 270, 322. 
Chelsea, viii, 1, 3, 38, 63, 99, 112, 
146, 153, 197, 223, 224, 264, 281- 
282, 288, 291, 298, 311. 
Chelsea Church, 63, 225, 264, 290, 

298. 
Chelsea Hospital, 311. 
Chelsea Workhouse, Fulham Road, 

197. 
Chenies Street, Tottenham Court 

Eoad, 151. 
Chertsey, 65-66. 

Cheshire Cheese Tavern, 120, 170. 
Cheshunt, Herts, 317. 
Chesterfield House, 49, 50. 
Cheyne Row, Chelsea, 99. 
Chejme Walk, Chelsea, 112, 282. 
Chigwell, 232. 

Chigwell Grammar School, 232. 
Child's Bank, Fleet Street, 6, 175. 
Child's Coffee House, 7. 
Cliiswell Street, Finsbury Square, 

108, 215. 
Chiswick, 241. 
Chiswick Church, 241. 
Chiswick Lane, 241. 
Christ Church, Enfield, 191. 
Christ Church, IN'ewgate Street, 18. 
Christ Church, Oxford, 232. 
Christ-Hospital, 56-57, 60, 144, 183, 

184, 253. 
Churches : All Hallows,- Bread Street, 
210; All Saints, Fulham, 142; Bow, 
210; Chapel Royal, St. James's, 
141; Chelsea, 63, 225, 264, 290, 298 ; 



Chiswick, 241; Christ, Enfield, 
191; Christ, Newgate Street, 18; 
Christ, Oxford, 232; Danish, Well- 
close Square, 54; Edmonton, 192- 
193; Grosvenor Chapel, South 
Audley Street, 41, 50, 219; Hack- 
ney, 77; Hampstead, 15; Holy 
Trinity, Little Queen Street, Hol- 
born, 187; Kensington (^ee St. 
Mary, Kensington); Lady Chapel, 
Westminster Abbey, 47; Mnrylc- 
bone, 146; Orange Chapel, St. 
Martin's Street, Leicester Square, 
227; St. Andrew's, Holborn, 87, 
131-132, 259 ; St. Andrews-by-the- 
Wardrobe, 265; St. Ann's, Carter 
Lane, 265; St. Ann's, Soho, 134; 
St. Bartholomew the Great, 214; 
St. Benedict's Chapel, Westminster 
Abbey, 20, 48; St. Benet's, Paul's 
Wharf, 105; St. Bennet Fink, 16, 
240; St. Botolph's, Aldgate, 47; 
St. Bride's, Fleet Street, 92, 199, 
211, 212, 255 ; St. Clement Danes, 
92, 117, 165-166, 170, 195, 196, 
231; St. Dunstan's, Canterbury, 
225; St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street, 
6, 17, 91, 198, 257; St. Faith's, 
211; St. George's, Hanover Square, 
4, 99, 293; St. George's, South- 
wark, 80, 81, 320; St. Giles's, 
Cripplegate, 76, 77, 108, 215, 216; 
St. Giles's-in-the-Fields, 208, 276; 
St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, 268; 
St. James's, Clerkenwell, 314; St. 
James's, Garlickhithe, 45; St. 
John's Chapel, Hampstead, 182; 
St. John the Evangelist, Smith 
Square, 50-51; St. Katherine Cree, 
47; St. Lawrence's, Brentford, 309; 
St. Luke's, Chelsea, 63, 225, 2G4, 
290, 298; St. Margaret's, West- 
minster, 35, 66-67, 233, 252, 310; 
St. Martin' s-in-the-Fields, 11, 41, 
92, 104, 171, 172, 173, 220, 
245, 278, 301, 302; St. Mary-Al- 
dermary, 45; St. Mary-af-Hill, 
324; St.. Mary Axe, 87,' 317; S.t, 
Marylebone, 12, 30; St. Mary- 



342 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



le-Bow, 210; St. Mary-le-Savoy, 
320; St. Man'-le-Strand, 116; St. 
Mary-Magdalen, Milk Street, 17; 
St. Marv-Magdalen, Richmond, 
308; St.' Mary-Overy, 107, 108, 
126, 127, 209, 266, 267, 269; St. 
Mary's Chapel, "Westminster Ab- 
bey, 47; St. Mary's, Ealing, 309; 
St. Mary's, Kensington, 62, 63, 
151, 203;' St. Mary's, Putney, 113; 
St. Mary's, Wyndham Place, Bry- 
anston Square, 194; St. Mary- 
Woolchurch, 275; St. MichaeP's, 
Cornhill, 128; St. Michael's, High- 
gate, 58; St. Michael's, Old Ve- 
rulam, 13; St. Mildred's, Bread 
Street, 271; St. Nicholas's, Dept- 
ford, 204-205; St. Olive's, Hart 
Street, 233, 234, 235, 238; St. Pan- 
cras-in-the-Fields, 116, 118, 271, 
273, 316; St. Paul's Cathedral, 39, 
109, 276-277, 279; St. Paul's, Co- 
vent Garden, x, 29, 41, 218, 283, 
284, 302, 321, 323 ; St. Paul's, Dock 
Street, 54; St. Paul's, Hammer- 
smith, 226 ; St. Peter's, Southwark, 
268; St. Saviour's, Southwark, 
107, 108, 126, 127, 209, 266, 267, 
269; St. Sepulchre's, Holborn, 26, 
116. 117; St. Swithin's, London 
Stone, 92; St. Vedast's, Foster 
Lane, 136; Savoy Chapel, 46, 320; 
Stepney, 250; Stoke Newington, 
16; Stoke Pogis, 129; Swedish, 
Ratcliffe Highway, 296; Temple, 
123; Tower Chapel, 225; Twicken- 
ham, 242; Westminster Abbey, 5, 
20, 24, 37, 39, 47, 51, 53, 66, 74, 91, 
94, 101, 112, 130, 164-165, 172, 
173, 174, 203-204, 214, 227, 229, 
259, 264, 274, 285, 286, 288, 315; 
Zoar Chapel, Southwark, 25. 

Church Entry, Carter Lane, 265. 

Church Lane, Chelsea, 298. 

Church Road, Battersea, 242. 

Church Row, Islington, 250. 

Church Street, Chelsea, 264, 298. 

Church Street, Edmonton, 178, 192. 

Church Street, Fulham Road, 221. 



Church Street, Greenwich, 157. 

Church Street, Kensington, 228. 

Church Street, Stoke Newington, 16, 
77. 

Cider Cellar, Maiden Lane, Covent 
Garden, 245. 

Circus Road, St. John's Wood, 154. 

City Road, viii, 26, 126, 146, 317, 
318, 319. 

City Road Chapel, 319. 

Clapham, 138, 200, 201, 234, 253. 

Clapham Common, 201. 

Clare Market, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
54, 55, 196, 290. 

Clarence Gate, Regent's Park, 262. 

Clarendon Hotel, New Bond Street, 
167. 

Clarendon Square, Somers Town, 116. 

Clarges Street, Piccadilly, 40, 202. 

Clement's Inn, 222. 

Clerkenwell, 157, 172, 314, 315, 318. 

Clerkenwell Green, 315. 

Cleveland Court, St. James's Street, 
240. 

Cleveland Row, St. James's Street, 
141. 

Clifford Street, New Bond Street, 32. 

Clifton's Tavern, Butcher Row, 170. 

Clink Street, Southwark, 266. 

Clock House, Hampstead, 15. 

Cloth Fair, City, 214. 

Clothworkers' Hall, Mincing Lane, 
235 

Club, The, X, 21, 22, 28, 115, 123, 
131, 167, 204, 274, 280. 

Clubs: Adelphi, Maiden Lane, Co- 
vent Garden, 245; Alfred, Albe- 
marle Street, 34-35; Athenjeum, 
24, 103, 142, 143, 204, 221, 258, 278, 
306; Beefsteak, 51, 62, 63, 226; 
Blue Stocking, 312; Boodle's, 115; 
Brooks's, 28, 110, 115, 144, 221, 
274, 312; Brothers', 247, 300; Club, 
The, X, 21, 22, 28, 115, 123, 131, 
167, 204, 274, 280; Cocoa Tree, 
8, 35, 115; Conservative, 114, 204; 
Crockford's, 142; Devonshire, 142; 
Dilettanti Society, 62; East India 
Service, 110; Eccentric 274; Gar- 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



343 



rick, 200, 278, 306, 307; Gratis, 
155; Hook and Eye, 154; Ivy 
Lane, 166, 169; King of Clubs, 
170, 258, 288; King's Head, 166, 
167; Kit Kat, 8, 64, 218, 289, 290; 
Literary (see T?he Club) ; Mulberry, 
118; Museum, 155; October, 243, 
244, 300; Our Club, 154; Reform, 
154, 306; Rota, 208, 238; Saville, 
274; Scriblereus, 113, 243, 244, 300; 
Spiller's Head, 54; The Club (see 
Club, The); Union, 278; United 
Service, 207; Watier's, 34; White's, 
54; Whittington, 153, 170, 258. 

Clunn's Tavern, Covent Garden, 154. 

Cockpit Alle}'-, Drury Lane, 75. 

Cockpit Place, Drury Lane, 75. 

Cockpit Theatre, 75. 

Cockspur Street, 170, 282. 

Cock Tavern, Bow Street, Covent 
Garden, 322, 323. 

Cock Tavern, Fleet Street, 170, 238. 

Cock Tavern, Suffolk Street, Hay- 
market, 238. 

Cock Tavern, Tothill Street, 284. 

Cocoa Tree Club, 8, 35, 115. 

Cocoa Tree Tavern, 7-8, 247, 259. 

Coffee Houses (see Taverns). 

Coldbath Fields, 296. 

Coldbath Square, 296. 

Colebrook Cottage, Islington, 190, 
284. 

Colebrook Row, Islington, 54, 88, 
190, 191. 

Colebrook Terrace, Islington, 190. 

College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn 
Fields, 74. 

College Street, Camden Town, 82. 

College Street, Westminster, 70, 114, 
179. 

Combe-Florey, 280. 

Compton Road, Islington, 122. 

Compton Street, Clerkenwell, 75. 

Compton Street, Soho, 123, 167. 

Conduit, Cheapside, 77. 

Conduit Street, Regent Street, 21, 
81, 152. 

Coney Court, Gray's Inn, 12. 

Connaught Square, 194. 



Conservative Club, 114, 204. 
Consolidated Bank, Thfeadueedle 

Street, 222. 
Copt Hall, Twickenham, 105. 
Cornhill, 77, 127-128, 200, 239, 245, 

300. 
Cousin Lane, Upper Thames Street, 

239. 
Covent Garden, v, 51, 95, 128, 154, 

155, 190, 219, 226, 237, 238, 239, 

242, 273, 283, 321. 
Covent Garden Theatre, 51, 62, 226, 

322. 
Coventry Street, Haymarket, 242, 

295. 
Cowley House, Chertse}', 65. 
Cowper's Court, Birchin Lane, 45. 
Cox's Hotel, Jermyn Street, 30. 
Cragg's Court, Charing Cross, 307. 
Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, 

61. 
Crane Court, Fleet Street. 229. 
Craven Cottage, Fulham, 24. 
Craven Street, Strand, 10, 111, 278. 
Crockford's Club House, 142. 
Cromwell House, Highgate Hill, 207. 
Cromwell Lane, Brompton, 146. 
Cromwell Lodge, Parson's Green, 255. 
Cromwell Road, South Kensington, 

112. 
Crooked Billet Tavern, Wimbledon, 

309. 
Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate Street, 223, 

268, 269, 276. 
Crosby Place, 223, 268, 269, 276. 
Cross Court, Bow Street, Covent Gar- 
den, 118, 155. 
Cross Keys Inn, St. John Street, 

Clerkenwell, 260. 
Crown and Anchor Tavern, Arundel 

Street, Strand, 155, 170, 2.58, 280. 
Crown and Horse-Shoes, Enfield, 191. 
Crown Court, Chancery Lane, 313. 
Crown Office Row, Temple, 182, 183, 

303. 
Crown Tavern, Hercules' Pillars 

Alley, 237. 
CroAvn Tavern, King Street, Cheap- 
side, 260. 



344 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



Crown Tavern, King Street, West- 
minster, 244. 

Crown Tavern, Vinegar Yard, 274. 

Crutched Friars, Mark Lane, 234, 
235. 

Cursitor Street, 173, 274. 

Curtain Court, Slioreditch, 172. 

Curtain Theatre (Green Curtain), 
Shoreditch, 172, 173, 204. 

Curzon Street, Mayfair, 89, 280. 

Cut-throat Lane, Stoke Newington, 
77. 

Czar Street, Evelyn Street, Deptford, 
101. 

Dalston, 184. 

Danish Church, Wellclose Square, 

54. 
Dartmouth Street, Westminster, 283- 

284. 
Dawley Court, Harrington, Middle- 

sex,'242. 
Deacon Street, Walworth Road, 284. 
Deadman's Place, South wark, 70, 

266. 
Dean Street, Borough, 178, 179. 
Dean Street, Soho, 61, 78, 124, 125, 
. 134. 

Dean's Yard, Westminster, 27, 114. 
De Foe Street, Stoke Newington, 

77. 
Delahay Street, Westminster, 246. 
Denman Street, Southwark, 10. 
Deptford, 100, 101, 204-205. 
Deptford Dockyard, 205. 
Deptford Green, 205. 
Derby Street, Westminster, 81. 
Devereux Court, Strand, 7, 10, 124, 

168, 229, 247, 285. 291. 

Devil Tavern, Fleet Street, 6, 7, 124, 

169, 175, 238, 290, 300. 
Devonshire Club, 142. 
Devonshire House, Piccadilly, 240, 

310. 
Devonshire Terrace, Regent's Park, 

83. 
Dick's Coffee House, Fleet Street, 8, 

67, 290. 
Dilettanti Society, 62. 



Dock Street, Royal Mint Street, 54. 

Dolphin Tavern, Seething Lane, 
236. 

Don Saltero's, Chelsea, 112, 282, 
291. 

Dorant's Hotel, Jermyn Street, 30. 

Dorset Buildings, Salisbury Square, 
229. 

Dorset Court, Salisbury Square, 197- 
198. 

Dorset Court, Cannon Row, West- 
minster, 197. 

Dorset Garden Theatre, 229. 

Dorset Street, Baker Street, 23. 

Dorset Street, Salisbury Square, 229. 

Doughty Street, Mecklenburgh 
Square, 82, 83, 278-279. 

Dover Street, Piccadilly, 101, 271. 

Dove's Tavern, Upper Mall, Ham- 
mersmith, 227, 308. 

Downing Street, 21, 71, 75, 280, 

3n. 

Downshire Hill, Hampstead, 181, 

182. 
Down Street, Piccadilly, 133. 
Drapers' Garden, 130, 200. 
Drapers' Hall, 200. 
Drummond's Bank, 246. 
Drurv Lane, 75, 152, 189, 274. 
Drurv Lane Theatre, 52, 103, 113, 

239. 
Dryden Press, viii, 92. 
Duke of York's Tavern, Shire Lane, 8. 
Duke's Head Tavern, Parson's 

Green, 255. 
Duke's Place, Bury Street, St. Mary 

Axe, 317. 
Duke Street, City, 47, 214. 
Duke Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 

110, 111, 196. 
Duke Street, St. James's Street, 

28, 37, 205, 220, 263. 
Duke Street, Strand, 12. 
Duke Street, Westminster, 246, 247. 
Duke's Theatre, Lincoln's Inn 

Fields, 74, 75, 195. 
Dulwich, 130. 
Dulwich College, 130. 
Durham House, 249. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



345 



Ealing, 106, 200, 309. 
Earl's Court Road, 150. 
Earl's Terrace, Kensington Road, 

150. 
East Barnet, 194. 
Eastcheap, 125, 270, 324. 
East Heath Road, Hampstead, 9. 
East India House, 185, 186. 
East India Service Club, 110. 
Eaton Street, Pimlico, 37. 
Eccentric Club, 274. 
Ecclestou Street, Pimlico, 72, 130. 
Edgeware Road, viii, 122, 146. 
Edinburgh, 287. 

Edith Villas, Hammersmith, 254. 
Edmonton, 144, 178, 192, 193. 
Edmonton Church, 192, 193. 
Edwardes Square, Kensington, 58, 

148. 
Edward Street, Soho, 275. 
Eldon Chambers, 7, 229. 
Elia Cottage, Colebrook Row, Isling- 
ton, 191. 
Elm Tree Road, St. John's Wood, 

138. 
Emerson Street, Southwark, 266. 
Enfield, 89, 178, 191, 192, 193, 205. 
Essex Court, Middle Temple, 100, 

244. 
Essex Court, Strand, 7- 
Essex Hall, Higham Hill, Waltham- 

stow, 88-89. 
Essex Head Tavern, 168. 
Essex House, Essex Street, Strand, 

197, 285. 
Essex Road, Islington, 250. 
Essex Street, Strand, 28, 168, 197, 

227, 272,-285, 291. 
Eton, 309, 
Eton College, 128. 
Euston Road, viii, 146. 
Euston Square, 321. 
Evetyn Street, Deptford, 101. 
Eversham Buildings, Somers Town, 

116. 
Exeter Change, 112, 113. 
Exeter House, Essex Street, Strand, 

197, 238, 285. 
Exeter Street, Strand, 106, 156. 



Falcon Dock, Bankside, 176, 268, 

270. 
Falcon Inn, Bankside, 25, 176, 268, 

270. 
Falcon Wharf, Bankside, 176, 270. 
Farrar's Buildings, Inner Temple, 21. 
Farringdon Market, 44. 
Farringdon Street, 301, 323. 
Feathers Tavern, 187. 
Featherstone Buildings, Holborn, 

273. 
Fenchurch Street, 235, 236, 239. 
Fetter Lane, 17, 92, 93, 183, 230, 

238. 
Finch Lane, Cornhill, 16. 
Finchle}^, 248. 
Finchley Road, 138. 
FinsburV Circus, 78, 177, 178, 196. 
Finsbury Pavement, 78, 196. 
Fischer's Hotel (Stevens's), New 

Bond Street, 31. 
Fish Street, City, 118. 
Fish Street Hilf, 239. 
Fleece Tavern, Covent Garden, 237. 
Fleet Lane, 323. 
Fleet Market, 119. 
Fleet Prison, 232, 323. 
Fleet River, 301. 
Fleet Street, v, ix, 6, 8, 17, 27, 46, 

64, 67, 91, 92, 118, 119, 120, 124, 

164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 175, 183, 

197, 199, 211, 236, 237, 238, 253, 

255, 275, 276, 290, 300, 313, 314. 
Fleur-de-lys Court, Fetter Lane, 93. 
Fluyder Street, Westminster, 75, 

223. 
Foley Place, Regent Street, 37. 
Fordhook, 106. 
Fore Street, Cripplegate, 108. 
Fore Street, Edmonton, 192. 
Fortis Green, 130. 
Foster Lane, Cheapside, 136. 
Foundling Hospital, 279, 303. 
Foundry, Moorfields, 318. 
Fountain Court, Middle Temple, 121. 
Fountain Court, Strand, 170, 290. 
Fountaine Tavern, Strand, 170, 290, 

300. 
Fox Court, Holborn, 259, 260. 



346 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



Francis Street, Gower Street, 79. 
Freeman's Court, Cornhill, 76. 
Friday Street, Cheapside, 176, 270. 
Frith Street, Soho, 133-134, 149, 217. 
Frognal, Hampstead, 157. 
Fulhain, 1, 2, 3, 10, 13, 23, 24, 131, 

141, 194, 254, 255. 
Fulham Road, 131, 153, 197, 206, 221, 

298. 
Ful wood's Rents, Holborn, 8, 315- 

316. 
Furnival's Inn, 74, 82, 223. 

Gad's Hill, 84, 86. 

Garden Court, Middle Temple, 121. 

Garden House Tower, 251. 

Garlickhithe, 45. 

Garraway's Coffee House, 300. 

Garrick Club, 200, 278, 306-307. - 

Garrick Street, Covent Garden, 29, 

96, 278, 307. 
Gate House, Highgate, 59. 
Gate House, Westminster, 27, 198, 

236, 251, 261. 
Gate Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 

187. 
General Post Office, 97. 
George Court, Strand, 12. 
George's Row, Hj'de Park, 149. 
George Street, Hanover Square, 219. 
George Street, Manchester Square, 

102. 
George Street, Portland Square, 220. 
George Tavern, Church Street, Ken- 
sington, 228. 
George Tavern, Pall Mall, 300. 
George Tavern, Strand, 226, 227, 272. 
Gerard Street, Soho, x, 28, 93, 94, 

167, 222. 
Germain Street (see Jermyn Street). 
Gilpin Grove, Edmonton, 192. 
Giltspur Street, 144. 
Girdlers' Hall, Basinghall Street, 316. 
Globe Alley, Bankside, 266. 
Globe Tavern, Bankside, 266. 
Globe Tavern, Fleet Street, 124, 300. 
Globe Theatre, Bankside, 19, 174, 

266, 267, 268, 269. 
Gloucester Place, Enfield, 191. 



Gloucester Place, Marvlebone Road, 

146. 
Gloucester Row, Shoreditch, 172. 
Gloucester Street, Shoreditch, 172. 
Goat Tavern, Charing Cross, 238. 
Golden Eagle Tavern, New Street, 

238. 
Golden Fleece Tavern, Edmonton, 

192. 
Golden Hart Tavern, Greenwich, 157. 
Golden Lion Tavern, Charing Cross, 

238. 
Golder's Hill, North End, Fulham, 

10. 
Goldsmith House, Peckham, 119. 
Gordon's Hotel, Albemarle Street, 

32. 
Gore House, Kensington, 195, 220. 
Gothic House, Wimbledon Common, 

207. 
Gough Square, Fleet Street, 89, 141, 

158. 
Gower Place, Euston Square, 117. 
Gower Street. Bedford Square, 79, 80, 

151. 
Grace Church Street, City, 125. 
Grafton Street, New Bond Street, 32, 

167. 
Grammar School, Highgate, 59, 60. 
Granby Street, Hampstead Road, 82. 
Grand Junction Canal, 242. 
Grange, North Jlnd, Hammersmith, 

254. 
Gratis Club, 155. 
Gravel Lane, Southwark, 25. 
Gravel Pits, Kensington, 299. 
Gray's Inn, 12, 28, 121 , 159, 202, 220, 

275, 276, 284, 315, 316. 
Gray's Inn Gardens, 88. 
Gray's Inn Lane, 275, 281. 
Gray's Inn Road, 88, 260. 
Gray's Inn Square, 12, 13. 
Great Bath Street, Coldbath Square, 

296. 
Great Bell Alley, Coleman Street, 20. 
Great Bell Yard, Coleman Street, 20. 
Great Chapel Street, Soho, 61. 
Great Cheyne Row, Chelsea, viii, 38, 

147. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



347 



Great College Street, Westminster, 

70, 71, 179. 
•Great Coram Street, 303. 
Great George Street, Westminster, 

34, 202, 274. 
Great Newport Street, Long Acre, 

309. 
Great Ormond Street, 201. 
Great Peter Street, Westminster, 137. 
Great Portland Street, Oxford Street, 

21, 320. 
Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn 

Fields, 61, 111, 217, 273. 
Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury 

Square, 131, 140, 271. 
Great Sanctuary, Westminster, 239. 
Great Scotland Yard, 307. 
Great Smith Street, Westminster, 

179. 
Great Tower Hill, 231. 
Great Tower Street, 234. 
Great Turnstile, Holborn, 213, 273. 
Great Wild Street, Drury Lane, 75, 

111. 
Great Winchester Street, City, 18. 
Great Windmill Street, Piccadill}', 

14, 295. 
Grecian Chambers, Devereux Court, 

Strand, 7. 
Grecian Coffee House, Devereux 

Court, Strand, 7, 10, 124, 168, 229, 

291. 
Greek Street, Soho, 78, 123, 152, 

167. 
Green Arbor Court, Old Bailey, 119- 

120. 
Green Curtain Theatre (see Curtain 

Theatre). 
Green Street, Grosvenor Square, 280. 
Greenwich, 157. 
Gresham College, Gresham Street, 

235. 
Gresham College, Old Broad Street, 

235. 
Gresham House, Old Broad Street, 

235. 
Gresham Street, 235, 236. 
Grey Friars Monastery, Newgate 

Street, 57. 



Grocers' Hall, 277. 

Grocers' Hall Court, Poultry, 137, 

277. 
Grosvenor Chapel, South Audley 

Street, 41, 50, 219. 
Grosvenor Place, Pimlico, 37. 
Grosvenor Square, 24. 
Grove End Road, St. John's Wood, 

248. 
Grove, Highgate, 58-59. 
Grove Terrace, Hammersmith, 254. 
Grub Street, St. Giles's, 78, 108. 
Guildford Street, Chertsey, 65. 
Guildhall, 265. 

Gunpowder Alley, Shoe Lane, 199. 
Guy's Hospital, 81. 

Hackney, 77, 86. 

Hackney Church, 77. 

Half Moon Passage, Aldersgate 

Street, 64, 176, 323. 
Half Moon Street, Piccadilly, 21, 73, 

133. 
Half Moon Tavern, Aldersgate Street, 

64, 176, 323. 
Hall Court, Middle Temple, 100. 
Hamilton IPlace, Hyde Park Corner, 

261. 
Hammersmith. 8, 148-149, 206, 226 

227, 254, 308. 
Hammersmith Bridge, 227, 308. 
Hammersmith Road, 58, 194, 211, 

254. 
Hammersmith Terrace, 226. 
Hampstead, 112, 128, 157, 179, 180, 

181, 289. 
Hampstead Church, 15. 
Hampstead Heath, 9, 68, 148, 179, 

180, 242, 271. 
Hampstead Hill, 12. 
Hampstead Lane, Highgate, 59. 
Hampstead Road, 82. 
Hampton Court, 289. 
Hampton Court Green, 102-103. 
Hand Court, Holborn, 187. 
Hand-in-Hand Tavern, Wimbledon, 

309. 
Hanover Court, Long Acre, 302. 
Hanover Gate, Regent's Park, 202. 



B48 



INDEX OE PLACES. 



Hanover Square, 41, 99, 219. 
Hanwell, 151. 

Harcourt Buildings, Middle Temple 
. Lane, 183, 

Hare Court, Temple, 8, 189. 
Harley Street, Cavendish Square, 

109, 248. 
Harp Alle}^, Shoe Lane, 314. 
Harrington, Middlesex, 242. . 
Harrington Road, South Kensington, 

146. 
Harris Place, Sloane Street, 194, 

216, 217, 271. 
Harrow Tavern, Fleet Street, 313. 
Hartshorne Lane (Northumberland 

. Street, Strand), 171-172. 
Hart Street, Bloomsburv Square, 88. 
Hai-t Street, Covent Garden, 302. 
Hart Street, Crutched Friars, 233, 

234, 235, 238. 
Hastings Street, Burton Crescent, 

271. 
Hatton Garden, 322. 
Haycock's Ordinary, 208. 
Hayes Station, 242. 
Haymarket, 1, 2, 9, 18, 104, 128, 274. 
Haymarket Theatre, 104. 
Hay's Lane, Tooley Street, South- 

wark, 179. 
Hayward's Place, St. John's Gate, 

Clerkenwell, 75. 
Heath Road, Twickenham, 219. 
Heaven Tavern, Lindsay Lane, 238. 
Hellespont, 56. 

Hell Tavern, Westminster, 238. 
Hendon Road, Hampstead Heath, 68. 
Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, 

222, 273. 
Henrjr VII. 's Chapel, Westminster 

Abbey, 5-6, 47. 
Hercules' Pillars Alley, Fleet Street, 

237.. 
Hercules' Pillars Tavern, Hyde Park, 

273, 291. 
Hertford Street, Mayfair, 23, 273, 

279. 
Hertingfordbury, 9. 
Higham Hill, Walthamstow, 89. 
Highgate,.13, 58-59, 60, 128, 148. 



Highgate Cemetery, 99, 103, 130, 
Highgate Churchyard, 59-60. 
Highgate Grammar School, 258. 
Highgate Hill, 13, 58, 207. 
High Holborn, 316. 
High Laver, Essex, 198. 
High Road, Tottenham, 314. 
High Street, Borough, 10, 17, 48, 80, 

163, 320. 
High Street, Clapham, 200. 
High Street, Hampstead, 16. 
High Street, Islington, 70, 126. 
High Street, Kensington, 62, 150, 

305. 
High Street, Marylebone, 12, 30, 83. 
High Street, Putney, 149. 
Hill Streetj Berkeley Square, 312. 
Hill, The, Hampstead Heath, 68. 
Holborn, 44, 116-117, 133, 183, 187, 

212, 213, 214, 260, 273, 313. 
Holborn Bridge, 26. 
Holborn Hill, 301. 
Holborn Viaduct, 26, 117, 120, 131, 

301. 
Holland Arms Inn, Kensington, 4. 
Holland House, 1, 3, 4, 68, 202, 220, 

258, 275, 279, 299. 
Holland Lane, 4. 
Holland Park, 150. 
Holland Street, South wark, 270. 
Holies Street, Cavendish Square, 30. 
Holly Bush Inn, Hampstead, 14. 
Holly Hill, Hampstead, 14. 
Holly Lodge, Campden Hill, 202- 

203. 
Holy Trinity Church, Little Queen 

Street, Holborn, 187. 
Holywell Lane, Shoreditch, 172, 204. 
Holywell Street, Strand, 1S6. 
Hook and Eye Club, 154. 
Hope Theatre, Bankside, 268. 
Hornsey Churchyard, 258. 
Horse and Groom Tavern, Edmonton, 

192. 
Horsemonger Lane, 145, 146. 
Horsemonger Lane Gaol, 145-146. 
Hotels (see Taverns). 
Houndsditch, 47. 
House of Commons, 27, 76, 207, 238. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



349 



House of Lords, 31. 

Houses of Parliament, 71, 118. 

Howard Street, Strand, 63. 

Hoxton Fields, Shoreditch, 173. 

Hoxton Square, Shoreditch, 173. 

Hull, 207. 

Hummums Hotel, Covent Garden, 

68, 69. 
Hungerford Market, Strand, 80-81. 
Hungerford Stairs, Strand, 80-81. 
Huntington, 232, 233. 
Hutton Street, Salisbury Square, 

229. 
Hyde Park, 149, 273, 293, 303. 
Hyde Park Corner, 240, 242, 261, 309. 
Hyde Park Place, 85. 

Inner Temple, 19, 21, 46, 62, 67, 

309. . 
Inner Temple Gateway, 27, 160, 275. 
Inner Temple Lane, 21, 159, 160, 

161, 189. 
Inns (see Taverns). 
Institution of Civil Engineers, Great 

George Street, Westminster, 34. 
Ireland Yard, Doctors' Commons, 265, 

266. 
Ironmongers' Lane, 179. 
Islington, 53, 54, 60, 69-70, 86-87, 

122, 126, 249, 308. 
Islington Green, 69. 
Ivy Lane, Newgate Street, 44, 166, 

167, 187. 
Ivy Lane Club, 166, 169. 

Jack's Coffee House (Walker's 

Hotel), 124-125. 
Jacob's Wells Mews, George Street, 

Manchester Square, 102. 
James Street, York Street, Bucking- 
ham Gate, 115. 
Jeffreys Street, Camden Town, 82. 
Jermyn Street, St. James's Street, 

18,' 104, 128, 227, 263, 272, 274, 

288. 
Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster 

Abbey, 5, 64, 229. 
Jerusalem Tavern, St. John's Gatie, 

157. 



Jewin Street, Cripplegate, 214. 

Jewry Street, City, 47. 

Johnson's Buildings, Inner Temple,, 

21, 159, 189. 
Johnson's Court, Fleet Street, 158, 

162, 163. 
John Street, Bedford Row, 87. 
John Sti'eet, Hampstead, 180, 181, 

182. 
John Street, Mecklenburgh Square," 

82-88. 
John Street, Pall Mall, 262. 
Joiner Street, Southwafk, 10. 
Jolly Farmer Tavern, Church Street,. 

Edmonton, 192. 
Jump Tavern, 143. 

Keats' s Bench, Well Walk, Hamp- 
stead, 180. 

Keats's Corner, Well Road, Hamp- 
stead, 180. 

Keats's Cottage, John Street, Hamp- 
stead, 182. 

Keats's Villa, Well Road, Hamp- 
stead, 180. 

Kensal Green Cemetery, 72, 139, 149^ 
152, 280, 305. 

Kensington, 1, 3, 4, 9, 62, 63, 111, 
202, 228, 229, 299, 303, 304, 305. 

Kensington Church (see St. Mary 
the Virgin). 

Kensington College, 228. 

Kensington Gore, 195. 

Kensington House, 150. 

Kensington Palace, 299. 

Kensington Palace Gai-dens, 305^ 
306. 

Kensington Road, 3, 4, 150, 275. 

Kensinstou Square, 1, 3, 289. 

Kentish Town, 179. 

Kerion Lane, City, 45. 

Kew Foot Lane, Richmond, 308. 

Kew Green, 38. 

Kilburn Priory, St. John's Wood, 
154. 

King of Clubs, 170, 258, 280. 

King's Arms Tavern, Pall Mall, 9. 

King's Bench Prison, Southwark, 17, 
141. 



350 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



King's Bench Walk, Inner Temple, 

62, 188. 
King's Head Club, 166-167. 
King's Head Tavern, Fleet Street, 

238. 
King's Head Tavern, Islington, 239. 
King's Head Tavern, Ivy Lane, 167. 
King's Head Tavern, Pall Mall, 290. 
King's Head Tavern, Tower Street, 

239. 
King's Place, Pall Mall, 11. 
King's Eoad, Camden Town, 82. 
King's Road, •Fulham, 3. 
King's Road ( Theobald's Road), 

Bedford Row, 87, 88. 
King's Square (Soho Square), 61, 101. 
King's Square Court, Soho, 61. 
Kingston, 207. 
Kingston-upon-Hull, 208. 
Kingston-on-Thames, 113. 
King Street, Cheapside, 56, 260. 
King Street, Covent Garden, 57, 96, 

156, 258, 278, 307. 
King Street, Grosvenor Square, 90. 
King Street, St. James's Street, 11, 

305. 
King Street, Westminster, 75, 233, 

239, 285, 286, 297, 300. 
King William Street, City, 125. 
King William Street, Strand, 282. 
Kit K^t Club, 8, 64, 218, 289, 290. 
Knightsbridge, 239. 

Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey, 

47. 
Lalla Rookh Cottage, Muswell Hill, 

221. 
Lamb's Cottage, Edmonton, 192. 
Lancaster Court, Strand, 244. 
Langham, Norfolk, 207. 
Langham Street, Marvlebone, 21, 

37. 
Lansdowne House, Berkeley Square, 

220. 
Lant Street, Borough, 81. 
Lauderdale House, Highgate Hill, 

207, 208. 
Lawn Bank, John Street, Hamp- 

stead, 180, 181, 182. 



Lawn Cottage, John Street, Hamp- 

stead, 181. 
Lawrence Manor House, Chelsea, 

281. 
Lawrence Street, Chelsea, 281. 
Leadenhall Market, 185. 
Leg Tavern, King Street, Westmin- 
ster, 236. 
Leicester Court, Leicester Fields, 149. 
Leicester Fields (see Leicester 

Square). 
Leicester House, Leicester Fields, 

93, 285. 
Leicester Square, 61, 137, 149, 288, 

297, 299. 
Leonard Place, Kensington, 150. 
Lewis Place, Great Ormond Street, 

201. 
Lewis Place, Hammersmith Road, 

Fulham, 194. 
Lichfield, 1. 

Lime Grove, Putney Hill, 113. 
Lincoln's Inn, 61, 62, 223, 226, 232, 

320. 
Lincoln's Inn Fields, 8, 37, 54, 74, 

84, 110, 195, 198, 217, 238. 
Lincoln's Inn Gateway, 171, 172, 

173. 
Lindsay Lane, Westminster, 238. 
Lion and Sun Hotel, Highgate, 59. 
Lisbon, Spain, 106. 
Lisle Street, Leicester Square, 87, 

143, 285. 
Litchfield Street, Soho, 309. 
Literary Club (see The Club). 
Little Britain, 110, 111, 144, 155. 
Little College Street, Camden Town, 

82. 
Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, 51. 
Little Newport Street, Long Acre, 93. 
Little Queen Street, Holborn, 186, 

187. 
Little Ryder Street, 297. 
Little Tower Street, 307. 
Little Turnstile, Holborn, 213. 
Liverpool Road, 188. 
Lloyd's, Abchurch Lane, 290. 
Load of Hay Tavern, Haverstock 

Hill, 280, 290. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



351 



Lockitt's Ordinary, Charing Cross, 

246. 
Lombard Street, 152, 197, 239, 240, 

290, 300. 
London Bridge, 25, 199, 209, 225, 

238, 266, 295. 
London Institution, Finsbury Circus, 

78, 245. 
London Wall, 177, 195, 196, 200, 231. 
Long Acre, viii, x, 29, 61, 92, 96, 

247, 301, 302. 
Long's Hotel, New Bond Street, 32, 

34, 263. 
Lordship's Lane (or Road), Stoke 

Newington, 77. 
Lothbury, 138. 
Lovell's Couit, Paternoster Row, 253, 

254. 
Lower Belgrave Place (Buckingham 

Palace Road), 71-72. 
Lower Grosvenor Street, New Bond 

Street, 73, 273. 
Lower Heath Road, Hampstead, 180. 
Lower Richmond Road, 154. 
Lower Rosoman Street, Clerkenwell, 

318. 
Lower Series Place, Fleet Street, 8. 
Luke Street, Westminster, 71. 
Lyceum Theatre, 113. 

Maida Yale, 154. 

Maid Lane, Bankside, 266. 

Maidenhead Court, St. Martin's-le- 

Grand, 212. 
Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, 207, 

245. 
Maiden Lane, Upper Thames Street, 

45. 
Mall, The, 41, 213. 
Manchester Square, 102, 114. 
Manor House, Chiswick, 241. 
Mansion House, City, 275. 
Marble Arch, viii, 86, 293. 
Marbledown Place, Burton Crescent, 

271. 
Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, 

36. 
Market Lane, Pall Mall, 298. 
Mark Lane, City, 316. 



Marshalsea Place, Southwark, 80. 
Marshalsea Prison, 79-80, 81, 82, 320. 
Marylebone Church, 146. 
Marylebone High Street, 12. 
Marylebone Lane, 114. ♦ 

Marylebone Road, viii, 12, 30, 83, 146. 
Marylebone Street, 21. 
Mawson Lane, Chiswick, 241. 
Mawson Row, Chiswick, 241. 
Maynard Street, Muswell Hill, 221. 
May's Building?, St. Martin's Lane, 

274. 
Mecklenburgh Square, 82. 
Mercers' Hall, 179. 
Merchant Taylors' School, 1, 275, 285. 
Mermaid Tavern, Cheapside, 20, 175- 

176, 270. 
Metropolitan Meat Market, Charter 

House Street, 19. 
Michael's Grove, Brompton Road, 

153. 
Middle Heath Road, Hampstead, 180. 
Middle Scotland Yard, 37. 
Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, 

140, 199. 
Middle Temple, 27, 63, 67, 75, 78, 

100, 104, 321, 126, 220, 249, 258, 

264, 273, 284, 322. 
Middle Temple Gate, 27. 
Middle Temple Hall, 269. 
Middleton Buildings, Regent Street, 

37. 
Milbourne House, Barnes Common, 

106. 
Mile End, 250. 
Milk Street, Cheapside, 17, 170, 222, 

236. 
Mill Walk, Battersea, 242. 
Milton Street, Cripplegate, 78, 108. 
Mincing Lane, 235. 
Minories, 47, 276, 317. 
Missolonghi, Greece, 34. 
Mitford Lane, Strand, 170, 258. 
Mitre Chambers, Fenchurch Street, 

236. 
Mitre Court Buildings, Temple, 188. 
Mitre Court, Fleet Street, 169. 
Mitre Court, Wood Street, Cheapside, 

236. 



352 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



Mitre Tavern, Fenchurcli Street, 236. 

Mitre Tavern, Fleet Street, 168, 169, 
236. 

Mitre Tavern, St. James's Market, 
103-104. 

Mitre Tavern, Wood Street, Cheap- 
side, 236. 

Monmouth House, Lawrence Street, 
Chelsea, 281 . 

Montague Square, 23. 

Monument Yard, City, 118. 

Moorfields, 195, 196, '315, 318. 

Mortimer Street, Cavendish Square, 
140, 151, 199. 

Mortlake, 9. 

Mount Street, Berkeley Square, 71. 

Mulberry Club, 118. 

Mulberry Gardens, 95, 101-102. 

Museum Club, l55. 

Muswell Hill, 221. 

Muswell Hill Road, 221. 

Nag's Head Tavern, High Street, 

Borough, 320. 
National Deposit Bank, Russell 

Street, Co vent Garden, 55. 
National Portrait Gallery, 9, 146. 
Navy Office, Seething Lane, 233- 

234. 
Neville Court, Fetter Lane, 17. 
New Bond Street, 31, 33, 167, 263. 
New Buildings, Chiswick, 241. 
Newcomen Street, Southwark, 320. 
New Court, Temple, 7. 
New Court, Throgmorton Street, 130. 
New Finchley Road, 139. 
New Fish Street, City, 239. 
Newgate Prison, 2-32, 261, 320. 
Newgate Street, 18, 26, 57, 97, 117, 

146, 167, 168, 187, 285. 
Newington Causeway, 146. 
Newington Green, 16, 76, 256, 316. 
New Lm, Wych Street, 222. 
New Law Courts, 170, 195, 196, 

198. 
New Oxford Street, viii. 
New Palace Yard, 117-118, 208, 238. 
New Park Street, Southwark, 266. 
Newport Market, 309. 



Newport Street, St. Martin's Lane, 

61, 242, 309. 
New Queen Street, Upper Thames 

Street, 176. 
New River, 190, 191. 
New Road (Marj'lebone Road), viii, 

146. 
New Square, Lincoln's Inn, 226. 
Newstead Abbe}', 34. 
New Street, Covent Garden, 156. 
Newton House, Campden Hill, 228. 
New Wells, Clerkenwell, 318. 
Nightingale Lane, Highgate, 58. 
Norfolk Street, Strand, 58, 217, 232. 
North Bank, St. John's Wood, 98-99. 
North End, Fulham, 10, 68, 254, 255. 
North End Road, 8. 
North Gower Street, Bedford Square, 

79, 80. 
North Road, Highgate, 59. 
Northumberland .Street, Marylebone, 

78. 
Northumberland Street, Strand, 152, 

155, 172. 
Nottingham Place, Mar^'lebone, 23. 
Notting Hill, 299. 

October Club, 243, 244, 300. 

Old Bailey, 120, 261, 323. 

Old Baptist Head Tavern, 126, 170. 

Old Bond Street, 21, 292, 293. 

Old Broad Street, 18, 235, 240, 317, 
318. 

Old Brompton Road, 146. 

Old Burlington Street, 10, 112. 

Old Cavendish Street, Oxford Street, 
37. 

Old Fish Street, City, 239; 

Old Jewry, 89, 245. 

Old Kensington Square (see Ken- 
sington Square). 

Old Palace Yard, 251. 

Old Red Lion Inn, 126, 170, 308. 

Old St. Pancras Road, 118. 271. 

One Tun Tavern, St. James's Market, 
274. 

Onslow Square, 303-304. 

Orange Chapel, St. Martin's Street, 
227. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



353 



Orange Street, Leicester Square, 89, 

137. 
Orbell's Buildings, Kensington, 228. 
Orchard Street, Portman Square, 

273, 279. 
Orchard Street, Westminster, 137. 
Our Club, 154. 

Oxendon Street, Haymarket, 18. 
Oxford, 2, 9, 60, 114, 195, 197, 198, 

232, 234, 287, 318. 
Oxford Circus, 18. 
Oxford Street, viii, 18, 78, 140, 293. 
Ozinda's Coffee House, 300. 

Paddington, 147. 

Palace Chambers, St. James's Street, 

303. 
Palace Gardens, Kensington, 202. 
Palace Gate, Kensington, 150. 
Palace Green, Kensington, 304. 
Palace Yard, Lambeth, 25. 
Palace Yard, "Westminster, 76. 
Pall Mall, 7, 9, 11, 24, 28, 57, 58, 114, 
■ 144, 151, 154, 204, 206, 207, 221, 

244, 247, 251, 258, 262, 278, 290, 

292, 297, 298, 300, 306, 308, 312. 
Pall Mali Place, Pall Mall, 11. 
Palsgrave's Head Lm, Strand, 247. 
Palsgrave's Place, Strand, 247. 
Palsgrave Restaurant, Strand, 208. 
Pantheon, Oxford Street, 78. 
Paper Buildmgs, Temple, 183. 
Paradise Tavern, 238. 
Park Lane, 24, 32, 89. 
Park Place, St, James's Street, 144, 

288. 
Park Street, Grosvenor Square, 90. 
Park Street, Southwark, 17, 18, 70, 

163, 174, 266. 
Park Village, Regent's Park, 153. 
Paris, France, 295. 
Paris Garden, Bankside, 268. 
Parliament Street, Westminster, 81, 

244. 
Parsloe's Coffee House, St. James's 

Street, 62. 
Parson's Green, Fulham, 13, 254, 

255. 
Parson's Green Lane, 131. 



Paternoster Row, 22, 23, 44, 94, 166, 

253. 
Paul's Cross, 108-109. 
Paul's School, 109, 211, 233. 
Paul's Wharf, 105. 
Pavement, High Street, Clapham, 

200. 
Pavement, Moor fields, 177-178. 
Peabodj' Buildings, Drury Lane, 75. 
Peak Hill Avenue, Sydenham, 36. 
Peak Hill Road, Sydenham, 36. 
Peak Hill, Sydenham, 36. 
Peckham, 119. 

Peerless Pool, Old Street Road, 215. 
Pembridge Villas, Bayswater, 203. 
Penton Street, Pentonville, 126. 
Pentonville Road, viii, 128, 146. 
Peterborough House, Parson's Green,- 

255. 
Petersham, 112. 
J'eter Street, Westminster, 70. 
Petty France, Westminster, 213, 214, 
Phoenix Alley, Long Acre, 301-302. 
Phoenix Street, Somers Town, 116. ' 
Physicians' Hall, Warwick Lane, 

Paternoster Row, 94. 
Piazza, Covent Garden, 51, 154, 155,' 

219, 274, 312. 
Piccadillo Hall, 295. 
Piccadilly, 10, 80, 32, 34, 37, 53, 73, 

242, 26"l, 262. 
Piccadilly Circus, 30. ' 

Piccadilly Terrace, 32. 
Pickett Street, St. Clement Danes, 

196. 
Pied Bull Inn, Islington, 249-250. 
Pillars of Hercules Tavern, 261. 
Pimlico, 37. 

Pineapple Inn, ISTew Street, 156. 
Pinner's Court, Old Broad Street, 18. 
Pinner's Hall, 17, 18, 317, 318. 
Pitcher's Court, Great Bell Alley, 

Coleman Street, City, 20. 
Pitt's Buildings, -Kensington, 228. 
Pitt's Place, Parson's Green, 254. 
Pitt Street, Kensington, 228. 
Playhouse Yard, Ludgate Hill, 265. 
Ploiagh Court, Carey Street, 198. 
Plough Court, Lombard Street, 240. 



23 



354 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



\ Plough Inn, High Street, Clapham, 

201. 
Plough Inn, Plough Court, Carey 

Street, 198. 
Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, 

5, 37, 47, 71, 79, 130, 274, 285, 286, 

288, 315. 
Poet's Head, Phoenix Alley, 301. 
Poland Street, Oxford Street, 72. 
Polygon, Somers Town, 116. 
Pompeii, 24. 

Pontack's Ordinary, 102, 299, 300. 
Pope's Head Alley, Cornhill, 239. 
Pope's Head Inn, Chancery Lane, 

239. 
Pope's Head Inn, Pope's Head Alley, 

239. 
Pope's Villa, Twickenham, 241-242. 
Portland Hotel, Portland Place, Ox- 
ford Street, 320. 
Portland Place, Hammersmith, 58. 
Portland Place, Oxford Street, 320. 
Portman Square, 36, 102, 312. 
Portsea, 79. 
Portsmouth, 125. 
Portsmouth Street, Lincoln's Inn 

Fields, 143. 
Portugal Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 

74. 
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 

8, 10, 74, 143. 
Poultney Hill, 115. 
Poultry, 77, 137, 179, 223, 277. 
Princes Square, Ratcliffe Highway, 

296, 297. 
Px'inces Street, Hanover Square, 256. 
Priory, St. John's Wood, 98-99. 
Prospect Place, Newington Butts, 

284. 
Puddle Wharf, Blackfriars, 265. 
Pump Court, 104. 
Putney, 9, 141, 149. 
Putney Bridge, 142, 154. 
Putney Common, 153, 154. 
Putney Hill, 113. 

Quaker Tavern, Westminster, 239. 
Queen Anne Mansions, Westminster, 
132, 214. 



Queen Anne Street, Cavendish 

Square, 21, 27, 71, 131. 
Queen's Arms Tavern, Cheapside, 

179. 
Queen's Arms Tavern, Newgate 

Street, 97, 168. 
Queen's Arms Tavern, St.. Paul's 

Churchyard, 167-168. 
Queensbury House, 112. 
Queen's College, Cambridge, 19. 
Queen's College, Oxford, 2. 
Queen's Gate, South Kensington, 

146. 
Queen's Head Alley, Newgate Street, 

167. 
Queen's Head Lane, Islington, 249. 
Queen's Head Street, Islington, 250. 
Queen's Head Tavern, Cheapside, 

179. 
Queen's Head Tavern, Islington, 24^, 

250. 
Queen's Hotel, Queen Street, Soho, 

125. 
Queen's Road, Finchley Road, 139. 
Queen's Row, Knightsbridge, 226. 
Queen Square,Bloorasbury, 51, 72, 73. 
Queen Street, Berkeley Square, 273, 

280. 
Queen Street, Hammersmith, 226. 
Queen Street, Soho, 124, 125. 
Queen Street, Upper Thames Street, 

176, 237. 
Queen Victoria Street, 223, 265. 

Rainbow Tavern, 27. 

Ranelagh, 60. 

Ratcliffe Highway, 54, 296. 

Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, 131. 

Rational Club, 155. 

Reading, 217. 

Red Bull Theatre, Clerkenwell, 75, 

264, 316. 
Red Bull Yard, Clerkenwell, 75, 264, 

315, 316. 
Red Lion and Sun Hotel, Highgate, 

59. 
Red Lion Fields, Holborn, 214. 
Red Lion Hill, Hampstead, 14. 
Red Lion Inn, Parliament Street, 81. 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



355 



Red Lion Square, 214, 248. 
Reform Club, 154, 306. 
Regent's Park, 18, 98, 138, 199, 262. 
Rhenish Wine Inn, Canon Row, 

Westminster, 239. 
Rhenish Wine Inn, Steel Yard, 

Upper Thames Street, 239. 
Richard's Coffee House (Dick's), 67. 
Richmond, 62, 308. 
Richmond Bridge, 62. 
Rising Sun Tavern, Enfield, 191. 
Robert Street, Adelphi, 138. 
Robin Hood Tavern, Essex Street, 

Strand, 28. 
Robinson's Coffee House, Charing 

Cross, 260- 
Rogue's Lane, Fleet Street, 8. 
Rope Makers' Alley, Moorfields, 77- 

78. 
Rope Makers' Street, Moorfields, 78. 
Rosamond's Pond, St. James's Park, 

61. 
Rose Street, Bankside, 174. 
Rose Street, Covent Garden, viii, 29, 

95-96. 
Rose Street, Newgate Street, 60. 
Rose Tavern, Brj^dges Street, 113. 
Rose Tavern, Holborn Hill, 301. 
Rose Tavern, Russell Street, Covent 

Garden, 239. 
Rose Theatre, Bankside, 174, 268. 
Rosslyn Hill, Hampstead, 16. 
Rota Club, 208, 238. 
Round Court, Strand, 282. 
Royal Academv of Arts, 32. 
Royal Albert Hall, 195. 
Royal Exchange, 63, 69, 76, 77, 92, 

239, 313. 
Royal Institution, Albemarle Street, 

102. 
Royal Society, 229, 235. 
Rummer Court, Spring Gardens, 246. 
Rummer Tavern, Spring Gardens, 

246. 
Running Footman Tavern, Charles 

Street, Berkeley Square, 24. 
Russell Square, 217. 
Russell Street, Covent Garden, x, 6, 

7, 21, 55, 62, 71, 101, 149, 154, 155, 



170, 189, 226, 237, 239, 243, 291, 

300. 
Rutland House, Aldersgate Street, 75» 
Ryder Street, 297. 

Sadleks Wells Theatre, 190. 

St. Albans, 67. 

St. Alban's Place, Haymarket, 298. 
St. Alban's Street, Haymarket, 298. 
St. Andrew's Church, Holborn, 87j 

131-132, 259. 
St. Andrew's Hill, 265. 
St. Andrew' s-by -the- Wardrobe, 265. 
St. Anne's Church, Carter Lane, 265» 
St. Anne's Church, Soho, 134. 
St. Anne's Hill, Chelsea, 65. 
St. Anne's Lane (St. Anne's Street), 

Westminster, 136-137. 
St. Anne's Street, Westminster, 137. 
St. Anthony's Free School, Thread- 
needle Street, 222. 
St. Bartholomew-the-Great, 214. 
St. Benedict's Chapel, Westminster 

Abbey, 20, 48. 
St. Benet's Church, Paul's Wharf , 

105. 
St. Bennet Fink, 16, 240. 
St. Botolph's Church, Aldgate, 47. 
St. Bride's Church, Fleet Street, 

92, 199, 255. 
St. Bride's Churchyard, Fleet Street,, 

211, 212. 
St. Clement Danes' Church, 92, 117, 

165-166, 170, 195, 196, 231. 
St. Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, 

225. 
St. Dunstan's Church, Fleet Street, 

6, 17, 91, 198, 257. 
St. Dunstan's Churchyard, 314. 
St. Faith's Church, 211. 
St. George's . Church, Hanover 

Square, 4, 99, 293. 
St. George's Church, Southwark, 80, 

81, 320. 
St. George's Hospital, Hyde Park, 

149. 
St. George's Place, Hyde Park, 149. 
St. George Street, Shadwell, 54, 

296. 



356 



INDEX OF PLACES, 



St. Giles's Churcli, Cripplegate, 76, 

77, 108, 215, 216. 
St. Giles' s-iu-tiie-Fields, 208, 276. 
St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, 268. 
St. James's Churcli, Clerkenwell, 

314. 
St. James's Church, Garlickhithe, 45. 
St. James's Coffee House, St. James's 

Street, 7, 89, 290, 299. 
St. James's Hotel, Jermyn Street, 

263. 
St. James's Market, 103, 104, 274, 

298. 
St. James's Market Place, 17, 18. 
St. James's Park, 41, 61, 101, 115, 

213, 214, 238, 246. 
St. James's Place, 1, 6, 32, 73, 90, 205, 

257-258, 262, 285, 297, 303. 
St. James's Square, 28, 49, 109-110, 

297. 
St. James's Street, 7, 8, 31, 33, 35, 

37, 54, 62, 89, 110, 114, 115, 142, 

167, 204, 221, 240, 244, 247, 259, 
. 274, 291, 310, 312. 
St. John's Chapel, John Street, 

Hampstead, 182. 
St. John's -College, Cambridge, 171. 
St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, 40, 

157, 260. 
St. John's Lane, Clerkenwell, 126, 

170, 260. 
St. John's Road, Islington, 308. 
St. John's Street, Clerkenwell, 19, 

75, 260, 264, 315. 
St. John's Street Road, Islington, 
, 126, 170. 

St. John's Wood, 138, 154, 193. 
St. John - the - Evangelist, Smith 

Square, 50-51. 
St. Katherine-Cree, 47. 
St. Lawrence's Church, Brentford, 

309. 
St. Luke's Church. Chelsea, 63, 225, 

264, 290, 298. 
St. Luke's Hospital, Old Street, 215. 
St. Margaret's Church, "Westminster, 

35, 66-67, 233, 252, 310. 
St. Margaret's Hill, South wark, 48. 
St. Martin' s-in-the-Fields, 11, 41, 92, 



104, 171, 172, 173, 220, 245, 278, 

301, 302. 
St. Martin's Lane, 61, 156, 176, 2i2, 

274, 295. 
St. Martin' s-le-Grand, 97, 168, 212. 
St. Martin's Street, Leicester Square, 

72-73, 227, 228, 299. 
St. Mary Aldermary, Watling Street, 

45. 
St. Mary-at-Hill, 324. 
St. Mary Axe, 87, 317. 
St. Marylebone Church, 12, 30. 
St. Mary-le-Bow Church, 210. 
St. Mary-le-Savoy, 320. 
St. Mary-le-Strand, 116. 
St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, 17. 
St. Mary Magdalen, Richmond, 308. 
St. Mary Overy, 107, 108, 126, 127, 

209, 266, 267^ 269. 
St. Mary's Chapel, Westminster 

Abbey, 47. 
St. Mary's Church, Ealing, 309. 
St. Mary's Church, Kensington, 62, 

63, 151, 203. 
St. Mary's Church, Putney, 113. 
St. Mary's Church, Wyndham Place, 

Bryan ston Square, 194. 
St. Mary Woolchurch, 275. 
St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill, 245. 
St. Michael's Church, Cornhill, 128. 
St. Michael's Church, Highgate, 58. 
St. Michael's Church, Old Verulam, 

13. 
St. Michael's Court, Cornhill, 245. 
St. Mildred's Church, Bread Street, 

271. 
St. Mildred's 'Court, Poultry, 137. 
St. Nicholas's Church, Deptford, 204- 

205. 
St. Olave's Church, Hart Street, 

233, 234, 235, 238. 
St. Pancras Gardens, 118, 271, 272. 
St. Pancras-in-the-Fields (Old St. 

Pancras Church), 116, 118, 271, 

273, 316. 
St. Paul's Cathedral, 39, 109, 276- 

277, 279. 
St. Paul's Church, Covent Garden, x, 

29, 41, 218, 283, 284, 302, 321, 323. 



INDEX OP PLACES. 



357 



St. Paul's Church, Dock Street, 54. 
St. Paul's Church, Hammersmith, 

226. 
St. Paul's Churchyard, 7, 109, 137, 

167-168, 211, 236, 271. 
St. Paul's School (see Paul's School). 
St. Paul's School, Shaclwell, 54. 
St. Peter's Church, Sumner Street, 

Southwark Bridge Road, 268. 
St. Peter's College {see Westminster 

School). 
St. Peter's Street, St. Albans, 67. 
St. Saviour's Church, Southwark, 

107, 108, 126, 127, 209, 266, 267, 

269. 
St. Sepulchre's Church, Holborn, 26, 

116, 117. 
St. Swithin's Church, London Stone, 

92. 
St. Thomas's Hospital, 10, 178. 
St. Vedast's Church, Foster Lane, 

136. 
Salisbury, 1. 
Salisbury Court, Fleet Street (see 

Salisbury Square). 
Salisbury Square, 92, 118, 198, 229, 

253, 264. 
Salutation and Cat Inn, Newgate 

Street, 60, 187, 285. 
Salutation Inn, Newgate Street, 60. 
Samson's Ordinary, St. Paul's 

Churchyard, 236. 
Sandford, Manor House, Chelsea, 3. 
Sandy End, Fulhara, 2. 
Sardinia Place, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 

111. 
Sargent's Inn, 64. 
Savile Club, 274. 
Savile House, Twickeiiham, 219. 
Savile Row, Burlington Gardens, 

112, 130, 274, 279. 
Savoy, The, 69, 238. 
Savoy Buildings, Strand, 170, 290, 

300. 
Savoy Chapel, 46, 320. 
Savoy Hill, 46. 
Savoy Palace, 46. 
Savoy Street, 46, 320. 
Sayes Court, Deptford, 100, 101. 



Sayes Court Street, 101. 
Schomberg House, 300. 
Scotland Yard, 207, 213. 
Scriblerus Club, 113, 243, 244, 300. 
Seething Lane, 233, 234, 235, 236. 
Selby House, North End, Hammer- 
smith, 254. 
Serle's Coffee House, 8, 10. 
Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, 8, 

10, 198. 
Sessions House, Westminster, 239. 
Sevenoaks, 129, 200. 
Seymour Place, Connaught Square, 

194. 
Seymour Street, Portman Square, 23, 

36. 
Shacklewell, 184. : 
Shadwell, 75. 
Shaftesbury House, Kensington 

Road, 275. 
Shanet Place, Strand, 247. 
Sheffield Street, Clare Market, 290, 
Ship Tavern, Charing Cross, 246. . 
Ship Tavern, Little Tower Street, 807. 
Ship Yard, Strand, 196. 
Shire Lane, Fleet Street, 8, 141, 218, 

291. 
Shoe Lane, v, 42, 43, 44, 124, 199, 

238, 314. 
Shooter's Court, Throgmorton Street, 

130. 
Shoreditch, 42, 172, 227. 
Simpson's Tavern, 170. 
Sir Richard Steele's Tavern, Haver- 

stoek Hill, 290. 
Skinner Street, Holborn, 26, 116-117. 
Slaughter's Coffee House, 61, 242. 
Sloane Street, Knightsbridge, 30, 150, 

19L 
Sloane Terrace, Sloane Street, 30. 
Smith Square, Westminster, 50. 
Smith Street, Westminster, 284, 288. 
Smyrna Coffee House, Pall Mall, 

247,. 299, 300, 308. .. : 

Snow Hill, 25-26, 117. 
Society of Arts, v, 28, 30,. 90^ 102, 

111, 112, 222, 227, 273, 31L . 
Soho Square, 60, 61, 63, 78, 101, 12i^ 

125, 140. . 



358 



ilNDEX Ot PLAC^l^. 



Somerset House, 46, 68, 310, 311. 
Somerset Place, Portman Square, 

273. 
Somers Town, 116, 141. 
Southampton Buildings, Holborn, 

133, 135, 188, 191. 
Southampton Coffee House, South- 
ampton Buildings, 135. 
Southampton House, Bloomsbury 

Square, 52. 
Southampton House, Holborn, 52. 
Southampton Row, Bloomsbury 

Square, 128, 217, 248. 
Southampton Square, 17. 
Southampton Street, Bloomsburj' 

Square, 52.- 
Southampton Street, Strand, 52, 63, 

321. 
South Audley Street, 41, 49, 50, 89, 

137, 219. 
Southgate, 144. 

South Kensington {see Kensington). 
South Kensington Museum, 83, 85, 

111. 
South Sea House, 184-185. 
South Square, Gray's Inn, 202. 
Southwark, 10, 48, 70, 107, 141, 163, 
.174,178,209,238,295.. 
Southwark Bridge Crossing, 266. 
Southwark Bridge Road, 19, 174, 176, 

266. 
Spanish Place, Manchester Square, 

102, 206. 
Spiller's Head Club, 54. 
Spring Gardens, 41, 52, 53, 213, 246, 

282. 
Squire's Coffee House, 8. 
Stafford, 314. 

Stanhope Place, Oxford Street, 293. 
Staple Inn, 159. 

Star and Garter Tavern, Pall Mall, 
■ 247, 300. 

Star Tavern, Cheapside, 239. 
Steele's Cottage, Haverstock Hill, 

289-290. 
Steele's Studios, Haverstock Hill, 

290. 
Steel Yard, Upper Thames Street, 239. 
Stepney Church, 250. 



Stevens's Hotel, New Bond Street, 31. 
Stockbridge Terrace, Pimlico, 37. 
Stock Exchange, 130. 
Stoke Court, Stoke Pogis, 128-129. 
Stoke Newiugton, 16, 75, 77, 130, 

256, 317. 
Stoke NeAvington Church, 16. 
Stoke Pogis, 128-129. 
, Stoke Pogis Church, 129. 
I Strand, 8, 56, 97, 106, 112, 113, 116, 
I 117, 17G, 183, 197, 208, 227, 235, 

238, 247, 249, 256, 258, 272, 280. 

282, 290, 300, 310. 
Stratford-on-Avon, 264, 270. 
Stratford Place, Oxford Street, 279. 
Stratton Street, Piccadilly, 310. 
Strawberry Hill, 53, 311, 312. 
Streatham, Surrey, 162-163. 
Stretford, Nottinghamshire, 50. 
Suffolk Lane, Upper Thames Street, 

275, 285. 
Suffolk Street, Haymarket, 298. 
Sumner Place, Onslow Square, 304. 
Sumner Street, Southwark, 266. 
Sun-behind-the-Exchange Inn, 239. 
Sunbury, Middlesex, 23. 
Sun Tavern, Chancery Lane, 239. 
Sun Tavern, King Street, Westmin- 
ster, 239. 
Sun Tavern, New Fish Street, 239, . 
Surrey Street, Strand, 63, 64. 
Surrey Theatre, Southwark, 141. 
Sussex Chambers, Duke's Street, St. 

James's Street, 37. 
Sussex House, Hammersmith, 206. 
Sussex Place, Regent's Park, 262. 
Swallowfield, 217. 
Swallow Place, Oxford Street, 18. 
Swallow Street, Piccadilly, 17, 18. 
Swan Inn, Fenchurch Street, 239. 
Swan Inn, Old Fish Street, 239. 
Swan Inn, Tottenham, 314-315. 
Swedish Church, Ratcliffe Highway, 

296. 
Sydenham, 30, 35, 36. 



Tabard Inn, Southwark, 48. 
Tabernacle Row, Finsbury, 318. 
Talbot Inn, Southwark, 48. 



INDEX OF PLACES.- 



359 



Talbot Inn Yard, 48. 

Taverns: Adam and Eve, Kensing- 
ton Road, 275; African, St. Mi- 
chael's Alley, Cornhill, 2-i5; Albi- 
on, Aldersgate Street, 130; Albion, 
Russell Street, Covent Garden, 
154-155; Argyll Rooms, 295; Arun- 
del Hotel, Norfolk Street, Strand, 
232; Bear and Harrow, Butcher 
Row, 196; Bear-at-the-Bridge-Foot, 
295, 323; Bear Inn, Southwark, 
238 ; Bedford Coffee House, Covent 
.Garden, 51, 61, 106, 226, 242, 274, 
312; Bedford Head Tavern, Maid- 
en Lane, Covent Garden, 207; Bed- 
ford Hotel, Covent Garden, 5, 303 ; 
Bedford Tavern, Maiden Lane, 
Covent Garden, 207; Bell Inn, 
Aldersgate, 301; Bell Inn, Carter 
Lane, 270-271; Bell Inn, Edmon- 
ton, ix, 192; Bell Inn, King Street, 
Westminster, 236, 244, 300; Black 
Jack, 143; Blue Bells, Lincoln's 
Inn Fields, 238; Boar's Head, 
Eastcheap, 125, 270; Brew House, 
Axe Yard, 75 ; British Coffee 
House, 170, 282; Bull and Bush, 
Hammersmith, 8; Bull, Shore- 
ditch, 227; Bull, Tower Hill, 231; 
Bull's Head, Clare Market, 290; 
Bull's Head, Spring Gardens, 52, 
53, 213; Button's, x, 6, 149, 175, 
260, 291, 300; Carey House, Strand, 
238 ; Castle, Henrietta Street, 
Covent Garden, 273; Castle, Isling- 
ton, 54; Castle, Savoy, 238; Cat and 
Fiddle, 218 ; Chapter Coffee House, 
22, 44, 124; Chatelain's, 238; 
Cheshire Cheese, 320, 170; Child's, 
7; Cider Cellar, Maiden Lane, 
Covent Garden, 245; Clarendon 
Hotel, New Bond Street, 167; 
Clifton's, Butcher Row, 170; 
Clunn's, Covent Garden, 154; 
Cock, Bow Street, 322, 323; Cock, 
Fleet Street, 170, 238; Cock, Suf- 
folk Street, 238; Cock, Tothill 
Street, 234; Cocoa Tree, 7, 8. 247, 
259 ; Cox's Hotel, Jermyn Street, 



30; Crooked Billet, Wimbledon, 
309; Cross Keys, St. John's 
Street, Clerkeuwell, 260; Crown 
and Anchor, Arundel Street, 
Strand, 155, 170, 258, 280; Crown 
and Horse-Shoes, Kntield, 191; 
Crown, Hercules Pillars' Alley, 
237 ; Crown, King Street, Cheap- 
side, 260 ; Crown, King Street, 
Westminster, 244; Crown, Vinegar 
Yard, 274 v Devil, Fleet Street, 6, 
7, 124, 169, 175, 238, 290, 300; 
Dick's, 8, 67, 290; Dolphin, Seeth- 
ing Lane, 236; Don Saltero's, 
Chelsea, 112, 282, 291; Dorant's 
Hotel, Jermyn Street, 30; Doves, 
Hammersmith, 227, 308; Duke of 
York's, Shire Lane, 8; Duke's 
Head, Parson's Green, 255; Essex 
Head, 188 ; Falcon, Bankside, 25, 
176, 268, 270; Feathers, 187; 
Fischer's Hotel, New Bond Street, 
31; Fleece, Covent Garden, 2-37; 
Fountaine, Strand, 170, 290, 300; 
Garaway's, 300; George, Church 
Street, Kensington, 228; George, 
Pall Mall, 300; George, Strand, 
226, 227, 272; Globe, Bankside, 
266; Globe, Fleet Street, 124, 300; 
Goat, Charing Cross, 238 ; Golden 
Eagle, New Street, 238 ; Golden 
Fleece, Edmonton, 192; Golden 
Hart, Greenwich, 157; Golden L'on, 
Charing Cross, 238; Gordon's Ho- 
tel, Albemarle Street, 32 ; Grecian, 
Devereux Court, Strand, 7, 10, 124, 
168, 229, 291; Half Moon, Aiders- 
gate Street, 64, 176, 323 ; Hand-in- 
Hand, Wimbledon, 309; Harrow, 
Fleet Street, 313; Haycock's, 208; 
Heaven, 238 ; Hell, 238 ; Hercules 
Pillars', 273, 291; Holland Arms, 
Kensington, 4; Holly Bush, 
Hampstead, 14; Horse and Groom, 
Edmonton, 192; Hummums, Co- 
vent Garden, 68-69; Jack's 
(Walker's Hotel), Queen Street, 
Soho, 124-125; Jerusalem, St. 
John's Gate, 157; Jolly Farmer, 



860 



INDEX OF PLAGES. 



Edmonton, 192; Jump (Black 
Jack), 143; King's Arras, Pall 
Mall, 9; King's Head, Fleet Street, 
238; King's Head, Islington, 239; 
King's Head, Ivy Lane, 167; 
King's Head, Pall Mall, 290; 
King's Head, Tower Street, 239; 
Leg, King Street, Westminster, 
236; Lion and Sun Hotel, High- 
gate, 59; Load of Hay, Haver- 
stock Hill, 289-290; " Lockitt's 
Ordinary, Charing Cross, 246; 
Long's Hotel, 32, 34, 263; Mer- 
maid, Cheapside, 20, 175-176, 270 ; 
Mitre, Fenchurch Street, 236; 
Mitre, Fleet Street, 168, 169, 236; 
Mitre, St. James's Market, 103- 
104; Mitre, Wood Street Cheap- 
side, 236; Mulberry Gardens, 95, 
101-102; Nag's Head, Southwark, 
320 ; Old Baptist Head, 126, 170 ; 
One Tun, 274; Ozinda's, 300; 
Palsgrave's Head, Strand, 247; 
Palsgrave Restaurant, 208; Para- 
dise, 238; Parsloe's, St. James's 
Street, 62; Piccadillo Hall, 295; 
Pied Bull, Islington, 249, 250; Pil- 
lars of Hercules, 261; Pineapple, 
■New Street, 156 ; Plough, Clapham, 
201; Plough, Plough Court,- Carey 
Street, 198; Poet's Head, 301; 
Pontack'&, 102, 299, 300; Pope's 
Head, Chancery Lane, 239; 
Pope's Head, Pope's Head Alley, 
239; Portland Hotel, Portland 
Place, 320; Quaker, Westminster, 
239 ; Queen's Arms, Cheapside, 179 ; 
Queen's Arms, Newgate Street, 97, 
168; Queen's Arms, St. Paul's 
Churchyard, 167, 168; Queen's 
Head, Cheapside, 179; Queen's 
Head, Islington, 249, 250; Queen's 
Hotel, Queen Sti-eet, Solio, 125; 
Eainbow, 27 ; Red Lion and Sun, 
ETighgate, 59; Red Lion, Parlia- 
ment Street, 81; Rhenish Wine, 
Canon Row, Westminster, 239; 
Rhenish Wine, Steel Yard, Upper 
Thames Street, 239 ; Richard's, 67; 



Rising Sun, Enfield, 191; Robin 
Hood, Essex Street, Strand, 28; 
Robinson's, Charing Cross, 260; 
Rose, B ydges Street, 113 ; Rose, 
Holborn "llill, 301 ; Rose, Russell 
Street, Covent Garden, 239; Rum- 
mer, Spring Gardens, 246; Run- 
ning Footman, Charles Street, 
Berkeley Square, 24: St. James's 
Coffee House, St. James's Street, 
7, 89, 290, 299; St. James's Ho- 
tel, Jermyn Street, 263; Saluta- 
tion, Newgate Street, 60; Saluta- 
tion and Cat, Newgatie Sti-eet, 60, 
187, 285; Samson's, St. Paul's 
Churchyard, 236; Serle's, 8, 10; 
Ship, Charing Cross, 246; Ship, 
Little Tower Street, 307; Simp- 
son's, Strand, 170; Sir Richard 
Steele's, Haverstock Hill, 290; 
Slaughter's, 61, 242; Smyrna, 247, 
299, 300, 308; Southampton Coffee 
House, Southampton Buildings, 
135; Squire's, 8; Star and Garter, 
Pall Mall, 247, 300; Star, Cheap- 
side, 239 ; Sun-behind-the-Ex- 
change, 239 ; Sun, Chancery Lane, 
239; Suu, King Street, Westmin- 
ster, 239; Sun, New Fish Street, 
239; Swan, Fenchurch Street, 239 ; 
Swan, Old Fish Street, 239; Swan, 
Tottenham, 314-315; Tabard, South- 
wark, 48; Talbot, Southwark, 48; 
Thatched House, St. James's Street, 
204, 291 ; Three-Cranes-in-the-Vin- 
try, 176, 237; Three Feathers, 
Russell Street, Covent Garden, 
101; Three Pigeons, Brentford, 
177; Three Tuns, Charing Cross, 
239; Tom's, Birchin Lane, 44-45; 
Tom's, Devereux Court, Strand, 
10 ; Tom's, Russell Street, Covent 
Garden, x, 55, 62, 170, 226, 282; 
Triumphant Chariot, Hyde Park 
Corner, 261, 291; Trumpet, Shire 
Lane, 8, 291; Turk's Head, Gerard 
Street, Soho, 123, 1C7; Turk's 
Head, New Palace Yard, 208, 238; 
Turk's Head, Strand, 98, 170 



IKBEX 01* PLACES. 



S61 



245; Upper Flask, Hampstead, 9, 
242, 289; Vauxhall, 61; Victoria, 
Muswell Hill, 221; Walker's Hotel, 
Queen Street, Soho, 124-125; 
Waterloo Hotel, Jermyn Street, 
263; West Indian, St. Michael's 
Alley, Cornhill, 245; White Bear, 
Southwark, 267; White Conduit 
Tavern, Islington, 126; White 
Conduit Tea Gardens, Islington, 
126;' White Hart, High Street 
Borough, 270; White Horse, Chel- 
sea, 291; White Horse, Kensing- 
ton, 4; White Horse, Lombard 
Street, 239; White Rose, West- 
minster, 47; White Swan, Totten- 
ham, 314-315; Will's, v, x, 7, 
95, 113, 170, 175, 189, 234, 243, 
282, 291, 299; World's End, 
Knightsbridge, 239 ; Wrekin, 118, 
154-155. 

Tavistock House, Bloomsbury 
Square, 131. 

Tavistock House, Tavistock Square, 
84, 217. 

Tavistock Row, Co vent Garden, 321. 

Tavistock Square, 84, 217. 

Teddington, 232. 

Telegraph Street, Coleman Street, 
City, 20, 21. 

Temple (see Inner Temple, and 
Middle Temple). 

Temple Bar, 7, 8, 17, 67," 169, 172, 
173, 175, 208, 236, 238, 272, 300, 
313. 

Temple Church, 123. 

Temple Gardens. 104-105, 121. 

Temple Gate, 169, 175. 

Temple Place, Blackfriars Row, 141. 

Thames Street, 47, 197. 

Thatched House Tavern, St. James's 
Street, 204, 291. 

Thayer Street, Manchester Square, 
102. 

The Club (see Club, The). 

Theobalds, Cheshunt, Herts, 317. 

Thistle Grove, Fulham Road, Chel- 
sea, 153. 

Thomas Street, Southwark, 10. 



Threadneedle Street, 130, 185, 200, 
222, 223, 235, 276. 

Three-Cranes-in-the-Vintry, 176, 237. 

Three Cranes Lane, Upper Thames 
Street, 176. 

Three Feathers Inn, Russell Street, 
Covent Garden, 101. 

Three Pigeons Inn, Brentford, 177. ; 

Three Tuns Inn, Charing Gross, 239. 
j Throgmortoii Avenue, 200. 

Throgmorton Street, 130, 200. 

Thurloe Place, South Kensington, 
112. 

Tilbury, 78. 

Titchfield Street, Soho, 78, 

Tokenhouse Yard, Lothbury, 138. 

Tom's Coffee House, Birchin Lane, 
44-45. 

Tom's Coffee House, Devereux Court, 
Strand, 10. 

Tom's Coffee House, Russell Street, 
Covent Garden, x, 55, 62, 170, 226, 
282. 

Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chan- 
cery Lane, 274. 

Tooley Street, Southwark, 179, 238. 

Torquay, 24. 

Tothil Fields, Westmin-^ter, 283. 

Tothill Street, Westminster, 27, 283, 
284. 

Tottenham, 314-315. 

Tottenham Court Road, viii, 318. 

Tottenham Court Road Chapel, 318. 

Tottenham Cross, 314. 

Tower Chapel, 225. 

Tower Hill, 225, 231, 2-32, 285. 

Tower of London, 47. 225, 232, 235, 
249, 250, 251, 301, 309, 320. 

Tower Street, 239. 

Trafalgar Bay, 125. 

Trafalgar Square, 41, 206, 213, 278. 

Trinity College, Cambridge, 70, 91, 
172," 195. 

Trinity Row (Upper Street), Isling- 
ton,' 87. 

Trinity Square, Newington Cause- 
way, 146. 

Triumphant Chariot Tavern, Hyde. 
Park Corner, 261, 201. 



36^ 



INM:^ Of PLACfia 



Trumpet Inn, Shire Lane, 8, 291. 
Tufton Street, Westminster, 179. 
Tully's Head, Pall Mall, 11, 28, 257, 

312. 
Tunbridge Wells, 71^ 278. 
Turk's Head Coffee House, Strand, 

98, 170, 245. 
Turk's Head Tavern, New Palace 

Yard, 208, 238. 
Turk's Head Tavern, Soho, 123, 

167. 
Twickenham, 12, 105, 219, 2o2, 241, 

242. 
Twickenham Church, 242. 
Twickenham Park, 12. 
Tyburn, 293. 

Union Club, 278. 
I Union Road, Newington Causeway, 

146. 
Union Street, Borough, 320. 
United Service Club, 207. 
University Street, Tottenham Court 

Road, 79. 
Upper Berkeley Street, Portman 

Square, 194. 
Upper Cheyne Eow, Chelsea, 146- 

147, 281. ' 
Upper Flask Tavern, Hampstead, 9, 

242, 289. 
Upper Gvosvenor Street, 89. 
Upper Harley Street, Cavendish 

Square, 248. 
Upper Mall, Hammersmith, 227, 308. 
Upper Seymour Street, Portman 

Square, 23, 39. 
Upper Street, Islington, 69, 87. 
Upper Thames Street, 45, 105, 176, 

239, 285. 
Upton Road, 154. 
Uxbridge House, 112. 
Uxbridge Road, 17, 106, 151. 

Vale of Health, Hampstead 

Heath, 148, 179. 
Vauxhall, 61. 

Vere Street, Clare Market, 290. 
Yerulam, 13. 
Vesuvius, 24. - 



Victoria Inn, Muswell Hill, 221. 
Victoria Street, Buckingham Palace 

Road, 37. 
Villiers Street, Strand, 12, 81, 101, 

290. 
Vinegar Yard, Drury Lane, 274. 
Vine Street, Westminster, 50. 

Walker's Hotel, Queen Street, 

Soho, 124, 125. 
Wallingford House, Whitehall, 66. 
Walthamstow, Essex, 89. 
Walworth Road, 284. 
Wardour Street, Soho, 134, 275, 
Wardrobe Place, Doctors' Commons, 

265. 
Wardrobe Terrace, St. Andrew's 

Hill, 265. 
Warner Street, Clerkenwell, 296. 
Warwick Lane, Paternoster Row, 94. 
Warwick Street, Chariug Cross, 282. 
Waterloo Bridge, 46. 
Waterloo Hotel, Jermyn Street, 26-3. 
Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, 24, 206, 

221, 258, 262, 298. 
Water Oakley, 9. 
Watier's Club, 34. 
Watling Street, City, 45, 210-211. 
Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, 

114. 
Wellclose Square, Shadwell, 54, 75. 
Wellington Barracks, St- James's 

Park, 115. 
Well Road, Hampstead, 180. 
Well Walk, Hampstead, 16, 179, 180. 
Wells Lane, Sydenham, 30. 
Wentworth House, John Street, 

Hampstead, 180-181, 182. 
Wentworth Place, Downshire Hill, 

Hampstead, 180-181, 182. 
Westbourne Grove, 148. 
West Horsley, Surrej', 252. 
West Indian Tavern, St. Michael's 

Alley, Cornhill, 245. 
West Kensington Road, Hammer- 
smith, 254. 
Westminster Abbey, 5, 20, 24, 37, 

39, 47, 51, 53, 66, 74, 91, 94, 101, 

112, 130, 164-165, 172, 173, 174, 



INDEX OF PLACES. 



863 



203-204, 214, 227, 229, 259, 264, 

274, 285, 286, 288, 315. 
"Westminster Bridge, 163. 
Westminster Hall, 225. 
Westminster Hospital, 28. 
Westminster School, 50, 51, 61, 62, 

64, 65, 66-67, 70, 91, 114, 136, 171, 

173, 195, 197, 246, 258, 284, 309. 
West Street, Finsbury Circus, 178. 
Weymouth Street, Portland Place, 

248, 279. 
White Bear Inn, Bear Gardens, 

Southwalk, 267. 
White Conduit Tavern, 126. 
White Conduit Tea Gardens, 126. 
Whitefriars, 275. 
Whitehall, v, 41, 101, 112, 207, 213, 

233, 236, 244, 246, 299. 
Whitehall Gardens, 89. 
White Hart Inn, High Street, Bor- 
ough, 270. 
White Horse Inn, Chelsea, 291. 
White Horse Inn, Kensington, 4. 
White Horse Inn, Lombard Street, 

239. 
Whitehorse Street, Piccadilly, 262. 
White Rose Tavern, Westminster, 

47. 
White's Club, 54. 
White Swan Inn, Tottenham, 314- 

315. 
Whittington Club, 153, 170, 258. 
Whitton, 294. 
Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, 

220. 
Wild Court, Great Wild Street, 111. 
Wilderness Lane, 229. 
Willis's Rooms, King Sti*eet, St. 

James's Street, 305. 
Will's Coffee House, v, x, 7, 95, 113 

170, 175, 189, 237, 243, 282, 291, 

299. 
Wimbledon, 309, 310. 
Wimbledon Common, 206-207, 309. 
Wimbledon House, Wimbledon Com- 
mon, 206. 
Winibledon Park, 206. 



Wimpole Street, Cavendish Square, 

27, 71, 131, 151. 
Winchester Park, Bankside, 266. 
Winchester Street, Bankside, 266. 
Winchester Yard, Bankside, 266. 
Windmill Hill, Hampstead, 14-15. 
Windmill Street, Piccadillv, 295. 
Wine Office Court, 120, 170. 
Woodbridge Street, Clerkenwell, 76, 

264, 316. 
Woodford, Essex, 278. • 
Woodstock Street, Oxford Street, 

157. 
Wood Street, Cheapside, 136, 176, 

236, 322. 
World's End Tavern, Knightsbridge, 

239. 
Wormwood Street, Old Broad Street, 

235. 
Wrekin Tavern, 118, 154-155. 
Wych Street, Drury Lane, 222. 
Wyndham Place, Bryanston Square, 

194. 

Yarrow, 322. 

York Buildings, New Road, 146. 

York Buildings, Villiers Street, 

Strand, 290. 
York Chambers, St. James's Street, 

37. 
York Gate, Buckingham Street, 

Strand, 12, 230. 
York House, 11-12, 290. 
York Mews, Fnlham Road, 221. 
York Place, Mary] ebon e Road, 146. 
York Place, Queen's Elms, Bromp- 

ton, 221 
York Street, Buckingham Gate, 115. 
York Street. Co vent Garden, 79, 84, 

237. 
York Street, Westminster, 132-133, 

214. 
Young Street, Kensington, 303, 305. 

ZoAR Chapel, Southwark, 25. 
Zoar Street, Southwark, 25. 
Zutphen, 276. 



NOTICES OF THE PKESS. 



In " Literary Landmarks of London," Mr. Laurence Hutton has 
worked out a felicitous idea with industry, skill, and success. For 
the first time, so far as we are aware, we have within the pages of a 
moderate-sized volume all that is known or can be discovered of the 
streets, houses, apartments, chambers, single rooms, and even garrets, 
in which have resided, at one time or other of their lives, the men and 
women who were famous in English letters. . . . It is a volume that 
every one should possess who takes an interest in the local associations 
which London is so full of, unknown though they be to the vast ma- 
jority of its inhabitants. With this compendium in one's hand there 
is . hardly a walk that one can take in London in which some fii»esh fea- 
ture of interest would not be disclosed for all persons who have any 
taste for, and knowledge of, literature and letters. — The Standard, 
London, June 5, 1887. 

Mr. Hutton's unpretending volume makes no show of learning or 
originality. ... The great value of the book is that it sets forth 
plainly and succinctly what the condition of these historic monuments, 
these earthly abodes of the immortals, actually is in this year 1885. 
A century hence the information will be greedily sought after by 
chroniclers and commentators of all sorts. At the present moment it 
is well worth having ; and Mr. Hutton deserves the gratitude of the 
public for supplying it. — The Daily News, London, June 5, 1885. 

In his entertaining work, * ' Literary Landmarks of London, " Mr. 
Laurence Hutton, who deserves to be remembered as a most accom- 
plished gossip, reminds us that our vast metropolis "has no associations 
go interesting as those connected with its literary mei;," Convinced 



ii NOTICES OF THE PRESS. 

of the trutli of this, he has perambulated the town and suburhs with an 
unwearying enthusiasm worthy of Old Mortality himself, to detect foot- 
prints as well as to recover facts and legends before it is actually too 
late to do such work at all. — The Baptist, London, June 19, 1885. 

Mr. Huttou has compiled a book which is so obviously what we all 
constantly want that it seems odd^ and hard to believe that it has not 
been forestalled long ago. True, places of literary association are 
noted incidentally in ordinary handbooks, but this is the first work in 
which a systematic attempt has been made to trace the residences 
of literary worthies in London. Mr. Button has attained a great 
measure of completeness in his task, and it would be difi&cult to 
name any author of importance he has omitted. . . . Traditional 
evidence is proverbially bad, yet in many cases Mr. Hutton has had 
little else to go by. And we can only congratulate him on the 
moderate and undogmatic manner in which he has stated doubtful 
conclusions. 

There is hardly anything more interesting in its way than to go 
through the London streets and try to realize their appearance at the 
time of any particular eminent inhabitant. Sometimes the task is too 
difficult, as, for example, when we remember that John Bunyan lived 
for a time and died on Snow HiU, at the house of his friend Mr. Strud- 
wick, the grocer. Tlie house was probably removed when Skinner 
Street Was built in 1802, and Mr. Hutton is no doubt right in supposing 
that it was directly under the eastern pier of Holborn Viaduct. . . . 

The book is admirably arranged, the authors' names being placed 
in alphabetical order. It commences with Joseph Addison, and ends 
with Edward Young. Of Young, by the way, there is not much to 
record. He **had almost no association with London, except in his 
marriage at the church of St. Mary-a,t-Hill, in Love Lane, East 
Cheap, May 27, 1731," It is said that the death of Mrs. Young, nine 
years later, was the proximate cause of the composition of the famous 
*' Night Thoughts." Mr. Hutton has had many difficulties to contend 
with. We have noticed the confusion caused by renumbering and 
renaming. Besides this, in many instances entire streets have been 
swept away. It is easier to-day, as Mr. Hutton observes, to discover 
the house of a man who died two hundred years ago, before streets 
were numbered at all, than to identify the houses of men who have 
died within a few years, Dryden, for instance, was living in 1686 on 
tho north side of Long Acre, over against Rose Street. The house is 
easily found ; but the house in which C'arly-le died has already, most 



HOTICES 0^ mti PilESS. in 

needlessly and stupidly, had its number altered, and is now 24 Great 
Cheyne Row. It often happens, also, by some strange fatality, that an 
interesting house has been removed or "restored" ont of knowledge, 
while adjacent old buildings about which no tradition or association 
lingers are left intact. Thus Drayton's house in Fleet Street, near 
St. Dunstan's Church, has been altered beyond recognition, while the 
two houses next door remain as they were in his day. So, too, among 
a multitude of old-fashioned inns which stand in Edmonton, as they 
stood long before Lamb and Cowper, the "Bell" which they immor- 
talized has been rebuilt again and again. Among the more absurd 
changes is that which has befallen the once famous Grub Street. 
Here, it is said, John Fox, or Foxe, the martyrologist, was living- 
when he published the "Acts and Monuments." "It lies between 
Fore Street and Chiswell Street, and has now been called Milton 
Street, in honor of the author who emphatically had no connection or 
association with the original Grub Street or its literature." The 
house in which Hood was born in the Poultry has been taken down ;- 
and so has No. 7 Little Queen Street, where, in 1796, was enacted the 
awful tragedy which clouded and saddened the lives of Charles and 
Mary Lamb. A church is on the site, but Mr. Hutton notices that 
behind- it a tree is still standing in what had once been the back 
garden. It would be easy to prolong these notes and extracts. To 
any one who is interested in the histoiy of literature, to any one 
who is interested in old London, — and the two classes comprise al-- 
most all the reading yjublic, — Mr. Mutton's book will be a delightful 
boon. There are two indexes ; the first of persons, in Avhich not only 
the celebrities noticed but the authors quoted are named ; and the 
second of places. Altogether, this is a book of which literary America 
may be proud, and literary London ashamed. Mr. Hutton has done 
for us what we have never done for ourselves. — The Saturday lieview, 
London, July 4, 1885. 

Mr. Laurence Hutton, a well-known American writer, has done 
excellent work in "Literary Landmarks of London." With extraor- 
dinary patience he has consulted old maps, directories, chronicles, 
parish surveys, records of estates, to discover the exact houses inhab- 
ited in London at various times by literary celebrities. The result is a 
volume of extraordinary accuracy and deep interest. Never before 
has anything of the kind approaching this in thoroughness been 
attempted ; and it will long remain the standard work on the subject. 
— The OrapMc, London, July 11, 1885. 



iv^ NOTICES OF THE PRESS. 

The author who devises a new and appropriate treatment of an old 
subject deserves much praise, and to this praise Mr. Hutton is strictly 
entitled. The many hunters after the haunts of great men must so 
often have found the need of such a book as this that we cannot but 
express surprise that the want has not been supplied before the year 
1885. That it should now be supplied by an American is most natural, 
for doubtless our cousins over the water make pilgrimages to shrines 
that are quite neglected by ourselves. 

The plan laid down by the author is admirably carried out, and the 
main object is distinctly kept in view from beginning to end. There is 
no attempt to write lives of the persons chronicled, but all the facts 
connected with the London residences of those authors included in 
the book are marshalled with care, and the result is a most readable 
volume. 

Mr. Hutton has not been content to gather his materials from the 
various sources available, but he has taken care to verify the different 
statements on the spot ; and we may here note one very useful feature, 
which is, that whenever the somewhat vague word " now" is used the 
actual date is always added in parentheses. The gain to precision here 
is great. ... 

As we turn over the pages of this handy volume and follow the 
alphabet from Addison to Young, we cannot but feel how much 
our authors have done to throw a charm over the bricks and mortar of 
our great city. The men who make history are as a rule excluded, 
but those who keep that history from being forgotten are here in 
full force. Who shall say that the surroundings of a great town are 
uncongenial to the poetic spirit, when we remember that our greatest 
poets — Chaucer, Shakspere, and Milton — spent their busy lives in 
the streets of London ? Even Wordsworth, who naturally has but few 
lines devoted to him, expressed in his majestic sonnet his sense of 
the beauty of the sleeping city as he looked at it from Westminster 
Bridge. It is strange to find how few of our famous authors have 
been entirely unconnected with London, 

Every page contains several facts, — facts that have to be verified, — 
and it is great praise to be able to say that these are generally accurate. 
An index of persons and another of places complete the book. — The 
Athenceum, London, July 18, 1885. 

London to the literary man — and especially the literary man who 
has reached middle age without the conventional surrender of sentiment 
— is a land of shadc)v>'s. Hardly a nook of this huge city — " opulent, 



KOTICES OF THE PEESS. V 

enlarged, and still increasing " — but is hallowed by some unsubstan- 
tial shade, which, like the picture to the Spanish monk, is more real 
to him than the palpable and demonstrative persons who "scrowdge " 
and jostle him in its crowded streets. It is Gray picking his way back 
from Covent Garden with his dearly loved pinks and scarlet Martogon 
lilies ; it is Fielding at tea in the upper room at Bow Street, reading 
the case of Elizabeth Canning ; it is Steele making fun in the circle at 
Will's over the last utterance of Blackmore ; or perhaps it is Lamb 
rejoicing that he can see both theatres from the windows of his lodg- 
ings ; or Ben Jonson baptizing his sons in the ''Apollo ;" or Newton 
going in his chair to visit the Princess Caroline. It is a hundred and 
one incidents of the past that seem to be a part of his own past, and to 
strive for existence with his personal recollections. To those who 
admit these visionary antecedents, who delight in these appropriated 
memories, there can be no more delightful companion than the modest 
volume, "plain in its neatness," to which its writer, Mr. Laurence 
Hutton, has given the name of "Literary Landmarks of London." It 
is one of those books of which one may say emphatically that they have 
been labors of love. The writer — an American well known for his 
frequent visits to this country — has not only accumulated with exem- 
plary patience all the written information that he could discover about 
the homes and haunts of London litterateiirs, but he has visited those 
haunts and homes himself wherever possible, and makes fit record of 
■their sites or aspect. It is this, perhaps, which gives its greatest value 
to the book, that, wherever at all practicable, its facts have been 
verified de visu, — an advantage which in these days, when annihilation 
flourishes under the name of improvement, and the renumbering of 
streets is fast producing chaos, can scarcely be overestimated. Mr. 
Hutton's plan has been to trace the various dwellings of his subjects 
from their cradles to their graves, illustrating each ascertained stage by 
some apposite quotation, and faithfully giving his authorities. The 
result is a book which it is delightful either to read through or to 
glance at for ten minutes, with this advantage, that when it has served 
its turn of amusement it takes its position on the shelves as a trust- 
worthy book of reference, for which its admirable double index of names 
and places more than sufficiently equips it. Its author, we gather, 
intends to follow it by a volume dealing with the dwellings of artists 
and actors, which do not form part of his present enterprise. We can 
only say that we trust he will lose no time in giving us this indispen- 
sable complement to what he has already done so conscientiously and 
successfully. — Notes and Queries^ Lomdon, July 18, 1885. 



VI NOTICES OF THE PRESS. 

Volumes which at once combine the merits of a work of reference 
and of a work that affords delightful entertainment by continuous 
perusal are not common ; but Mr. Laurence Hutton has succeeded 
in producing one of them. His "Literary Landmarks of London" 
really contains a series of short biographical sketches of almost all 
the famous men and women of English literature. It is brief and 
to the point, yet is enriched with many a quaint story and many 
a pleasing reminiscence. It is a model of industry. The author has 
done his best to find out every house in London that was ever asso- 
ciated with a literary man, and every literary man that- ever made his 
residence in a London house. Commencing with Addison, and finish- 
ing with Young, he goes through the alphabet. It has been no easy 
task, as his preface tells us. The constant change in London, the pull- 
ing down of old houses, the cutting of new thoroughfares, and the 
renumbering of streets, have necessitated the exercise of great patience 
in fixing the sites. ... 

These samples of Mr. Hutton's work must suffice. In his volume 
we come across a London, not of fog and dirt and trade and turmoil, 
but of great minds and immortal names ; a London of learning and 
poetry, of philosophy and science. Henceforth it ought to be deemed 
as akin to Athens as it is generally said to be to Babylon. — Th^ 
Literary World, London, July 26, 1885. 

Mr. Laurence Hutton's "Literary Landmarks of London" is an at- 
tempt to identify the houses in London where famous literary men 
have lived, or lounged, or worked. This is a much more difficult task 
than might be expected, because streets have been again and again re- 
named and renumbered ; but Mr. Hutton has been very careful and 
painstaking, and has succeeded in making his rather novel kind of 
guide-book surprisingly full and complete. As far as we have tested 
it, it seems also to be accurate. - — The Contemporary Review, London, 
August, 1885. 

Mr. Hutton gives the information which he has here collected in 
alphabetical order, and without much effort to invest it with literary 
attraction. This, perhaps, is quite right, considering the plan of the 
book. If the writer had dealt at all fully with either the character 
or the biography of the hundreds of literary persons whom he men- 
tions, his very reasonable limits would soon have been exceeded. It 
is much to his credit that he resists the temptation. His object is 
to give topographical details, when these details connect the subjects 



NOTICES OE THE PRESS. Vll 

of his brief notices with London ; and he very wisely does not go be- 
yond this purpose. The work is of limited extent ; but it could not 
be done without a very considerable amount of research, and Mr. Hut- 
ton must be allowed the credit of having done it in a complete fashion. 
An instance of his manner of treatment may be given. He comes in 
the course of his work to the name of Laurence Sterne. Kow, it 
would have been easy to say a great deal about Sterne, but Mr. Hut- 
ton keeps strictly to his subject. '* Sterne," he says, "saw but little 
of London." In 1760 he lodged in Pall Mall for about three months. 
He occupied in subsequent seasons various lodgings which cannot be 
identified. In 1768 he died at 41 Old Bond Street, "over the silk- 
bag shop." Whether the house now thus numbered is the real No. 41 
seems doubtful. He was buried in " the new burying-ground in Ty- 
burn," from which, it is said, his body was stolen and sold to the 
professor of anatomy at Cambridge, in whose dissecting-room it was 
recognized by a friend. Would it not be well, by the way, to throw 
this disused burial-ground open ? — The Spectator^ London, Aug. 1, 
1885. 

It would be difficult to praise Mr. Hutton too highly for the spirit 
in which he has conceived his design, and for the thoroughness with 
which he has carried it out. Not content with collecting the occa- 
sional references of his predecessors, he has cheerfully undertaken the 
double drudgery of verifying their statements (wherever possible), by 
means of contemporary documents, and by tracing the succession of 
bricks and mortar down to the year 1885. He has thus written not 
only for the present but also for the future. . . . Our children will 
therefore be grateful to Mr. Hutton for commemorating in each case 
the result of his own inspection of every historic house, its condition, 
and its present name and number. And we ourselves thank him for 
having incalculably augmented the value of his book for use by two 
exhaustive indexes, — the one of names, the other of places. — The 
Academy, London, Aug. 8, 1885. 



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